Glands
1) Insulin causes: A) a decrease in the concentration of blood glucose B) an increase in blood pressure C) a decrease in blood pressure D) an increase in the production of glucagon E) an increase in the concentration of blood glucose
A
10) An enlargement of the thyroid gland resulting from a deficiency of dietary iodine is called: A) goiter B) acromegaly C) cretinism D) myxedema E) exophthalmos
A
2) The cells in the testes that produce testosterone are called: A) interstitial cells B) alpha cells C) gonadotropic cells D) beta cells E) pancreatic islet cells
A
20) The hormone that appears to help regulate our sleep-awake cycles is: A) melatonin B) thyroxine C) progesterone D) thymosin E) glucagon
A
28) The hormone that triggers ovulation of an egg from the female ovary is: A) luteinizing hormone B) prolactin C) interstitial cell-stimulating hormone D) progesterone E) follicle-stimulating hormone
A
35) Prostaglandins are: A) lipid hormones manufactured in cell plasma membranes B) steroid hormones C) amino acid-based hormones D) target organs E) glycerol hormones
A
6) Which one of the following is NOT a symptom of Cushingʹs syndrome: A) bronze skin tones B) high blood pressure C) buffalo hump D) moon face E) water retention
A
71) Generalized hyposecretion of all adrenal cortex hormones leads to __________.
Addison's disease
11) Which one of the following is NOT a function of oxytocin: A) stimulation of uterine contractions B) stimulation of menstruation C) stimulation of breast milk ejection D) labor induction E) postpartum bleeding control
B
25) Which one of the following is NOT typical of the changes that follow the binding of a hormone to its target cells: A) mitosis is stimulated B) cellular mutations occur C) proteins are synthesized in the cell D) plasma membrane permeability changes E) enzymes are activated or inactivated
B
34) The enzyme produced by the kidneys when blood pressure drops, stimulating a release of aldosterone, is called: A) cortisol B) renin C) angiotensin D) vasopressin E) cortisone
B
37) The thyroid gland is located: A) within the parathyroid glands B) below the Adamʹs apple C) within the mediastinum D) within the pancreas E) above the kidneys
B
38) Being lipid soluble, steroids can do all the following EXCEPT: A) bind to receptor proteins within the nucleus B) catalyze cyclic AMP C) enter the nucleus D) activate genes to transcribe mRNA for protein synthesis E) diffuse through the plasma membranes of target cells
B
4) Diabetes insipidus is caused by hyposecretion of A) glucagon B) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) C) growth hormone D) prolactin (PRL) E) parathyroid hormone (PTH)
B
41) Which one of the following hormones is NOT produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland: A) thyroid-stimulating hormone B) oxytocin C) growth hormone D) prolactin E) luteinizing hormone
B
43) The ʺfight-or-flightʺ response triggers the release of: A) growth hormone B) epinephrine C) melatonin D) prolactin E) ADH
B
45) Which of these hormones regulate calcium levels in the body: A) T3 and T4 B) calcitonin and parathyroid hormone C) melatonin and glucocorticoids D) oxytocin and prolactin E) insulin and glucagon
B
8) The chemical messengers of the endocrine system are known as: A) stimuli B) neurons C) effectors D) hormones E) target cells
B
8) Which one ofthe following is NOT an anterior pituitary hormone: A) prolactin B) antidiuretic hormone C) follicle-stimulating hormone D) adrenocorticotropic hormone E) luteinizing hormone
B
9) Insulin works as an antagonist to: A) oxytocin B) glucagon C) testosterone D) thyroid hormone E) thymosin
B
16) Hypersecretion of growth hormone after long bone growth has ended (as an adult) is called: A) pituitary dwarfism B) acromegaly C) gigantism D) myxedema E) Cushingʹs disease
C
22) Most endocrine organs are prodded into action by other hormones; this type of stimulus is called: A) neural stimulus B) humoral stimulus C) hormonal stimulus D) receptor-mediated stimulus E) steroid stimulus
C
24) The element necessary in the diet for proper thyroid function is: A) sodium B) potassium C) iodine D) bromine E) calcium
C
27) The bodyʹs major metabolic hormone is called: A) calcitonin B) growth hormone C) thyroid hormone D) prolactin E) adrenaline
C
30) The hormone responsible for the maturation of white blood cells known as T lymphocytes is: A) aldosterone B) progesterone C) thymosin D) melatonin E) thyroxine
C
31) The hypothalamus is most closely associated with the: A) thymus gland B) thyroid gland C) pituitary gland D) pineal gland E) pancreas
C
32) Growth hormone: A) results in Cushingʹs disease if produced in excess B) is produced by the thyroid gland C) promotes growth in long bones and skeletal muscles D) is secreted by the thymus gland E) prevents urine production
C
33) Negative feedback mechanisms regulate: A) steroid hormones only B) very few hormones C) most hormones D) prostaglandin hormones only E) amino acid-based hormones only
C
42) Hyposecretion of thyroxine in early childhood leads to: A) exophthalmos B) myxedema C) cretinism D) acromegaly E) dwarfism
C
44) The pineal gland produces A) insulin B) cortisol C) melatonin D) thymosin E) estrogen
C
69) Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids, often caused by a tumor, results in __________.
