GEOG Final
Which of the following is the major reason for a lack of food access? Physical access Social access Stability of access Economic access
Economic access
The majority of greenhouse gas emissions associated with food production is from transporting that food True or False
False
Do lower-income or higher-income nations generally, and on average, suffer more food loss and waste? Lower-income nations do because they are often don't have access to the latest technologies, and food is lost at the production and processing level. Higher-income nations do because they have so many resources they tend to waste food in the household. High and low-income countries have equal amounts of food waste and loss overall in the supply chain, just in different sectors.
High and low-income countries have equal amounts of food waste and loss overall in the supply chain, just in different sectors.
What are the four N's in the Four-N framework for explaining meat consumption? Natural, Normal, Necessary, and Nice Natural, Negative, Nourishing, and Nice. Natural, Nourishing, Neutral, and Nice. Natural, Noble, Natural, and Nice.
Natural, Normal, Necessary, and Nice
Do we currently produce enough food to feed our global population? How will this change in the future? What factors might influence that?
Yes, we currently produce enough food/calories to feed the global population; however, students should identify that this may not mean that everyone has access to this food as there are many distribution issues. In the future, there are expected challenges to achieve this as the global population grows and people demand more intensive products including animal products and higher calorie diets. Students should identify multiple components of future shifts including population change, diet changes, etc.
What is a policy domain? a set of different parts of a governance system that are organised around a certain policy issue. a group of stakeholders working together a specific frame within a group of stakeholders that guides the decision making process a specific set of stakeholders within a geographical area
a set of different parts of a governance system that are organised around a certain policy issue.
Define governance and relate it to the concepts of politics and institutions.
a. Governance is the process in which public and private stakeholders make rules, with the twin aims to both address problems and promoting public and private interests. b. Politics is the process in which power is distributed, acquired, and used. c. Institutions are the rules that structure our behaviour. d. So governance includes both politics and institutions.
How much food does the average person in the EU likely waste each year? 50-100 kilograms 100-150 kilograms 150-200 kilograms 200-250 kilograms
150-200 kilograms
What percentage of Overseas Development Assistance (ODA) is food aid? 25% 20% 15% 10% <5%
<5%
What is the circular economy? Why is it important for sustainable food consumption?
A circular economy is an economy in which economic productivity, and perhaps even growth, does not come at the expense of resource depletion. In a circular food economy, then, food consumption would not deplete resources or result in un-recyclable waste. Consumption in a circular economy would thus, by definition, be sustainable.
Which of the following are potential food safety changes for food security under future climate change conditions? A potential increase in aflatoxins A potential decrease in food borne illnesses A potential decrease in the need to refrigerate foods
A potential increase in aflatoxins
What is a collective action problem? Select the best answer. A situation in which people fail to achieve an objective. A situation in which people fail to cooperate even though it would be in their collective interest to do so. A situation in which a group of people fail to achieve a shared objective. A situation in which people are in conflict with each other.
A situation in which people fail to cooperate even though it would be in their collective interest to do so.
What is a foodshed approach? A strategy to promote local food A strategy to analyse the geographic region that produces the food for a particular population A strategy of enhancing the food storage capacity of a particular region. A strategy to create regionally certified food products
A strategy to analyse the geographic region that produces the food for a particular population
Why do clean cookstoves represent an important technology in many nations? They reduce the amount of air pollution people are exposed to and improve their respiratory health. They reduce the greenhouse gas emissions because they are more efficient. They reduce the amount of deforestation needed to provide the fuel because they are more efficient. All of the above given answers are correct
All of the above given answers are correct
How might mobile technology aid farmers in improving food security? They can use mobiles to monitor markets They can use mobile payment systems They are able to receive weather reports and technical assistance. All of the above given options are correct
All of the above given options are correct
What do we have to consider when foreign investment from higher-income nations is used to develop food transport infrastructure in lower-income nations? How they may increase food security since food can be transported from farmers to households faster. Whether there are any other environmental side effects on, for instance, biodiversity. How projects may influence the social relations between different communities and groups in the lower-income nations. All of the above given options are correct
All of the above given options are correct
Which of the following agents would not be considered to be part of any food aid supply chain? A friendly neighbour Local government officials Primary school students All of the agents mentioned are potentially part of a food aid supply chain. None of the agents mentioned are potentially part of a food aid supply chain.
