GENETICS CH 18
Which of the following are examples of spontaneous mutations? _____ depurination _____ deamination _____ tautomeric shifts _____ nitrogenous base oxidation
1-3
. Translocations and inversions may cause which of the following? A. TRNE B. anticipation C. position effect D. genome mutations
C
. Which of the following integrate into the double-helix of DNA, interfering with DNA replication? A. EMS B. nitrous acid C. 5BU D. acridine dyes
C
. Which of the following is an example of a base analog? A. EMS B. nitrous acid C. 5BU D. nitrogen mustards E. acridine dyes
C
. Silent mutations are possible due to the degenerate nature of the genetic code. TRUE or FALSE?
TRUE
. The Ames test may be used to determine if an agent is a mutagen. TRUE or FALSE?
TRUE
What process repairs damage from UV radiation? A. homologous recombination repair B. direct repair C. base excision repair D. mismatch repair E. nucleotide excision repair F. nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ)
E
. An individual that is a genetic mosaic would be the result of a germ cell mutation. TRUE or FALSE?
FALSE
. Reverse mutations involve changing a wild-type allele to a mutant allele. TRUE or FALSE?
FALSE
. Somatic cells are those that give rise to sperm and egg cells. TRUE or FALSE?
FALSE
. TNRE repeats frequently result in the addition of extra histidine amino acids to the protein. TRUE or FALSE?
FALSE
. The most common genotype in a population is called the mutant genotype.TRUE or FALSE?
FALSE
The mutation frequency would be the same for all genes in a given culture.TRUE or FALSE?
FALSE
. A translocation that moves a gene from an area of euchromatin to heterochromatin would typically cause _____ in the expression of the gene. A. a reduction B. an increase C. no change
A
Which of the following is not an example of a spontaneous mutation? A. DNA replication errors B. tautomeric shifts C. aberrant recombination D. UV light E. transposable elements
D
. Homologous recombination repair requires the presence of a sister chromatid. TRUE or FALSE?
TRUE
A heritable change in the genetic material is called a mutation. TRUE or FALSE?
TRUE
In the nucleotide excision repair system, which of the following proteins is responsible for recognizing a thymine dimer to be repaired? A. UvrA/UvrB B. UvrC C. UvrD D. None of the answers are correct.
A
The complete loss of either a guanine or adenine from DNA is an example of _____. A. depurination B. tautomeric shifts C. deamination D. None of the answers are correct.
A
The results of the replica plating experiments by the Lederbergs supported which of the following theories? A. random mutation theory B. physiological adaptation theory C. both theories D. neither theory
A
Which DNA repair process often leads to deletion in chromosome sequence? A. homologous recombination repair B. direct repair C. base excision repair D. mismatch repair E. nucleotide excision repair F. nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ)
A
. In the following sequence of DNA, the italicized base has been mutated. What type of mutation is this? 5' - G A T C T C C G A A T T - 3' original strand 5' - G A T C T C C C A A T T - 3' mutated strand A. transition B. transversion C. neither
B
. Most trinucleotide repeat expansion repeats involve expansion of which of the following? A. GAA B. CAG C. ATG D. any codon containing three of the same bases
B
. Which DNA repair process uses photolyase? A. homologous recombination repair B. direct repair C. base excision repair D. mismatch repair E. nucleotide excision repair F. nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ)
B
. Which process is used to repair DNA lesions? A. Translesion synthesis B. Homologous recombination repair C. Nonhomologous end joining D. Nucleotide excision repair
D
After screening a colony of bacteria for a given gene, you discover 100 mutant colonies out of 3 million total colonies. What is the mutation frequency for this gene in the population? A. 1.0 x 105 B. 1.0 x 10-5 C. 3.0 x 105 D. 3.3 x 10-5
D
Anticipation is associated with which of the following? A. nonsense mutations B. up-promoter mutations C. intergenic suppressors D. TRNE mutations
D
How does position effect influence gene expression? A. The movement of the genetic material on the chromosome by inversions or translocations may place a coding sequence near a new regulatory region, thus activating the expression of the gene. B. The movement of the gene may place it into a region that is highly condensed. C. The movement of a gene may remove it from its normal promoter, thus silencing the gene. D. All of the answers are correct.
