geography
Well over 90% of the total land area of Egypt is arid desert and thus of no significant use for agriculture, and as a result of rapid population growth the ability of the impressive agricultural resource base adjacent to the Nile to feed an ever-expanding population has been seriously put to the test in recent years.
flase
Given that the vast majority of the white, Indian/Asian, and 'colored' population were already residing in urban areas, it has primarily been black South Africans who have participated in the internal migration from rural to urban areas since 1994.
true
In 2017, the fertility rate in China had fallen to 1.6 per female, which ranks China in the same group as Japan at 1.4 and the European Union at 1.6. However, because China has a relatively youthful population age structure, the momentum of growth will continue for longer than in either Japan or Europe.
true
In 2018, the levels of CO2 in the atmosphere reached the 'landmark' figure of 405 ppm; a figure that is expected to increase by 2 ppm per year and which is 10,000 times more rapid than what might be expected from 'natural' events.
true
In the 2011 census, London recorded a resident 'white British' population that was less than half of the total:
true
The following diagram illustrates the 'mature stage' of which of the following cloud types.
Cumulonimbus cloud
Deregulation of coffee production has succeeded in stabilizing world market prices.
false
About 99% of the private sector workforce in Qatar is composed of non-citizens with migrants now making up 94% of the entire workforce of the country.
true
Polynesian peoples eventually migrated throughout the vast ocean region of the Pacific, with the islands of Hawaii the last major area to be settled about 750 years ago.
false
Qatar has experienced a reversal from being one of the poorest countries within the Gulf region in the 1950's to one that now has a GDP per person of in excess of $120,000 per year.
false
The International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and the World Trade Organization all emerged from the Bretton Woods Agreement of 1944
false
The International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and the World Trade Organization all emerged from the Bretton Woods Agreement of 1944.
false
The actual number of Qatari citizens has been estimated to be around 300,000, and as a result Qatar is a country in which its citizens are a statistical minority, with the largest single group composed of immigrants from Saudi Arabia.
false
The declining Japanese economy has played a role in a cultural shift as corporations have found it necessary to significantly reduce many employee benefits, such as huge retirement bonuses and financial incentives. This has weakened the ties between employee and company that in former times often resulted in a life- long working relationship.
false
The diagram below shows that the largest reservoirs of methane are found in the southern hemisphere.
false
The first great city of Uruk, dates as far back as 4,500 years and at that time contained approximately 100,000 people and continued for hundreds of years to be adequately supported by an agricultural community of around the same number
false
The following diagram is a 'choropleth' map that details the major events in Napoleon's ill-fated Russian Campaign of 1812
false
The following image shows a relatively small family run restaurant in London. Although it is an Indian restaurant, it is most probably operated by a Pakistani family.
false
The following image shows a tattooist at work. This is an increasingly popular form of body-art in Japan and has become generally accepted as an expression of popular culture.
false
The following map details the migration of humankind from a source region in East Africa with the beginning of this movement estimated to have been about 60,000 to 70,000 years ago
false
The following map identifies the major dialects of Japan with the green shaded area representing those regions that have a distinct Kansai dialect
false
The following map shows global sea surface temperatures with the northerly swing in the isotherms in the North Atlantic a result of the cooling effect of the North Atlantic Drift.
false
The marshland vegetation sequence is evident with darker shades of green-brown denoting middle-upper marsh and the yellow tones identify the areas of pioneer marsh
false
The most significant aspect of the Qatari population pyramid as seen in the image below is that it is heavily skewed to reveal a huge imbalance in the male to female ratio. This is due to the fact that the immigrant community is predominantly composed of female workers
false
The most significant aspect of the Qatari population pyramid as seen in the image below is that it is heavily skewed to reveal a huge imbalance in the male to female ratio. This is due to the fact that the immigrant community is predominantly composed of female workers.
false
The photograph below highlights the lower atmosphere at dawn. The lowest layer, colored orange, is called the tropopause and the depth of this lowest band is a fairly constant 10 miles from the Earth's surface.
false
The result of the phenomenon known as the 'Coriolis Effect' is that air masses and ocean currents are deflected to the left in the northern hemisphere.
false
The situation of Singapore became more important as the trade between Europe and Asia dramatically increased after the opening of the Panama Canal in 1869 and Singapore has continued to be the world's major freight container port.
false
The vast majority of the population of Japan follows a philosophy based on a combination of Confucianism and Buddhism.
false
Vast gold and diamond reserves in the interior of South Africa as well as enormous agricultural potential, especially in the cultivation of sugar cane in the Natal region, proved to be significant 'intervening opportunities' for 'white' settlement in South Africa.
false
Would you expect the following graph that illustrates annual temperatures to represent a location.