All of the agents mentioned are potentially part of a food aid supply chain.
Many university students drink more alcohol than recommended. Which of the following might be an explanation for this decision? Attention bias Optimistic bias Information gaps All of the given options are correct
All of the given options are correct
Which of the following can be causes of aid dependency? Disincentives to work Price decreases Crowding out of local food products All of the options given are correct.
All of the options given are correct.
Which of the following are possible solutions to the Tragedy of the commons? Privatisation Coercion Information campaigns about the costs of overexploitation All of the options provided are correct.
All of the options provided are correct.
When and how do stakeholders execute their power? During the formal decision-making stage. During agenda setting. Prior to a decision-making process, by convincing decision makers to change their minds. All of these options
All of these options
Which of the following is not a strategy to promote circular economies? Design Reduction Reuse All options given are strategies to promote circular economies.
All options given are strategies to promote circular economies.
How does food waste differ between low-income and high-income countries?
Answers to this question should clearly identify how there are key differences between when food is lost in the supply chain. More food is "lost" in low-income countries (e.g. at the agricultural and processing levels) than wasted as is the case in high- income countries (e.g. at the retail and household levels).
Can you think of examples of the tragedy of the commons that are not like the prisoner's dilemma?
Any situation where the two mechanisms are not quite the same; e.g. where there are repeat interactions in the Tragedy situation (the classical prisoners dilemma has no repeat interactions).
Which of the following are the pillars of food security? Production, access, cooking, taste Availability, access, utilization, taste Production, access, cooking, stability Availability, access, utilization, stability
Availability, access, utilization, stability
What is an example of a solution to reduce the "short-termism" of politicians? Organizing more elections Increase media scrutiny of politicians. By setting up an independent agency with its own structural financing and legal protection. By increasing multi-annual budget reservations from different ministries for specific sustainability projects.
By setting up an independent agency with its own structural financing and legal protection.
Alternative food systems are usually 'alternative' in the sense of paying attention to which of the following? The efficiency of food production. Innovation in the food supply chain. The profitability of food products. Direct relationships between producers and consumers.
Direct relationships between producers and consumers.
How can food labelling be improved to make it more effective at promoting sustainable food consumption?
E.g. more specificity in messaging, improving label design, for example by reducing the amount of information on product labels, or regulating the information that packaging can contain.
Which of the following examples is NOT a very short supply chain? Subsistence farming Farmers' markets Buying at a farm Eating at your local fast food restaurant
Eating at your local fast food restaurant
What are weaknesses of pricing strategies for promoting sustainable consumption? Effects of pricing strategies often hit poorer people harder than richer ones. Pricing strategies are not effective at changing people's behaviour. Food price interventions always lead to inefficiencies that any of their benefits for promoting sustainable consumption. None of the options given is correct.
Effects of pricing strategies often hit poorer people harder than richer ones.
What has been the role of Fairtrade in making food systems more sustainable?
Fairtrade certification has primarily addressed negative social impacts from global food trade and has recently begun to target environmentally-unsustainable practices too.
True or false: Eco-chic is a lifestyle with "a nostalgic longing for times when things were less complex" and that promotes sustainable consumption.
False
What is a food deficit country? A food surplus country?
Food deficit countries are those that do not produce enough food to feed their population and may require importing food. Food surplus countries produce enough food to feed their population and export food.
Which of the following may be a powerful driver of more sustainable food consumption? Collective action problems Food scares The attitude-behaviour gap The fact that so many policy makers, NGOs, and businesses are involved in food production and consumption.
Food scares
How do food supply chains and food systems differ? Food supply chains and food systems are the same; they are two different words for the same thing Food systems are part of food supply systems Food supply chains are a part of food systems
Food supply chains are a part of food systems
Why are time horizons a source of boundary conflicts in food governance? Food sustainability is a problem that needs long-term solutions that are slow to implement and take effect; these clash with the short-term interests of politicians. The long time-horizons of politicians make short term innovation and risk investments in sustainability projects particularly difficult. Small agribusinesses are not able to compete with larger companies on a longer period. However, they are more competitive in the short term.
Food sustainability is a problem that needs long-term solutions that are slow to implement and take effect; these clash with the short-term interests of politicians.