Cusshing's syndrome
12) Insulin is produced by cells of the pancreatic islets called: A) alpha cells B) delta cells C) gamma cells D) beta cells E) theta cells
D
13) Which one of the following is NOT an action of the catecholamines: A) increased heart rate B) dilation of the small passages of the lungs C) stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system D) decreased blood pressure E) increased blood glucose levels
D
14) Which one of the following is NOT one of the major processes controlled by hormones: A) mobilizing body defenses against stressors B) growth and development C) maintaining electrolyte balance D) body coordination E) regulating cellular metabolism
D
15) Estrogens do all of the following EXCEPT: A) stimulate menstruation B) stimulate the development of secondary sex characteristics in females C) help maintain pregnancy D) stimulate growth of facial hair E) prepare the uterus to receive a fertilized egg
D
17) Rising blood levels of aldosterone cause the kidney tubules to: A) reabsorb calcium B) reabsorb sodium C) reabsorb iodine D) reabsorb potassium E) reabsorb hydrogen
D
19) Alcohol inhibits the secretion of: A) prolactin (PRL) B) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) C) parathyroid hormone (PTH) D) oxytocin E) glucagon
D
26) Which of these hormones is released by the adrenal medulla: A) sex hormones B) aldosterone C) glucocorticoids D) epinephrine E) cortisone
D
29) Tropic hormones: A) stimulate the pineal gland to secrete hormones B) stimulate nervous tissue C) stimulate prostaglandins D) stimulate other endocrine glands to secrete hormones E) stimulate the thymus gland to secrete hormones
D
3) Which one of the following is NOT a sign of diabetes mellitus: A) polydipsia B) polyuria C) polyphagia D) moon face E) acidosis
D
7) Which one of the following hormones exerts its primary effects on the reproductive organs: A) prolactin B) adrenocorticotropic hormone C) thyroid-stimulating hormone D) follicle-stimulating hormone E) growth hormone
D
21) Which hormone works with estrogen to bring about the menstual cycle: A) prolactin B) oxytocin C) testosterone D) human chorionic gonadotropin E) progesterone
E
23) Which one of the following is NOT produced by the adrenal cortex: A) mineralocorticoids B) glucocorticoids C) sex hormones D) aldosterone E) epinephrine
E
36) The secondary sex characteristics brought about by testosterone secretion do NOT include: A) development of heavy muscles B) growth of facial hair C) lowering the voice D) development of heavy bones E) development of breasts
E
39) Glucocorticoids do all of the following EXCEPT: A) decrease edema B) suppress inflammation C) increase blood glucose levels D) help resist long-term stress E) regulate salt content of the blood
E
40) Which of these hormones does NOT play a role in reproduction: A) estrogen B) luteinizing hormone C) testosterone D) follicle-stimulating hormone E) antidiuretic hormone
E
5) Tetany resulting from uncontrolled muscle spasms may indicate a malfunction of the: A) pineal gland B) adrenal cortex C) thymus D) posterior pituitary E) parathyroid glands
E
60) Another name for epinephrine is __________.
adrenaline
75) Male sex hormones produced by the adrenal cortex are called __________.
androgens
76) Anteriorly protruding eyes associated with hyperthyroidism is called __________.
exophthalmos
61) Hypersecretion of growth hormone during childhood results in __________.
gigantism
54) Cortisone and cortisol and types of __________ produced by the middle cortical layer of the adrenal gland.
glucocorticoids
63) An enlargement of the thyroid gland is called a __________.
goiter
70) Home pregnancy tests check for a hormone in the femaleʹs urine called __________.
human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
72) Glucagon acts as an antagonist to a hormone called __________.
insulin
49) A hormone called __________ is believed to play an important role in establishing the bodyʹs day-night cycle.
melatonin
50) Adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulates the cortex portion of the __________ gland.
melatonin
73) The posterior pituitary gland releases two hormones called __________ and __________.
ocytocin: antidiuretic hormone
64) Insulin and glucagon are both hormones that are produced by __________.
pancreatic islet cells
52) Calcitonin is made by the __________ of the thyroid gland.
parafollicular
68) The enzyme produced by the kidneys when blood pressure drops, which causes the release of aldosterone, is called __________.
renin
62) Mineralocorticoids regulate the concentration of __________ and __________ ions in our blood.
sodium and potassium
47) A hormone called __________ plays an important role in incubating a special group of white blood cells.
thymosin
48) The __________ cells of the testes produce testosterone.
thymosin
59) Another name for antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is __________.
vasopressin
