Geology chapter 9 and 22 geologic time

C

Archeologists typically use ___ to date artifacts by means of radiometric dating. A. Uranium-235 B. Potassium-40 C. Carbon-14 D. Rubidium-87 E. Uranium-238

B

A mammoth frozen in the Arctic tundra of Siberia would be an example of which type of fossilization? A. Permineralization B. Mummification C. Carbonization D. Replacement

False

A detrital sedimentary rock can be radiometrically dated because the clasts formed at the same time as the rock. True or False

A

A worm burrow is an example of which type of fossilization? A. Trace Fossil B. Carbonization C. Mummification D. Cast and Mold

A

A(n) ________ is a type of unconformity with parallel beds above and below the erosional surface. A. Disconformity B. Nonconformity C. Angular unconformity D. Fossil conformity

False

By putting events in order, scientists can use the order to determine how long ago certain geologic events took place. True or False

False

Carbon-14 dating is useful for paleontologists researching dinosaurs. True or False

C

Cretaceous limestone overlying Cambrian granite is an example of a(n) ____. A)disconformity B)angular unconformity C)nonconformity D)cross-cutting relationship E) inclusion

C

If 235U has 92 protons, how many neutrons does it have? A. 92 B. 25 C. 143 D. 235

False

In cast and mold fossilization, the cast is the hollow space in the rock that subsequently becomes filled with mineral matter. True or False

A

Match the relative dating principles with the correct definition. Cross-Cutting Relationships A. Faults, fractures are younger than the rocks they cut through B. Rock extend in all directions until they reach the edge of a basin or pinch out C. Chunks of weathered rock are older than the rock they are contained in D. Missing time E. Sedimentary layers/lava flows are deposited in flat layers F. The oldest is on the bottom, the youngest on top

B

Match the relative dating principles with the correct definition. Inclusions A. Missing time B. Chunks of weathered rock are older than the rock they are contained in C. The oldest is on the bottom, the youngest on top D. Sedimentary layers/lava flows are deposited in flat layers E. Rock extend in all directions until they reach the edge of a basin or pinch out F. Faults, fractures are younger than the rocks they cut through

C

Match the relative dating principles with the correct definition. Lateral Continuity A. Missing time B. Chunks of weathered rock are older than the rock they are contained in C. Rock extend in all directions until they reach the edge of a basin or pinch out D. Faults, fractures are younger than the rocks they cut through E. Sedimentary layers/lava flows are deposited in flat layers F. The oldest is on the bottom, the youngest on top

B

Match the relative dating principles with the correct definition. Original Horizontality A. Missing time B. Sedimentary layers/lava flows are deposited in flat layers C. Faults, fractures are younger than the rocks they cut through D. The oldest is on the bottom, the youngest on top E. Rock extend in all directions until they reach the edge of a basin or pinch out F. Chunks of weathered rock are older than the rock they are contained in

B

Match the relative dating principles with the correct definition. Superposition A. Faults, fractures are younger than the rocks they cut through B. The oldest is on the bottom, the youngest on top C. Chunks of weathered rock are older than the rock they are contained in D. Missing time E. Sedimentary layers/lava flows are deposited in flat layers F. Rock extend in all directions until they reach the edge of a basin or pinch out

A

Match the relative dating principles with the correct definition. Unconformities A. Missing time B. Sedimentary layers/lava flows are deposited in flat layers C. Faults, fractures are younger than the rocks they cut through D. Chunks of weathered rock are older than the rock they are contained in E. The oldest is on the bottom, the youngest on top F. Rock extend in all directions until they reach the edge of a basin or pinch out

D

Match the type of fossilization with the correct definition. Carbonization A. Organic pores are filled with precipitated minerals B. Indirect evidence of fossil life (i.e. tracks, burrows) C. Hollows left by dissolved fossils are filled with mineral matter D. Fine sediment encases plant remains, leaving behind an organic residue

D

Match the type of fossilization with the correct definition. Cast and Mold A. Organic pores are filled with precipitated minerals B. Indirect evidence of fossil life (i.e. tracks, burrows) C. Fine sediment encases plant remains, leaving behind an organic residue D. Hollows left by dissolved fossils are filled with mineral matter

C

Match the type of fossilization with the correct definition. Permineralization A. Hollows left by dissolved fossils are filled with mineral matter B. Indirect evidence of fossil life (i.e. tracks, burrows) C. Organic pores are filled with precipitated minerals D. Fine sediment encases plant remains, leaving behind an organic residue

