Geology 101

Which of the following statements are TRUE?

A rock contains minerals, minerals contain elements, and some elements are mined because they are considered a mineral ore. Correct

What's the difference between a rock and mineral?

A rock is made up of 1 or more minerals

plate tectonic

A tectonic plate (also called lithospheric plate) is a massive, irregularly shaped slab of solid rock, generally composed of both continental

Where do earthquakes and volcanoes occur?

Along the continental margin (left side of the figure) and along the mid-ocean ridge (middle of the figure)

Which of the following is an example of qualitative data?

The weathered surface of the rock is mottled in shades of green and brown

Explain the difference between a rock and mineral

a rock has orangic and inorganic substances (1 or more minerals) A mineral, by definition, is any naturally occurring, inorganic substance

nonsilicate minerals: halides sulfates

gypsum

Which of the following phrases most accurately depicts the Principle of Uniformitarianism?

he present is the key to the past

nonsilicate mineral: oxides

hematite

Based on the information in map view, where is the divergent boundary located in this figure?

in the center

Why was the hypothesis not widely accepted? (Wegner)

lack of mechanism (evidence)

Based on the information in map view, which side of the figure has an ocean-continent convergent plate boundary?

left side

Explain each characteristic that a material must have to be called a mineral

natural occuring, inorganic, has a crystal structure, solid, and a definite chemical composistion

what is a mineral

natural, solid, specific chemical compostion, ordered internal structure, in organic

nonsilicate mineral

pyroxene

silicate mineral

quartz

Which of the following is an interpretation? (picture of rocks)

rock was formed in a river

Identify the most common class of mineral in the crust, mantle, and inner core

silicate

Summarize Wegener's observations used to support the hypothesis of continent drift

some continents looked like they fit together southern

Distinguish the two main ways that minerals are used in society

technology cars building stuff

Explain the logical steps taken to evaluate an explanation.

the scientific method

describe uniformitarism

we use modern observations to make conclusions about the past

Describe how a hypothesis becomes an established theory.

A Hypothesis that survives examination and investigation

What is the difference between a clastic and a crystalline rock?

A clastic rock is comprised of smaller pieces of another rock (e.g., pebbles, sand, mud)

A superfund site designates an area with great economic potential.

False

Quartz is a very rare mineral, and in the few rocks where quartz does exist, it usually only composes a very small fraction of the rock as a whole.

False

The scientific method is a process unique to science; its development in the mid-19th century helped begin the industrial revolution.

False

How does a hypothesis become a theory?

If the hypothesis can not be falsified after numerous, repeated examination and investigation, then it becomes a theory.

Why was Wegner's hypothesis of Continent Drift rejected?

It lacked a viable mechanism for continental movement.

Given a present day example of an Ocean-ocean convergent plate boundary?

Japan

Which is the most common class of mineral in the crust?

Silicate minerals

Continental crust is thicker than oceanic crust.

True

Cooper extraction leads to acid mine drainage which is extremely damaging to the environment.

True

Essential minerals that you consume (e.g., calcium and iron) are technically not minerals.

True

What evidence suggests a divergent boundary exists an area?

a. A zig-zag pattern on the ocean floor

Give a present day example of a continent to continent divergent boundary?

a. East African Rift Valley

Which of the following is NOT part of the definition of a mineral?

a. contains both silicon (Si) and Oxygen (O) Correct

Which of the following are included in the science of Geology?

a. study of the solid earth b. study of interactions between the solid earth, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and cryosphere c. study of other planets in the solar system d. study of the history of the earth e. all of the above (Correct)

Which of the following is a way we use minerals in our society?

all of the above Correct b. Cars c. Electronics d. Roads e. Dry wall in our house

In the figure, where does melting occur?

along a convergent and divergent boundary

nonsilicate mineral: carbonate

calcite

what are the three types of plate boundaries

convergent , divergent , transform

Explain the difference between a clastic and crystalline rock

crystalline is angular = igneous rock clasts is rounded sand pepples = sedimentary rock

What evidence suggests a plate boundary does NOT exists an area?

d. A light blue, flat area running parallel to the continent's edge

What evidence suggests a convergent boundary exists an area?

e. A dark blue line running parallel to the continent's edge

An hypothesis is a(n)

educated guess based on observations already made

A scientific theory is an hypothesis that has been verified by an experiment and sanctioned by the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS).

false