far away from an ocean
The following map details the migration of humankind from a source region in East Africa with the beginning of this movement estimated to have been about 60 to 70,000 years ago:
fasle
The 'geographic grid' is a system that employs lines of intersection to precisely locate a specific position on the Earth's surface. In total there are 180 degrees of latitude (degrees north added to degrees south) and 180 degrees of longitude (degrees east added to degrees west)
flase
The economic opportunities of South Africa have encouraged large-scale movements of people from all over the region and especially to take advantage of the economy of the urban areas of Johannesburg, Soweto, and Pretoria as well as the mining region of the Witwatersrand. Using the map below to help, identify the province in which these places are located.
gauteng
Which of the colored lines represents the proven gas reserves of Qatar.
green line
The Greenland and Antarctica ice sheets are currently losing ice at an unprecedented level. Which of the two ice sheets accounts for the largest amount of this loss.
greenland
It is estimated that by 1800 the population of Britain was about 11 million and yet over the next one hundred years this figure increased to a staggering 41 million. As a result during most of the 19th century Britain would have been in which stage of the 'Demographic Transition Model.'
stage 2
Sparke considers that the idea of a 'level playing field' as a world-view is in essence a misleading representation of economic geography; it is a "...view that hides the vast asymmetries of wealth, poverty, power and vulnerability across the planet, and it is a view that, conceals the dominance of the United States within the context of contemporary globalization.". As a result, there are many regions of the world that continue to operate on the peripheral margins of the global economy.
true
The steepest slopes on a contour map can be readily identified because
the lines are closer to one another
The large-scale destruction of infrastructure as a result of conflict in the first half of the 20th century lead to a dislocation of the global economy and impeded the process of globalization. It took many years to recover from these conflicts with economist Paul Krugman estimating that world trade as a share of world output did not recover to its 1913 level until which of the following periods.
the mid-1970s
The diagram below would best represent which of the following times of year with reference to the Northern Hemisphere.
the winter solstice december 21
Starbucks cafés in China are much larger and more upscale than their American counterparts, and the five-star interior fittings and luxurious décor have been designed to appeal to the rapidly growing and increasingly more affluent Chinese middle class.
true
The 'Berlin Wall' was to prove a success in keeping people in, rather than in keeping people out of East Germany as the number of migrants who 'officially' attempted to cross the border significantly decreased after it was built.
true
The 'yakuza' are generally involved in illegal activities and this huge criminal organization is currently headquartered in Tokyo by the Yamaguchi-gumi syndicate.
true
The Chinese diaspora may well perceive 'Chinatown' to be an important central space that represents both their cultural and economic prominence in the city, but it does not function as the core area of residence for London's Chinese population
true
The Japanese tourist industry has witnessed significant growth over the last decade with some 28 million international visitors in 2017, representing a contribution of approximately $40 billion in revenue.
true
The Mongol armada's of Kublai Khan were defeated in both of their attempts to conquer Japan by the weather, as on both occasions in 1274 and again in 1281 it was primarily typhoon events that were responsible for defeating the invading forces.
true
The area of Amazon rainforest is about twice the size of India, and houses 10% of the world's known biodiversity, including many endangered species of flora and fauna
true
By dating sediments on the ocean floor, it is possible to accurately estimate the dates of past earthquakes, and it would appear that over the past 10,000 years there has been an average of one in every 250 years and, given that the last such event took place in 1700, it would appear that the region may now be 'due' for its next big earthquake
true
Chinese cuisine has gradually become established as one of the most popular food types in the UK and as a result there are now more Chinese restaurants in the U.K. than either Indian restaurants, or fish and chip shops.
true
Chinese suppliers for Apple products not only had government support to underwrite costs, but they also had warehouse space available, could quickly build on-site dormitories next to the factory complex to accommodate workers and, perhaps more importantly, the Chinese contractors were able to immediately provide thousands of engineers to supervise and train the workforce. All of these factors worked as 'comparative advantages' for manufacturing to be located in China
true
Close to 1.1 million foreign students attended university in the USA in 2017 with the largest group from China, followed by students from India.
true
Concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere in 1880 were around 290 ppm, with a mean global temperature of about 57°F (14°C).
true
Ethnographic cartography of the interwar period may have made a forceful statement of Germany's view of its position in a changing Europe, but the delimitation of national boundaries based on ethnicity was nothing more than an arbitrary proposal.
true
From Tokyo westward across the Kanto Plain toward Osaka and Kobe and further west to Fukuoka offers the traveler a view of the intense levels of population density to be found in this part of southern Honshu with this megalopolis, stretching from Tokyo to Fukuoka containing almost 75% of the entire population of Japan.
true
Global warming in recent years has increased ocean surface temperatures in the Indian Ocean by 2°C, and a number of climate models predict that monsoon rainfall could increase by 5-10% of present totals.
true
In 1911, about 21% of the total population was classified as white with the black community representing 67% of the total and yet by 2017 the white percentage had declined to only 8.5%.