D
Mutations that change the configuration of a protein at a specific temperature are called ____ mutations. A. neutral B. beneficial C. deleterious D. conditional
D
For this question, match the types of mutation with the correct definition. _______ Changes a single amino acid in the protein ______ Converts an amino-acid codon to a termination codon b _______ Involves the addition or deletion of nucleotides _____ When a change in a single amino acid does not have a noticeable effect on the protein _______ Does not involve a change in the amino acid structure of the protein
MM NM FSM NUM SM
A mutation in a gene that restores the wild-type phenotype of a second gene is called a suppressor mutation. TRUE or FALSE?
TRUE
Mutagens change the structure of DNA, which may lead to mutations. TRUE or FALSE?
TRUE
The process of replica plating is designed to test if advantageous mutations result in response to the selective agent or were naturally present in the population before selection. TRUE or FALSE?
TRUE
When guanine is oxidized into 8-oxoguanine, it will now form hydrogen bonding with adenine during DNA replication, causing a transversion mutation. TRUE or FALSE?
TRUE
Which of the following are examples of suppressor mutations? A. an intragenic mutation that restores protein structure B. an intergenic mutation that increases the activity of a protein performing the same function as the mutated protein C. an intergenic mutation that activates a transcription factor that dramatically upregulates expression of the mutant protein D. All of the answers are correct.
A
Which of the following is correct regarding the rate of mutation? A. Rates of mutation per cell generation typically range from 10-5 to 10-9. B. Mutation rates are consistent across species. C. Mutation rates are not influenced by environmental conditions. D. Mutation rates are constant.
A
A temporary change in the structure of a nitrogenous base is called ______. A. depurination B. a tautomeric shift C. deamination D. None of the answers are correct.
B
Which repair process uses enzymes called the DNA-N-glycosylases? A. homologous recombination repair B. direct repair C. base excision repair D. mismatch repair
C
After growing a culture of E. coli bacteria in the presence of the T1 phage, you discover that sub-cultures taken from the original exposure show a tremendous fluctuation in the number of colonies that are resistant to the T1 phage. This fluctuation supports which of the following theories? A. Physiological adaptation theory B. Random mutation theory C. Both theories D. Neither theory
B
Which environmental agent shown can induce mutations? A. UV radiation B. x-rays C. gamma rays D. All of the answers are correct.
B
If a point mutation increases the chances to produce offspring, it would be called a _____ mutation. A. neutral B. lethal C. beneficial D. conditional E. deleterious
C
The conversion of cytosine to uracil in DNA is an example of _____. A. depurination B. tautomeric shifts C. deamination D. None of the answers are correct.
C
. Which DNA repair process identifies daughter strands by methylation? A. homologous recombination repair B. direct repair C. base excision repair D. mismatch repair E. nucleotide excision repair F. nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ)
D
. Which DNA repair process utilizes MutL, MutH, and MutS proteins in E. coli? A. homologous recombination repair B. direct repair C. base excision repair D. mismatch repair E. nucleotide excision repair F. nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ)
D
The wild-type eye color of Drosophila is red. A single-base mutation occurs that produces a white eye color. Which of the following is correct regarding this mutation? A. It is an example of a mutation that alters protein function. B. Individuals with white eyes are called reversions. C. It would be an example of a silent mutation. D. All of the answers are correct.
D
A mutation in a promoter region that causes the promoter sequence to more closely resemble the consensus sequence is called an up promoter mutation and decreases transcription. TRUE of FALSE?
FLASE
Breakpoints in chromosome can lead to mutant phenotypes when they occur in the middle of a gene. TRUE or FALSE?
FLASE
Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) is an example of a deaminating agent. TRUE or FALSE?
FLASE
