Geo Final
Compared with the previous 10,000 years, the last 200 years has seen a jump of approximately ________ in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations.
35%
The construction of a dam across a river is likely to cause __________ upstream and __________ downstream.
Deposition; Erosion
Which of the following is not an erosional landform?
Tombolo
Net primary production is generally greatest in
Tropical rainforest
The biome that exists in warm tropical climates with low annual temperature range and year-round rainfall is
Tropical rainforest
Which of the following constitute ecosystem disturbance events?
a. Floods b. Volcanic eruptions c. Forest fires
Which of the following is true of waves
a. They can travel 1000s of km in the open ocean b. They are commonly generated from storms at sea c. Stronger winds generate larger waves
Climate changes on Earth can occur due to
a. changes in oceanic circulations b. changes in greenhouse gas concentrations c. changes in cloud cover producing a negative feedback d. changes in ice cover producing a positive feedback e. changes in plant communities and biomass
Changes in climate over the past 100 years have included,
a. complex spatial patterns of warming and in some cases cooling b. changes in precipitation patterns c. increases in mean sea level d. reduction of glacial ice
The greenhouse effect results from:
a. gases such as carbon dioxide that are transparent to SW radiation but absorb LW radiation
Braided streams, such as the Brahmaputra River, are found in areas
a. where the load is higher than the capacity b. that are subject to new sediment from glaciers or landslides c. subject to sediment deposition on the river bed
Climate model predictions for this century generally
agree on warming but vary considerably on amount
A cutoff on a meandering stream results in the formation of
an oxbow lake
Climate models have shown that global temperature change over the past 100 years is almost certainly attributed to
anthropogenic changes to greenhouse gas concentrations
Which of the following is a biotic component of an ecosystem?
bacteria
The largest material that can be carried by a stream is carried as
bed load
Which of the following is an erosional feature formed by an alpine glacier?
hanging valley
The suspended load of a stream consists of particles that are
held aloft within the flow
Latitudinal changes in ecosystems over hundreds of kilometers can be reflected by altitudinal changes in ecosystems over
hundreds of meters.
Desert biomes occur
in arid regions
Earth's average temperature in the past 100 years has
increased by approximately 1 degC
Sediment from valley sidewalls often forms __________ on the sides of glaciers and is transported down-valley by the glacier.
lateral moraine
A general term for the coastal environment is
littoral zone
Which of the following is not an example of a depositional coastal landform?
sea stack
Select the pair of terms regarding coastal erosion mitigation that are not related
soft engineering - jetty
Which of the following occurs when the Sun, Moon, and Earth are in alignment (i.e., in opposition or conjunction)?
spring tides
Waves in shallow water that "feel bottom" are __________ and more __________ spaced than the swell they are related to. In other words, the wave-length:wave-height ratio decreases.
taller, closel
Which of the following is NOT an erosional feature formed by an alpine glacier?
terminal morraine
Net primary production of an ecosystem reflects
the balance between photosynthesis and respiration
Net primary productivity is most closely related to
the growth rate of plants
Why does stream bed sediment tend to get smaller further downstream?
Because it has been subjected to more abrasion further downstream
Whatis the principal process involved in sand dune formation
c. aeolian depostion
Human activity has lead to significant increases in which of the following greenhouse gasses
carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide
Watersheds are defined by
drainage divides
A self-regulating association of living plants and animals and their nonliving physical environment is termed a(n)
ecosystem
Photosynthesis involves
the union of carbon dioxide and water under the influence of sunlight, and the release of oxygen.
Plants are an important component of the ecosystem because
they are important to atmospheric water and carbon budget
Which of the following is NOT a fluvial depositional landform?
v-shaped valley
The enhanced greenhouse effect is
warming in the lower atmosphere due to increases in greenhouse gas concentrations
Abiotic components of ecosystems include
water and sunlight
Wave action works to straighten a coast as wave energy focuses around headlands and tends to disperse energy in coves and bays in a process called
wave refraction