true
In 1958, before the revolution, life expectancy in Cuba was 55 years, and it has now increased to 78 years with infant mortality rates falling from 80 per 1,000 live births to 4.4 per 1,000 births today. Improvements in health care have elevated Cuban standards to equivalent levels as those experienced in the USA. However, expenditure by the Cuban health care system is $800 per person compared to over $9,000 per person in the United States.
true
In 2014, the levels of CO2 in the atmosphere reached the 'landmark' figure of 400 ppm; a figure that is expected to increase by 2 ppm per year and which is 10,000 times more rapid than what might be expected from 'natural' events
true
Increased ocean acidity gives rise to lower aragonite levels which means that it is harder for marine creatures to produce their skeletons and shells, with the largest decreases occurring in the tropics.
true
Infrared satellite images are especially useful to identify aspects of vegetation cover and are considered to be 'false color' images.
true
It is very difficult to secure shelf space in large supermarkets and the policy known as 'slotting fees' has made self-space a precious and expensive commodity that is an unattainable dream for many smaller sized suppliers of non-branded goods
true
Japan is one of the safest countries in the world and has a very low crime rate in categories ranging from petty street misdemeanors to murder. The rate of intentional homicides in Japan in 2011 stood at around 0.3 per 100,000, which compared more than favorably to the USA rate of 4.7 per 100,000.
true
London is considered to be one of, if not the most important center of commerce in the world, which is largely due to the city's role in global financial markets, in banking and insurance activities, as well as in securities companies.
true
Maps created in Germany from the early 1920s focused on the twin concepts of 'Kulturboden' (areas of Europe that revealed the stamp of German endeavor) and 'Volksboden' (areas inhabited by German speaking people) with Austria falling into the 'Volksboden' category.
true
Mecca is home to the Ka'aba and is consequently regarded as the most holy site of the Islamic faith. It is a place of pilgrimage, and all able Muslims are obliged to take part in this event, known as the Hajj, at least once in their lifetime.
true
Most of the glaciers in the world are currently experiencing recession, such as both the Upsala Glacier and the Perito Moreno Glacier in Patagonia, Argentina.
true
Orographic, or relief rainfall occurs when moist air must rise over a mountain barrier. In so doing, the air is cooled with subsequent condensation and precipitation.
true
Recent research at Oregon State University conducted by marine geologist Chris Goldfinger, has identified that there is a more than one-in-three chance that a major earthquake will occur off the coast of the Pacific Northwest within the next 50 years.
true
Since the mid-20th century, the actual amount of deforestation in the Amazon has been a matter of debate though it is generally estimated to be somewhere between 10-25%, with about 90% of the forest cleared since 1970 used for pasture.
true
South Africa's 'colored' community generally rejects their African heritage and willingly adopts both the Afrikaner language and the Dutch Reformed Church.
true
Earthquake magnitude is based on a logarithmic scale that identifies that for each whole number increase in magnitude, the amplitude of ground motion recorded on a seismograph will increase by a factor of ten. Therefore, an earthquake with a magnitude of 7.0 would have 100 times that of a 5.0 earthquake.
True
Historically, the largest earthquakes have occurred in the northern section of the Cascadia Subduction Zone, and these tend to rupture the entire fault with slightly less violent but more frequent events in the southern segment of the fault zone.
True
More cyclones form in the western Pacific region than anywhere else on Earth with this region averaging about 20 cyclones every year. However, the most at risk of all regions on Earth are adjacent to the funnel-shaped Bay of Bengal in South Asia.
True
The Mid-Atlantic Ridge transects the island of Iceland from southwest to northeast with huge amounts of basalt magma from a 'Hot Spot' in the upper mantle responsible for building the island.
True
The success of reducing global poverty since 2000 has been impressive, although it must be considered that China was singularly responsible for most of this achievement as it pulled millions people out of poverty. Recent research such as the Oxford Initiative's Multidimensional Poverty Index indicates that the world is more impoverished than previously thought with this 'extremely poor' group represented by 1.6 billion people rather than the United Nations' figure of 1.2 billion.
True
Radiometric dating techniques have established that rocks of more than 3.5 billion years in age can be found on all of the Earth's continental areas. The oldest minerals that have been analyzed to date are about 4.4 billion years old and are from which region?