C

Match the type of fossilization with the correct definition. Trace Fossil A. Fine sediment encases plant remains, leaving behind an organic residue B. Organic pores are filled with precipitated minerals C. Indirect evidence of fossil life (i.e. tracks, burrows) D. Hollows left by dissolved fossils are filled with mineral matter

E

Petrified wood is an example of what type of fossil preservation? A. Burrow B. Cast C. Impression D. Mold E. Permineralization

B

Put the units of the Geologic Time Scale in order from largest to smallest. First (Largest period) A. Period B. Eon C. Epoch D. Era

A

Put the units of the Geologic Time Scale in order from largest to smallest. Fourth (Smallest period) A. Epoch B. Era C. Period D. Eon

D

Put the units of the Geologic Time Scale in order from largest to smallest. Second A. Eon B. Epoch C. Period D. Era

D

Put the units of the Geologic Time Scale in order from largest to smallest. Third A. Era B. Epoch C. Eon D. Period

True

Rapid burial is an important condition favoring preservation. True or False

C

The Principle of ________ states that organisms succeed one another in a definite, determinable order that can be used to recognize a specific time period. A. Superposition B. Correlation C. Fossil Succession D. Lateral Continuity

False

The first life on Earth developed during the Cambrian Period. True or False

True

The fossil record is biased toward preserving organisms with hard parts. True or False

D

Two isotopes of uranium, 238U and 235U, have the same number of ___, but different numbers of ___. A. electrons; protons B. neutrons; protons C. neutrons; electrons D. protons; electrons E. protons; neutrons

D

What are the characteristics of an index fossil? A. Found only in shale B. Preserved as a mold C. Geographically limited D. Limited to a short span of geologic time, but widely distributed E. Large enough to see without a hand lens

A

What does "zoic" in the eras of the Geologic Time Scale refer to? A. Life B. Fossilization C. Water E. Rock

B

What is a fossil? A. Only the hard parts of a skeletal structure that have been preserved B. Evidence of past life that can include skeletal as well as trace material C. A really old geologist D. Mudcracks preserved in sedimentary rock

C

What is an index fossil? A. Organisms that are restricted to one small, geographic setting B. Organisms that existed for a vast period of time and are representative of an era C. Organisms that were geographically widespread but limited to a short span of geologic time D. Trace fossils that define a colony of organisms

B

What is an isotope? A. An atom that has double the protons of a stable atom B. An atom that has more or fewer neutrons than it should C. A nucleus of an atom that has split during the decay process D. An atom that has more or fewer electrons than it should

B

What is correlation? A. Dividing up rock layers into new ones based on mineral content B. Matching up rocks of similar age in different regions C. Putting events in order from first to last D. Matching up continental coasts based on matching shapes

C

What is the definition of a half-life? A. The parent isotope half of a radiometric dating pair B. Half the time it takes for the parent isotope to decay to the daughter C. The time it takes for half of the parent isotope to decay to the daughter D. Half of the alpha particles necessary to decay at a steady rate

B

What is the definition of relative dating? A. Using radioactive materials to determine an age B. Putting events in order from first to last C. Counting tree rings to determine an age D. Calculating dates based on the theory of relativity

A

When correlating rock between widely separated areas or between continents, what feature do geologists rely on the most? A. Fossils B. Sedimentary structures C. Mineral content D. Rock type

E

Which conditions favor fossil preservation? A. The organism is a juvenile when it dies. B. The organism died during the Paleozoic. C. The organism is very small. D. The organism is made of only soft parts. E. The organism is buried quickly.

E

Which of the following represents the shortest interval of time? A. Paleozoic B. Phanerozoic C. Archean D. Cretaceous E. Holocene

C

You are an archaeologist researching artifacts left behind by Francisco Pizzaro's conquest of Peru in the 1530s. In order to confirm the authenticity of the leather artifacts, you are performing radiometric dating using an isotope pair that has a half-life of 250 years. In order for the artifacts to date back to the time of Pizzaro's conquest, approximately how much original radioactive isotope must be left in the artifacts? A. 50% B. 12.5% C. 25% D. 75%

A

________ is a technique where the decay rate of radioactive isotopes is measured and used to determine the age of a geologic material. A. Radiometric Dating B. Half-Life C. Ion Exchange D. Electron Capture

C

________ is a term used to define 88% of Earth's history prior to the start of the Paleozoic Era. A. Quaternary B. Paleogene C. Precambrian D. Jurassic

D

________ is the scientific study of fossils. A. Geomorphology B. Volcanology C. Quaternary Geology D. Paleontology