What are sovereign food systems? Food systems controlled by multinational corporations Food systems controlled by the people who produce, distribute and consume food Food systems controlled by national governments Food systems controlled by retailers
Food systems controlled by the people who produce, distribute and consume food
In the context of food governance, what is meant by framing? Framing refers to the activity of selecting certain stakeholders and policy options with the goals of influencing the decision making process Framing refers to the capability of stakeholders to put a small policy problem into a broader more general perspective. Framing is an activity that refers to the attempts by stakeholders to select and highlight specific aspects of an issue and their importance
Framing is an activity that refers to the attempts by stakeholders to select and highlight specific aspects of an issue and their importance
Your grandmother does not like the food offered in the cafeteria of her assisted living home and you are afraid she will not eat. You have leftovers from dinner that you bring to her. She is overjoyed and offers you a bit of money for your expenses. You decline, reassuring her that it is your pleasure. This is an example of what? Supplementary feeding Balanced reciprocity SNAP Generalized reciprocity None of the options given is correct
Generalized reciprocity
If an energy company uses an image of a windmill as its logo while less than 10% of its energy is wind-driven and over 90% is derived from coal and fossil fuels, this is called which of the following? Green advertising Greenwashing Land grabbing
Greenwashing
In which of the following situations might providing food aid in the form of cash be preferable to in-kind? If recipients are suffering in the wake of a hurricane, when local infrastructure has been destroyed. If recipients live in reasonable safe conditions in medium-sized towns with decent infrastructure. If recipients live in very remote rural locations, far from local markets. None of the options given is correct.
If recipients live in reasonable safe conditions in medium-sized towns with decent infrastructure.
Beyond (bounded) rationality, what alternative models for human decision-making can you think of?
In some cases, it seems more accurate to describe people's decisions as driven by emotions, considerations of appropriateness, as people act in ways that they think are normal; or simply as the result of authority, when someone tells someone else what to do.
In classical economics, private property rights lead to which of the following? Ownership bias. Fewer collective action problems. Greater demand. Innovation.
Innovation.
Mainstream food systems are based on which of the following? Artisanal food processing and small-scale retail shops selling sustainable foods in the centre of the city Intensive, small-scale, local production Intensive use of technology, producing at a large scale to have the most efficient form of food production Key staple foods: rice, wheat, maize and cassava
Intensive use of technology, producing at a large scale to have the most efficient form of food production
How does price affect food consumption? Are the effects of food prices the same for everyone? If not, why?
Main point: this depends on the price sensitivity of particular consumers for particular products. This differs from person to person, and in different contexts; and while there are patterns, these are difficult to predict.
What is the difference between mainstream and alternative food systems?
Mainstream food systems are oriented towards the most efficient form of food provisioning for a growing global population (Lang et al, 2009). They mainly consists of intensive farming producing food that is processed by industries and distributed via supermarkets. Alternative food systems are characterized by a concern with quality and are usually 'alternative' in the sense of paying specific attention to aspects such as organic, fair trade, and local, particularly valuing direct relationships between producer and consumer
Which of the following correctly completes this statement: organic food is... Locally sourced from small farms More nutritious than conventionally produced food More environmentally sustainable than conventionally produced food. None of the options given are correct.
None of the options given are correct.
What is an example of a food aid programme designed to promote both food security and food sustainability at the same time? USAID emergency food aid to Haiti SNAP PNAE The Langar soup kitchen
PNAE
Which of the following assumptions is not true for the Prisoner's Dilemma? Players know the rules of the game and the different outcomes in the payoff matrix. The game is non-cooperative. Players are rational and want the shortest possible sentence. Players know the moves of the other players.
Players know the moves of the other players.
What is the general composition of a food supply chain? Research - field experiment - farming Production - processing - distribution Agricultural policy - nutrition policy - consumer awareness raising Food policy - agriculture - food consumption
Production - processing - distribution
One of Ostrom's 8 principles for effective natural resource management is 'graduated sanctions'. What does this mean? There should be congruence between appropriation rules, provision rules, and the resource system. External governments should not challenge the right of local users to create their own institutions and sanctions. Monitoring and sanctioning should be done by members of the community or by people accountable to those members. Sanctions increase with the severity or repetition of violations.
Sanctions increase with the severity or repetition of violations.
What does the case study of Maasai rangeland privatization teach you about the strengths and limitations of collective action models?