Western Australia
Chinese expeditions undertaken by the authority of the Emperor of China and under the command of Zheng He took place at almost the same time as Columbus's voyages, but they did not discover any lands beyond the Asian region.
false
Fewer and fewer young Japanese men and women are entering into marriage, which has consequently impacted the already low fertility rates that are a notable feature of Japan's demography. Japan has now one of the lowest fertility rates in the world with a national average of only 2.4 children born per female.
false
Goode's popular 'Homolosine projection' is often described as looking rather like 'washing hanging on a line to dry.'
false
If the world's total population consumed as much the average American citizen, it would take the equivalent of about two Earths to sustainably support everyone with the ecological footprint for the world's population currently estimated at around 1.5 planets to provide the resources and absorb the waste of all of the world's population.
false
In 1853, American Commodore Matthew Perry sailed his four vessels into Tokyo Bay. This event proved to be a prelude to the 'Meiji Restoration' that began in the following year.
false
In 2014, a reported 94% of the population of China was located in the 43% of the territory to the west of the so-called 'Hu Huanyong Line'
false
India and China produce 35% of the global banana yield and are the major exporters of this commodity.
false
On the following diagram the black triangles on the black line best identifies the location of a 'divergent plate boundary.'
false
Pakistan started a comprehensive family planning program in 1975 and has achieved significant results that suggest that the country will now move much more quickly through 'Stage 3 of the Demograhic Transition Model.'
false
Places such as Barcelona, the Canary Islands and the Mediterranean islands of Mallorca and Malaga are popular destinations for those of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender community (LGBT) with the resort town of Sitges located to the south of Valencia considered to be the largest LGBT vacation resort in the world.
false
How long ago was the peak of the last ice age
18,500 years ago
The term 'gentrification'; is used to describe particular types of urban renewal that occur when relatively low property prices of an older inner-city neighborhood begin to attract new owners who are intent upon investing heavily in the property in order to significantly increase its value. Which of the following would you not associate with a neighborhood that had recently undergone the process of 'gentrification.'
'Dollar Stores' and boarded-up storefronts
Nelson Mandela and others, such as Bishop Desmond Tutu, Trevor Huddleston, and Thabo Mbeki, maneuvered the black community toward equality, secured the legality of the African National Congress, and established a foothold that propelled black South Africans to power in which of the following years.
1994
Japan is generally considered to have a very low obesity rate; however, the incidence of obesity in Japan is not perhaps what it might seem. The health systems in most countries identify obesity as the physical condition when a person has a 'body mass index' (BMI) of over 30. However, the Japanese Society for the 'Study of Obesity' recognizes that Asians are more susceptible to health risks associated with excess body fat and so has lowered the 'threshold level' to a BMI of 25. The result is that a much higher percentage of Japanese are now considered to be 'obese.' Which of the following percentages best represents Japan's own identification of those who are considered to be obese.
20%
What percentage of incoming solar radiation is absorbed by the Earth's surface of land and oceans.
51%
New York is a multi-cultural city and in this sense it is an intriguing 'patchwork quilt' of people from all corners of the world. With regard to the ethnic composition of New York which of the following statements is correct.
Almost 50% of the city's entire black ethnic community of 3 million live in Harlem, in Upper Manhattan, and the Borough of Brooklyn
The following graph identifies trends in the 'total fertility rate' by major world regions, which region is colored in yellow.
Africa
The following map shows the location of the top 20 cities in the 2010 Global Cities Index: which of the following major world regions is not represented on the map.
Africa
With regard to the migration of Afrikaners which of the following statements is correct:
As the Afrikaner's moved inland across South Africa they believed that they were moving into vacant land, but in fact the land had been largely deserted as a result of the horrific Bantu wars that were instigated a few years earlier by the Zulu
With close to 21 million international arrivals in 2017, which of the following Asian cities was estimated to have been one of the most visited cities in the world.
Bangkok
In which of the following countries in 2013, did the eight story 'Rana Plaza' factory building collapse, killing 1,134 garment workers and injuring hundreds of others.
Bangladesh
Which of the following countries started a comprehensive family planning program in 1975 with significant results that suggest that the country will now move much more quickly through Stage 3 of the 'Demographic Transition Model.'
Bangladesh
In which European city is the cathedral in the following image located.
Barcelona
The following map identifies European colonial interests in Africa in 1914. Which of the following countries occupied the area shaded in yellow on the map
Belgium
The 'Industrial Revolution', is considered to have begun around 1750 in the United Kingdom and by 1875 Britain had become a major industrial power. With regard to Britain's rise to prominence in world trade which of the following statements is correct
Between 1865 and 1941 of all of the steam locomotives built to operate on the Indian network, less than 10% were manufactured in India, with the remainder imported from British railway engineering yards
The 'Industrial Revolution', is considered to have begun around 1750 in the United Kingdom and by 1875 Britain had become a major industrial power. With regard to Britain's rise to prominence in world trade which of the following statements is correct.
Between 1865 and 1941 of all of the steam locomotives built to operate on the Indian network, less than 10% were manufactured in India, with the remainder imported from British railway engineering yards
The following map shows the 'Gini Index' by country, which of the following countries has the highest levels of income inequality.
Brazil
In 2008, the 'Global Cities Index' (GCI) was created that measured the degree of global engagement that a city possesses in terms of human capital, business activity, information exchange, cultural experience, and political engagement. Which of the following cities was not in the 'top five'.
