GOVT 2305, T.3, CH. 7-10

"Point-and-click" activism involving minimal personal effort or sustained engagement with political issues and a campaign is referred to as

"slacktivism."

Women won the right to vote in ________.

1920

Approximately ________ percent of Americans lack high-speed Internet access in their homes.

20

Which of the following statements about newspapers is accurate?

As a result of serious financial losses, newspapers have had to make dramatic cutbacks in recent years.

Which of the following statements about women's suffrage is most accurate?

A number of state and territorial governments adopted women's suffrage before the federal government granted women the vote.

The ________ Party originated from internal mobilization.

Jeffersonian

Which of the following is NOT a reason that digital politics fosters political participation?

Many state governments have made it possible for citizens to vote online rather than in person.

________ is the practice of tailoring campaign messages to individuals in small, homogenous groups.

Micro-targeting

Which of the following groups is NOT currently a strong source of support for the Republican Party?

African Americans

Third-party candidates are better off under ________.

proportional representation

Which of the following is a traditional form of political activity?

protesting

Primary elections were introduced by

reformers at the start of the 1900s, who hoped to weaken the power of party leaders.

In a proportional representation electoral system,

seats in the legislature are allocated to political parties based on their share of the total vote cast in the election.

One important cause of the two-party system in the United States is

single-member electoral districts.

If a citizen votes for a Republican for president and a Democrat for senator, he or she has engaged in ________.

split-ticket voting

The primary responsibility for conducting public elections rests with ________.

state and local governments

When an American voter supports only one party's candidates, he or she is said to be voting a ________ ticket.

straight

Most European nations utilize a ________.

system of proportional representation

Despite its widespread availability, ________ typically provide(s) the least depth of news coverage.

television

A political party is an organization

that tries to influence the government by getting its members elected to office.

Much of the national news that is published in local newspapers is provided by ________.

the Associated Press

During the early nineteenth century, the Jeffersonian Party's main base of strength was in ________.

the South

The American system for electing members of Congress is often referred to as "first past the post" because

the candidate with the most votes wins, even if he or she did not win a majority of the popular vote.

What has helped accelerate the trend toward less variety in national news in the past decade?

the corporate consolidation of news media into a small number of conglomerates

The "Black Lives Matter" protest movement started after

the killing of Michael Brown by a police officer in Ferguson, Missouri, in 2014.

World War I was an important factor in advancing the cause of women's suffrage because

President Woodrow Wilson and members of Congress believed that women would support the war effort if they were granted the right to vote.

Which of the following news sources reaches the most Americans?

Television

Party activists who are elected to vote at a party's national convention are called ________.

delegates

Daily Internet users who participate in society and politics through online activities are called ________.

digital citizens

When was the Twenty-Sixth Amendment ratified?

during the Vietnam War

The main goal of the group Rock the Vote is to

encourage young people to vote.

National elections are held in the United States on the first Tuesday of November ________ year(s).

every other

The establishment of the Republican Party is a good example of ________.

external mobilization

Advertising revenue at print newspapers is ________ what it was in 2005.

half

In the American media, there has been a recent trend toward

homogenization of national news, as conglomerates have come to own a larger percentage of media outlets.

Accidental mobilization occurs when

individuals are exposed to political information that they did not explicitly seek out.

The development of media giants with access to a variety of media holdings raises the question of whether

there is enough competition among the media to produce a diverse set of views and opinions.

Most Americans have the opportunity to vote in ________ election(s) each year.

three to four

At any given time in American politics, how many parties have tended to dominate politics?

two

America's ________ developed during the early nineteenth century.

two-party system

For the presidential primaries, most but not all state parties use what type of election?

winner-take-all

What is the ultimate goal of a political party?

winning elections

Most local newspapers get their national news from ________.

wire services

During the colonial and early national periods of American history, suffrage was generally restricted to white males over the age of ________.

21

In 1998, only ________ percent of Americans had Internet access. Today, more than ________ percent of Americans use the Internet.

25; 80

Approximately ________ percent of eligible voters turn out for midterm congressional elections.

35

The number of radio stations in the United States has grown from ________ in 1990 to more than ________ today.

400; 2,000

A majority system, which is used on a limited basis in the United States, requires that a candidate must win ________ to win an election.

50 percent plus one of all votes cast

The modern low for voter turnout in a presidential election was ________ percent of eligible voters in the ________ election.

52; 1996

Large media conglomerates own approximately ________ percent of daily newspapers.

75

It is estimated that more than ________ percent of Americans have a television.

95

________ warned Americans against the dangers of political parties in his farewell address.

George Washington

________ was the only president to have been elected without a political party affiliation.

George Washington

What was the main cause for reducing the legal voting age to 18?

Government officials hoped it would lead to a decline in disruptive student protests.

________ currently use(s) the "top two primary" system.

Two states (California and Washington)

What was the primary venue for citizen participation in national politics until the early 1900s?

U.S. House elections

________ is the single most important political act for most Americans.

Voting

External mobilization occurs when

a group of politicians outside government organizes popular support to win governmental power.

The Jim Crow era refers to the period

after the Civil War and before the 1960s.

The "metered model" used by many newspaper websites,

allows a certain number of free visits before requiring users to pay.

In the "top two" primary system,

candidates from all parties run against one another and the top two face each other in the general election.

A(n) ________ occurs when a voter must be registered with a party prior to voting in that party's election.

closed primary

What is social capital?

community networks that motivate political participation

Internal mobilization occurs when

conflicts within the government create divided factions that try to mobilize popular support.

During the last decade, the number of newspaper journalists working in the United States has ________.

decreased by 40 percent.

Which of the following is NOT a problem solved by political parties?

limiting the influence of "factions"

The digital divide refers to the

line separating citizens with Internet access from those without.

The idea of "unequal democracy" refers to the fact that

lower-income citizens have little representation by either party, except when their opinions overlap with more-affluent citizens.

During midterm elections, voters are selecting ________.

members of Congress

A(n) ________ does not coincide with a presidential election.

midterm election

Political scientists have found that on economic issues, both the Democratic and Republican parties are

more responsive to the preferences of the upper and middle classes than the lower class.

What is "niche journalism"?

news reporting targeted for a demographic of readers based on content or ideological presentation

Which group is the least likely to have high-speed Internet access at home?

non-English-speaking Hispanics

A(n) ________ occurs when a voter can wait until the day of the primary to choose which party to enroll in to select candidates for the general election.

open primary

The cheap, tabloid-style newspapers produced in the nineteenth century were collectively referred to as the ________.

penny press

An election where the winner is the person who receives the most votes, regardless of the percentage of votes received, is called a ________ system.

plurality

The ________ is the most common electoral system used in general elections in the United States.

plurality system

Before the 1890s, who was responsible for printing election ballots?

political parties

In order for a political party to select a candidate to run in the general election, it holds a(n) ________.

primary election