Some version of: privatization is leading to fragmentation of communal lands (i.e. parts of the range lands are fenced-off for private use), which limit the movement of animals and compromise the key strategy to pastoral success in environments where grazing and water resources are scattered variably and unpredictably across a vast landscape. This illustrates the limits of (poorly conceived) privatisation as a strategy for enhancing food production and food security in a context where these depend on pastoralism.
Food aid is defined as any voluntary transfer of money or food items that is aimed to increase food security of a specific population. Which pillar(s) of food security does it aim to improve? Availability and access Stability, availability, access, and utilization Access Utilization, stability, and access
Stability, availability, access, and utilization
In some contexts, farmers are food insecure only in certain parts of the year (e.g. outside of the harvest season). If food aid is delivered in cash to those farmers in the months that they are food secure, this is an example of a(n): Incentives problem Targeting problem Principal-agent problem All of the options given are correct
Targeting problem
Which four factors make food sustainability a wicked governance problem? Technical complexity, changing diets, the local trap, and food price volatility Technical complexity, food demand, short-termism, and lobbying. Technical complexity, stakeholder involvement, boundary conflicts, and adaptation.
Technical complexity, stakeholder involvement, boundary conflicts, and adaptation.
What has been suggested as one of the main reasons for the successes of more sustainable Brazilian soy governance between 2006 and 2014? Rapid soybean expansion Brazilian dictatorship The Soy Moratorium Reduced global demand for soy
The Soy Moratorium
Which of the following most accurately depicts the trends in international food aid flows in the first decade of the 21st century? The absolute amount of international food aid has remained constant, % of food aid given in the form of international programme aid has decreased, and % of direct transfer procurement has increased. The absolute amount of international food aid has reduced, % of food aid given international programme aid has decreased, and % of direct transfer procurement has decreased. The absolute amount of international food aid has remained constant, % of food aid given as international programme aid has increased, and % of direct transfer procurement has decreased. The absolute amount of international food aid has increased, % of food aid given as international programme aid has remained constant, and % of direct transfer procurement has increased.
The absolute amount of international food aid has reduced, % of food aid given international programme aid has decreased, and % of direct transfer procurement has decreased.
Knowledge of local political-economic conditions and information about the behaviour of middlemen and the impacts of food aid are crucial to prevent negative impacts on recipient incentives. Domestic and informal forms of food aid are therefore less likely to negatively impact recipients. Can you explain this connection?
The distance between donor and recipient is generally shorter in domestic and informal forms of food aid compared to international food aid; thus the principal-agent problems are (on average) less severe.
What is the definition of price sensitivity? The extent to which people prefer more expensive products The extent to which the price of a particular good rises with increasing demand for it. The extent to which prices affect a consumer's valuation of a product's attractiveness
The extent to which prices affect a consumer's valuation of a product's attractiveness
What are the four pillars of food security, and what do they encompass?
The four pillars including availability, access, utilization and stability. Availability relates to the supply-side of food including food production, stocks and trade. Access including the ways that households obtain food and includes physical and economic access. Utilization involves how the body digests food, food preparation, food safety and health. And stability is the foundation of the other three pillars.
Which of the following statements about current global food production is true? We do not produce enough food to feed the global population The majority of the world's agriculture is supplied by smallholder farmers We trade almost all the food that we produce around the world Most farms in the world are large and produce the majority of our world's agricultural products
The majority of the world's agriculture is supplied by smallholder farmers
What is the 'local trap'? The notion that local food systems are by default more sustainable than non-local food systems. The fact that products with a 'local' label are more expensive than similar products without the label. The notion that local foods are unsustainable. The notion that local food systems cannot produce for large groups of consumers.
The notion that local food systems are by default more sustainable than non-local food systems.
The 2007/2008 global spike in food prices triggered food systems thinking, because of which of the following? The problem was complex and systemic. The price shifts were global. The crisis increased poverty around the world. The causes were found in the technological basis of the conventional agricultural practices.
The problem was complex and systemic.
Confirmation bias refers to which of the following? A situation in which the way in which a problem is posed affects the solutions people come up with. Taking into account only information that people have recently been exposed to. The use of rules of thumb that help us think more efficiently. The selective gathering and neglecting of (or giving undue weight to) information in order to support a previously held belief.
The selective gathering and neglecting of (or giving undue weight to) information in order to support a previously held belief.
What are the risks of food aid provision in terms of the incentives of recipient societies?