Buenos Aires
Name the person on the left of the following image
Che Guevara
The following image shows the typical method that was employed to elevate buildings out of disease-ridden mud flats in order to build a system of sewers beneath the raised buildings, in which of the following US cities.
Chicago
The following image is of a typical 'English afternoon tea.' Throughout the 19th century, sales of tea in Britain had gathered in momentum with imports initially from which of the following countries.
China
Which of the following countries produces over 200 million Apple products.
China
By the end of the current century China's projected population will be less than 10% of the global population total and second to that of India.
False
Typically, during a 'Cascadia megathrust' earthquake, these relatively deep events occur when the continental North American plate 'jumps' to the east over the oceanic Juan de Fuca plate from anywhere between 30 to 100 feet.
False ,jumps to the west
Infrared satellite images are especially useful to identify aspects of vegetation cover and are considered to be
False color images
The so-called '7R gene variant' is associated with dopamine which is associated with adventure, pleasure and enjoyment and it has been estimated that around 20% of all human beings have this variant. Would you expect higher percentages of present day migratory cultures to,
Have more dopamine than their sedentary counterparts
With regard to Beck's 'infographic' of the London Underground which of the following statements is correct.
He pursued his quest for simplicity by removing the property of scale altogether
With reference to hurricanes which of the following is a correct statement.
Hurricanes develop from tropical cyclones that form over oceans when water temperatures are above 80°F (27°C) and with wind speeds in excess of 74 mph.
With reference to the region of the 'Sahel' which of the following statements is correct
It has been suggested that desertification is an irreversible process as soil nutrient levels collapse as a result of overgrazing combined with the removal of woody perennial plants for firewood. However, by using simple techniques such as planting trees and perennial grasses on degraded lands, it appears as if the process can be reversed
With reference to air pressure.
It slowly falls with height from the Earth's surface
The following graph shows the estimated percentage of population living in urban areas by major world region from 1950-2050; which of the following regions now has the highest percentage.
Latin America and the Caribbean
Which of the following climate types are found in southern California, central Chile, the southwestern tip of South Africa and the southwest of Australia.
Mediterranean
Which of the following volcanoes along the 'Cascade Volcanic Arc' has been the most active over the last 4,000 years.
Mt. St Helens
High pressure areas north of the Equator give rise to air moving at the surface toward the Equator and the winds are predominantly which of the following.
NE trade winds
With reference to the 1980 eruption of Mt. St. Helens which of the following is a correct statement.
On the morning of the eruption a surge of mantle beneath the volcano created a magnitude 5.1 earthquake that shook the mountain and resulted in a gigantic rockslide and debris avalanche that released pressure and triggered a major pumice and ash eruption from the volcano
Hail will fall to the ground when it becomes large enough to offset the resistance of the updrafts of air. For example, a hailstone reaching a size of 3 inches in diameter will need updrafts of 100 mph to simply keep it aloft and such instability is only likely to occur.
Over areas with low surface temperatures
The satellite image below identifies the border region between which of the following countries.
Pakistan and India
In 2017, Las Vegas had almost as many visitors as which of the following European cities, which was in that same year the most visited destination in the world.
Paris
The following graph illustrates the major immigrant groups in Japan; which of the following identified color keys for the graph would be the correct choice.
Red/Chinese: Blue/Korean: Green/Brazilian
The following image is of an underground limestone cavern that illustrates a number of features produced from the chemical weathering of the limestone. The appendages that look like icicles that hang from the roof of the cavern are called which of the following.
Stalactites
Refer to the following Landsat image of the Kirton-Frampton Saltmarsh and answer the following three questions: Which of the following is a correct statement.
The green shades within geometrical shapes identify the cultivated field boundaries
With regard to an increase in the average age of a society which of the following statement is correct.
The 'dependency ratio' decreases and there is a significant strain on the smaller economically active sector to provide for the needs of a larger dependent sector
With regard to the vast numbers of migrants who have moved from rural to urban areas in China over the last twenty years, identify which of the following statements is correct.
The 'hukou' system is in effect a barrier and obstacle to migration and yet it has not deterred millions of migrants from moving to the manufacturing centers of China
Which of the following statements relating to the major regions of Spain is correct.
The Castilian region is centered on the capital of Madrid and is located in the center of the country
With regard to Cuba, which of the following is a correct statement.
The Cuban government's 'Special Period in Time of Peace' was a program that encouraged the public, under government directives, to seek new and alternative ways to provide for their basic needs
The following graph shows the percentage of the world's population living in urban and rural areas. Which of the following 5-year periods most closely identifies the point when the two lines meet.
The following graph shows the percentage of the world's population living in urban and rural areas. Which of the following 5-year periods most closely identifies the point when the two lines meet.
With regard to the coffee industry which of the following statements is correct.
The coffee supply chain is composed of numerous smallholders with virtually no market power and who receive only 10-25% of the final retail price
The following series of maps all relate to the 'monsoon' and the Indian subcontinent. Identify which of these map presentations is correct.
The following map shows the progression of the monsoon as it moves over the region from north to south as shown by the series of dark blue lines
London became well established as the world's largest city in 1900 with a population of over 4 million. Although mortality rates, especially in large urban areas like London, were exceptionally high they began to fall as public utilities were dramatically improved. Between 1848 and 1854, the death rate in London fell from 23 to 7 deaths per 1,000 people, a staggering statistic for a period of less than a decade. Which of the following measures was largely responsible for the fall in mortality in this particular period of 1848-54.
The installation of closed sewers and the abolition of cesspools
With reference to tornadoes which of the following statements is correct.
The majority of the 1,000 or so tornadoes that form every year in the USA have wind speeds of less than 100 mph and will usually last less than 10 minutes from beginning to end
With regard to China's demography which of the following statements is correct.
The repercussions of China's official manipulation of fertility rates has also resulted in an imbalance in the sex ratio and attendant problems leading to various aspects of social instability
The following photograph is of the Rio Mendoza as it flows out of the Andes Mountains in Argentina. This river has the ability to erode huge channel walls that rise to over 200 feet in height as a result of all except which one of the following.
The river undercuts the cliffs at the inner bends of the channel and they subsequently collapse under their own weight into the channel to be transported downstream
What innovation in transportation allowed for quick movements of fresh milk, fruit, and vegetables into the cities of the UK on a daily basis in the mid to late 1800's.
The steam railway
With regard to 'Pop culture' in Japan which of the following statements is correct.
The term 'J-pop' is reserved only for native Japanese performers
With regard to crossing the International Date Line from Japan to the USA which of the following adjustments in time would be correct.
The time would need to be reset to 24 hours back
The following image shows a section of land adjacent to the River Nile; identify which of the following statements is not an accurate statement with respect to the location of the small villages next to the agricultural land.
The villages are located too far from the fertile land irrigated by the river
Earthquakes give rise to a number of types of 'waves' that move the ground, which of the following is the correct statement regarding such movements.
There are two types of wave that travel through the ground, namely primary, or 'P waves', that are followed by secondary, or 'S waves'
A somewhat unusual trend found in some of the countries of Sub-Saharan Africa is that whenever the total fertility rate falls for a number of years, there is often an interruption followed by a reversal and an upward growth in family size. This phenomenon has occurred in Nigeria, among other countries, and is referred to as a fertility stall with subsequent increases in population growth rates.
True
With regard to the 'One Child Policy' that began in China in 1980 which of the following statements is correct:
To credit all of China's ultimate demographic transition to this official program would be a mistake, as it is clear that the Chinese people themselves had already started the process of reducing fertility rates over a decade earlier
In the foreground of the following image is a blue colored Lada, this car is still very popular in Cuba and along with thousands of others was imported from which of the following countries.
USSR
The largest number of aftershocks in the three days following the Tohoku earthquake of 2011 were mostly located on the.
east
The following diagram identifies the emission into the atmosphere of carbon dioxide by major world countries/regions. Which of the following currently discharges the greatest amount.
china
With regard to Mercator's map projection and his alignment of the lines of latitude and longitude, which of the following countries would you expect to be most exaggerated in size
ecuador
Which of the following three diagrams is known as the Keeling Curve, and has proved to be a compelling piece of evidence that has focused interest on the impact of humankind's activities (referred to as anthropogenic) on the atmospheric composition of CO2.
diagram b
A recent poll conducted by a national magazine revealed that 40.5% of respondents in the 30 to 40 year old age group saw little merit in marriage, and so it would seem that there is little hope of any significant increase in the current rate. To offset these trends the more relaxed attitude in Japan to those who give birth outside of marriage is somewhat similar to the situation in European countries and helps to explain why the number of babies born has remained constant over the last decade.
false
Although it is extremely difficult to be precise regarding the numbers killed as a direct result of interstate conflict, most major conflicts prior to the 20th century were fought between opposing armed forces with very limited civilian death rates recorded as a result of such conflict.
false
As Bantu peoples migrated across the region of southern Africa they avoided areas that were free of the tsetse fly.
false
Between the years 1960-2015, the population of Egypt increased from 28 to 82 million and with a current natural increase rate of 2.6%, it is anticipated that it will increase to over 100 million by 2030.
false
Cairo's urban growth has followed the typical pattern of massive rural to urban migration and greater metropolitan area of Cairo now accommodates about 20 million people and is over five times bigger than it was in 1960.