Theft; local food market distortions; aid dependency; reducing long term food security (e.g. by prolonging wars).
What is an essential characteristic of network governance? It implies both horizontal and vertical relationships between stakeholders All stakeholders in the network have equal amount of power There is no clear hierarchy in the governance process Coordination is achieved by coercion
There is no clear hierarchy in the governance process
What are some negative and positive aspects of processing foods?
This answer could be diverse but should include things such as the environmental impact of processing (e.g. energy use), as well as the potential nutritional benefits of processing (e.g. freezing fruits and vegetables for easy transport, consumption out of season).
Is education a public good? Yes. No. This is a difficult question, but it is clear that education has positive externalities. The answer depends on the level of education you focus on.
This is a difficult question, but it is clear that education has positive externalities.
Do you think the three types of food aid could be combined to enhance food aid efficacy? Why (not)?
This should be a discussion question and should include a good description of some strengths and weaknesses of different aid strategies.
How can social/geographical distance between donors and recipients compromise the efficacy of food aid?
Through principal-agent problems.
_____________ represents particular food system challenges, including increased meat consumption and higher consumption of processed foods. The increasing rural population Urbanisation The increasing market power of agribusiness The rise of 'local' food
Urbanisation
How can the following governance challenges be addressed?
Value conflicts: including fewer stakeholders (or managing their interactions more carefully) Boundary conflicts: by reorganisation, either by combining previously separate units (e.g. for geographical or scale conflicts) or by dividing units into separate ones (e.g. for timescale conflicts) Communication blockages: including more stakeholders, or mixing stakeholders in different ways in the process of policy making Shifting circumstances: using pilot projects; emergency protocols; careful monitoring and 'learning by doing'; and organising governance flexibly so it can be adapted to new circumstances.
Which group is most vulnerable to changes in micronutrients and other essential components of food? The aged The working-aged Young children
Young children
Which of the following examples is a case of free riding? a student does not want to help another student with an individual essay for the class they take together. a group of students decide collectively not to clean up their common room. a group of students fails to submit a group paper because no one takes the initiative. All of the options provided are correct.
a group of students fails to submit a group paper because no one takes the initiative.
What are the core building blocks food supply chains and of food systems? How do they differ?
a. Food supply chains: The sequences of organisations and processes involved in production, processing and distribution of food items b. Systems: People, institutions, activities and infrastructures involved in producing and consuming food c. Chains are part of systems, which are more-encompassing and often more complex.
If you analyse the case of overfishing as a collective action problem as a prisoner's dilemma, what would you suggest as solutions based on the premises of the model? Would these solutions change if you think the situation reflects free riding, or Hardin's mechanisms?
a. For prisoner's dilemma: Alter payoff matrix to incentivise cooperation over defection; Change critical interaction patterns, e.g. by facilitating repeat-interactions. b. For free riding: Privatisation: make benefits excludable and costs individual; Monitoring and third-party coercion: increase costs of non-cooperation; Reduce group size (decentralise). c. For Hardin: Privatisation: make costs individual; Third-party coercion: create short-term, individual costs to non-cooperation; Information campaigns: emphasize the impact of the long-term costs
Can you give examples of how nudging can be used to promote more sustainable food consumption? What are the ethical dilemma's involved with this technique?
a. Nudging involves the use of people's cognitive boundaries, biases, and other weaknesses using small interventions that subtly incentivize particular forms of behaviour (Reisch et al. 2013; Hansen 2016). For example, supermarkets could promote vegetable consumption by designating one part of their shopping carts as vegetables-only (see Figure 11.9.A), or promoting waste reduction via a colour-coded recycling station (see Figure 11.9.B) (Thompson 2013). To further illustrate, a study was recently conducted to measure fruit consumption in two schools in the U.S. (Lehner et al. 2016). In the first, cafeteria workers gave a verbal prompt to children by asking whether they would like to add fruit or juice to their lunch. No verbal prompt was provided in the second. Compared to no verbal prompt 70% of the children consumed a piece of fruit in the first school compared to less than 40% in the second. There is increasing evidence that nudges such as these are highly effective, and they are relatively easy and cheap to implement. For example, the UK's Behavioural Insights Team has suggested that applying a colour coded system to food to indicate the amount of salt, fat, sugar, and calories in the product as a percentage of your total recommended daily intake, may promote healthier consumption (see Figure 11.10). b. Given its reliance on subconscious responses rather than conscious consideration, however, nudging has raised an ethical debate about how appropriate it is in different situations (Hausman and Welch 2010; Hansen 2016). The main problem here is that nudging involves implicit manipulation of people's behaviour; but if people are not aware of it, who decides if it is acceptable manipulation or not?