false
Cairo's urban growth has followed the typical pattern of massive rural to urban migration and greater metropolitan area of Cairo now accommodates about 22 million people and is over five times bigger than it was in 1960
false
Chairman Mao meant by his famous quote, "Each stomach comes attached with two hands" that population should be discouraged because it would result in more mouths to feed with a subsequent reduction in economic growth.
false
The actual number of Qatari citizens has been estimated to be around 300,000, which is only 12% of the total population of the country. Thus, Qatar is a country within which its citizens are a statistical minority with the largest single immigrant group from which of the following countries.
india
Would you consider the so-called 'Ten Pound Poms' initiative that was offered by the Australian government to attract potential 'white' migrants to have been.
inventing opportunity for White immigrants
Study the following map and identify the island in which the Ainu culture was able to withstand the pressures imposed by successive waves of colonization of Japan by other ethnic groups.
kyushu
Which one of the following maps showing the distribution of ethnic groups in London does not reveal a significant degree of 'residential preference.'
map a? --> chnages
The so-called 'hikikomori' are generally obsessed with social fears, anxieties, and profound concerns about their future. The longer an individual withdraws, the less chance that he/she will be able to once again engage with the wider society. What is the average age of those who are affected by this disorder:
mid 20s to early 30s
In 2012, the 'Earthquake Research Committee of Japan' estimated that there was a 70% probability of an earthquake with a magnitude of 6.0 occurring beneath Tokyo Bay over which of the following time periods.
next 30 years
Marshallese stick charts were devised to identify ocean swells and currents, wave patterns, and island locations and were used to navigate the great expanses of which of the following oceans
pacific ocean
The following photograph is of a cliff face at Lily Point near Point Roberts, in Washington State. These cliffs were formed when an ice sheet moved over the region during the last ice age and plastered a 40-foot covering of glacial till over the landscape and as the ice melted, this layer was overlain by an additional 300 feet of fluvioglacial sediments that now form the cliffs at Lily Point. As these deposits were not consolidated by the weight of the ice sheet, would you expect them to be.
relatively easily eroded coastal features
Which of the following cities is located in the center of the green circle in the image below
singapore
The transformation from forest to farmland is evident in the following image. The forest is identified by
the darker colored areas
With respect to the relative size of Greenland measured against South America which of the following projections would be the most accurate
the fuller projection
By 1950, the 'industrialized countries' were already well on their way toward a noticeable concentration of their populations residing in urban areas
true
The Hardangerfiord that is featured in the following photograph has a maximum depth of over 2,800 feet; where would you expect to find this depth located.
toward the middle of the fiord
'Orthophotographs' are aerial photographs that have been adjusted for topographic relief and geometrically corrected for scale and distortion. As such, they are especially useful because they can be used to measure true distances.
true
A common type of housing is that found in the older inner areas of Cairo is where very poor dilapidated buildings intermingle with much improved structures in a maze of often poorly built, and even more poorly serviced, neighborhoods
true
A recent 'Gender Gap Report' by the World Economic Forum ranked Japan a lowly 83rd out of the 142 countries surveyed in terms of a series of indicators of female participation in the workforce
true
About 90% of the population of Japan reside in an area that represents just a little more than 10 % of the total land area
true
After over sixty years in exile, a staggering 1.5 million displaced Palestinians still reside in the recognized refugee camps located in surrounding countries, such as Jordan and Lebanon.
true
After the Meiji Restoration, Japan's demographic experience was very similar to that which was experienced in Britain during the 19th century. However, Japan had a more prolonged period of high fertility rates than the British experience with consistent rates of 4 children per female right up until 1950. Together with a dramatic reduction in the death rates in post-war Japan, the country experienced a massive increase in the population well into the mid 1970's. However, fertility rates were to quickly fall and Japan is now experiencing negative growth due to a prolonged period of less than replacement rates.
true
Air movement associated with the Hadley Cell descends down toward the Earth as 'high pressure' at about 30 degrees N and S of the Equator.
true
American 'transnational corporations' have amassed a staggering $2 trillion in 'tax havens' located in places such as Bermuda, Ireland, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and Switzerland with Apple having the largest untaxed foreign earnings of some $250 billion.
true
An apprentice geisha is known as a 'maiko.'
true
An average English Premier League game has a global audience of an estimated 12.3 million viewers, which is more than the next three most popular soccer leagues, namely Italy's Serie A, Spain's La Liga, and the German Bundesliga.
true
Anime embraces a specific style of comic book and graphic novel that dates back to the late 19th century. The popularity of anime soon found another mode of visualization in the form of Japanese animated movies, or manga.
true
Argentina's 'Dirty War' of 1976-1983 was, in effect, a civil war between the right-wing military government, or 'junta', and those who were actively engaged in attempts to reform the system.
true
Around 11,300 years ago, fig trees were cultivated in the Jordan Valley and at the same time in Syria and other regions of the 'Fertile Crescent' harvests of wheat, barley, and peas identified the beginnings of permanently settled rural communities.
true
As the Pacific plate moves in a northwestern direction, the Hawaiian island chain has slowly migrated away from the 'Hot Spot' and as a result the age of the islands increases in age with distance from the big island of Hawaii.
true
Because Latin American culture greatly honors and respects those attributes that are attached to 'motherhood', the women who waited in peaceful protest all day and every day in the Plaza de Mayo in Buenos Aires during the 'Dirty War' effectively became, 'untouchable.'
true
British influence in trade took on a global perspective after 1750 and by 1875 the combined value of British imports and exports exceed the combined totals of France, Germany, China and Japan.
true
The bubonic plague had its origins in Asia and was first recorded in Western Europe in 1347 when an outbreak occurred in the Sicilian port of Messina. It moved northward at a speed of about 3 miles per day and had reached as far as the Arctic Circle by the year 1350. This terrible disease, known as the 'Black Death', was responsible for the deaths of about one third of the entire population of Europe at that time.
true
The choice of the zero degree of latitude is based on the fact that the Equator is the 'longest circle' around the ellipsoidal shape of our Earth and can be quite readily located in the Northern Hemisphere by observing the position of the 'North Star', or Polaris. At the Equator, Polaris appears to be right on the horizon and as you travel north it will be located progressively further above the horizon.
true
The collective name for glacially derived debris is 'glacial drift' and it is subdivided into 'glacial till', which is an unsorted collection of boulders, gravels, sands, and clays that has been deposited primarily by ice; and if the debris has been deposited by the joint actions of ice and water from melt-water streams, it is referred to as fluvioglacial material. Whenever deposits are influenced by the actions of running water, they become more sorted in profile with smaller and medium sized debris, such as clays and sands, deposited over larger-sized pebbles and boulders.
true
The details of future patterns of rural to urban migration in China are made difficult to predict as the pool of available labor that resulted from China's 'demographic dividend' nears its end.
true
The following image is of a Tibetan 'bhavacakra' of the Mahayana Buddhist tradition. It is a symbolic representation of 'samsara', which is the Buddhist belief in a cyclical existence of the 'wheel of life'. This visual representation is believed to have been created by the Buddha himself as a way to explain his teachings. In this respect, it embodies the essence of all maps in that it is attempting to visually represent an aspect of the reality of its creator.
true
The following image is of a highly intensive cooperative farm, of which hundreds are found throughout Cuba's urban areas and together with the so-called 'urban patios' Cuba now has one of the shortest producer-to-consumer supply food chains in the world with fresh and high quality products a feature of urban life.
true
The following image represents the range of wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum with the 'visible' part of the spectrum shown as the colored area, with even shorter wavelengths of energy beyond the 'visible' part of the electromagnetic spectrum, identified as gamma rays, X-rays, and ultra-violet light.
true
The geometrical shapes and linearity of the cultivated field boundaries compared to the random open areas of saltmarsh help to identify the location of the sea wall that separates these two areas
true
The percentage of people living in towns and cities had increased from about 30% of the global total population in 1950 to a little in excess of 55% in 2017.
true
The process of independence for the Indian sub-continent effectively subdivided the region along sectarian lines, with India designated as a predominantly Hindu state with Pakistan and Bangladesh (formerly East Pakistan) reserved as predominantly Islamic states.
true
The shortages in the labor supply that are becoming more evident in Japan are likely to be difficult to solve because Japan has never had an open and expansive immigration policy in the past.
true
The term, 'salary-man' emerged in the 1920s
true
The transformation from forest to farmland is evident in the following image. The forest is identified by the darker colore areas
true
The various routes along the 'Silk Road' operated from around 200 BCE until the end of Mongol rule and the terrible impact of the 'Black Death' in the mid-14th century. In this sense, this elaborate network of routes was to prove something of a 'false start' in the story of globalization
true
Under pressure from the World Trade Organization, the tariff and quota provisions of European countries that formerly gave protection to small banana producers in the Caribbean effectively ended in the mid-2000s and this has resulted in a significant drop in the prices paid to banana growers.
true
Waves usually approach the coastline at an oblique angle, which creates a zigzag motion as the surf surges onto the beach, in a process referred to as 'swash', and then returns back to the ocean at a right angle to the coastline, known as 'backwash.' In this way, beach materials are moved along the shoreline, in a process known as 'longshore drift.'
true
With respect to the relative size of Greenland measured against South America the Fuller Projection would be more accurate than the Mercator Projection
true
Without an injection of an estimated $2 trillion of capital into the East German economy since 1990, the region would have experienced an overall net migration loss from 1945 to 2017.
true
the gases in the atmosphere are responsible for trapping heat from the Sun and subsequently warm the planet which would otherwise have surface temperatures that would be well below freezing point at 0°F (-18°C). This process is called the 'natural greenhouse effect.'
true