Can you explain, with example, all three faces of power?
a. Power is defined as the ability of one person, group, or organisation to influence the behaviour of others in pursuit of their interests b. Power is often said to have three 'faces', or ways in which it can operate (Lukes 2004). The first face of power is present in situations where explicit decisions need to be made and determines who gets to influence the outcome of the decision-making process. The second face precedes the first, in a way, by determining what decisions make it onto the agenda and, conversely, which issues never get discussed in the first place. The third face involves the capacity of one person to influence what others think or want. Think of a television celebrity who has enough charisma and public exposure to convince people that what he says is true - irrespective of what they themselves might think or want. With the third face, powerful people or organisations can shape outcomes without even having to think about agenda setting or explicit decision making. c. As an example, think back to Chapter 11: Consumption and the basic decision consumers have to make in the supermarket: do I buy sustainable products or not? The first face of power might involve a parent checking their children's shopping basket and forcing those who have bought unsustainable products to return them to the shelf. The second face of power shows up when the store manager of the supermarket decides to remove all unsustainable products from the shelves, thus taking the decision 'off the agenda' of the shopping consumer. The third face of power, finally, could be the store manager working with a local celebrity to convince consumers that they should buy sustainably.
Explain how roads can be all four different types of goods.
a. Public: well-maintained highways free and open to anyone (nonexcludable, nondepletable) b. Club: roads in a private golf club (excludable, nondepletable) c. CPR: dirt roads in a poor community (nonexcludable, depletable) d. Private: a single-lane driveway to a house (excludable, depletable)
What challenges cause the wickedness of food sustainability? Does it mean it is unachievable?
a. Technical complexity, stakeholder involvement, boundary conflicts, and adaptation. b. In principle, it is achievable; just really, really hard. Some interpretations of wickedness, however, imply that wicked problems cannot be 'solved' but can only be addressed partially.
Can you define and give examples of international food aid, domestic food assistance, and community food sharing?
a. When governments voluntarily transfer resources to enhance food security of recipients across national borders, we call that international food aid - example: USAID food aid to Syrian refugees. b. Governments can also transfer resources to enhance food security of their own citizens (or residents); this is called domestic food assistance. Example: SNAP food stamps in the US. c. Food sharing through social networks (communities) happens all around the world and for many different reasons. In many cases, it may only serve to build relationships (e.g. sharing cake with your neighbours) or to diversify diets (e.g. exchanges of different food between farmers) and as such thus not constitute food aid. But in other cases, sharing is also aimed at enhancing food security. Although systematic research is scarce, sharing-as-food-aid occurs in high- and low-income countries and appears to be particularly common in situations where other forms of food aid are not available or accessible, for example because governments do not provide well-targeted food aid, or where donors cannot reach those in need (e.g. in civil wars).
What is the correct order of the policy making cycle? agenda setting, policy formulation, decision making, implementation, evaluation agenda setting, decision making, policy formulation, evaluation, implementation agenda setting, implementation, evaluation, policy formulation, decision making agenda setting, policy formulation, decision making, evaluation, implementation.
agenda setting, decision making, policy formulation, evaluation, implementation,
Boundary conflicts arise when: different parts of the same organisation engage with the same issue, but without effective coordination attempts are made by stakeholders to select and highlight specific aspects of an issue and highlight their importance governance systems are adapting to their natural environment without losing existing expertise. All three options above are correct.
different parts of the same organisation engage with the same issue, but without effective coordination
Is local food always more sustainable than food produced elsewhere? Explain.
i. That it is not quite clear what 'local' means; and ii. That even if it is defined as geographical proximity, local food is not necessarily more sustainable than 'distant' food as food miles generally do not make up a large portion of the overall emissions of a food product.
The attitude-behaviour gap explains which of the following? why people do not know enough about environmental impacts of food to make sustainable choices why people have beliefs about the environmental impacts of food that make them eat unsustainably why people choose unsustainable food even if they say they do not. All of the options given are correct.
why people choose unsustainable food even if they say they do not.