Grammar Bank
And then, you just have to.....
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Are you sure
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Be careful not keep your wallet in your coat pocket.
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Can I get you a....
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Can I help you? Where are you trying to get to?
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Can you explain to me how I can access my email account
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Can you tell me what romkocsma means?
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Cold I have the bill please?
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Could I borrow your bike for an hour?
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Could we get another table, please? This one is too close to the smoking area
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Could you tell me if there is a pizzeria near here?
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Could you tell me when the next train to Debrecen is?
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Do you know if it is possible to use my ID
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Do you know where I Can buy locally produced stuff or some special souvenirs?
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Do you know which platform the next train to Vienna is due to leave from?
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Do you mind not making all that noise
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Do you think I colud use your mobile internet modem?
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Excuse me, I was wondering if I could send an email from this computer
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Excuse me, but this steak is medium, and I asked for it done rare.
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Goodness me- that's a bit on the pricey side! Have you got a more basic model?
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How/What about-ing...
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I see what you mean, but I'm not sure I agree with you
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I'd like to know what the best way to get around the city is. What do you think?
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I'd love to but...
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I'd recommend
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I'd say... woud be the best one to choose
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I'm sorry but that really is guite loud
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If I were you, I wouldn't carry my camera on its strap
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If you tell me where you want to go, I might be able to give you directions.
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Is there a local speciality that you would especially recommended?
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It sounds really cheap, but I need more facilities. Thank you anyway
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It was entirely your fault
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No problem-forget it ever happend
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Oops, that a beyond my budget. Could you go down a bit.
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Sorry, but I'm sort of busy right now
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Thank you, but I think I would like a more central room
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Thanks a lot
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That makes sense-thanks
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That's really helpful
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That's really very generous of you
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We colud...
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What would you say is a must see?
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Why don't we...
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Why don't you try the famous Ecseri Market for antiques?
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Woluld you mind turning it down a bit, please
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Would it be possible to tell me how I can get to my youth hostel?
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Would you mind if I borrowed your pen?
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You could have been more...
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You should leave your valuables in the hotel safe
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You'd better check out the museum shop first.
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You've been a great help.
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the passive: be + past participle We often use the passive when it's not clear or important who does an action e.g. My bike has been stollen(= Somebody has stolen my bike. I don't know who.) If you want to say who did the action, use by
A lot of films are shot on location. My car is being repaired today Death in Venice was directed by Visconti. She died when the film was being made My bike has been stolen. You'll be picked up at the airport. This bill has to be paid tomorrow.
future time clauses Use the present simple after, when, as soon as, until before, and after to talk about the future. as soos as=at the moment when
As soon as you get your exa results, call me. We'll have dinner when your father gets home. I won't go to bed until you come home. I'll have lunch before I leave. After I finish university, I'll probably take a year off and travel.
Asking polite
Can you tell me how to get from the airport to the city centre?
Asking polite question
Can you tell me where the nearest bookshop is?
small quantities: Use little+uncountable nouns, few+plural countable nouns. a little and a few=some, but not a lot very little and very few=not much/many
Do you wnat some ice cream? Just a little. The town only has a few cinemas. Hurry up. Wh have very little time. I have very few close friends.
Rejecting an offer of cheap accommodation
Elutasítani egy olcsó szállás ajánnlatot:
Asking for permission to use something
Engedélyt kérni valami használatára:
Use the infinitive (without to) after most modal and auxiliary verbs after make and let
I can't drive. We must hurry My parents don't let me go out much. She always makes me laugh.
use the past simple to ask or talk abut finished actions in the past, when the time is mentioned or understood. We often use a past time expression e.g. january, last week
I went there in 1998 and 2002 (=on two specific accasions) How long were you married to Jacke? (= you are not married to Jake now) I bought it on Saturday (=I say when)
suggesting something to do
Javasolni valamit: Do you fancy going for a bike ride along the Danube this afternoon.
Expressing surprise about price:
Meglepetés kifejezése az ár iránt:
would/wouldn't You can also use would/wouldn't + infinitive when you talk about imiginary situations.
My ideal holiday would be a week in the Bahamas. I'd never buy a car as big as yours.
Complaining in a restaurant:
Panasz egy étteremben:
Offering help to a lost tourist:
Segítséget ajánlani egy elveszett turistának
Giving advice on buying souvenirs
Tanácsot adni szuvenir vásárláshoz:
zero quantity: Use any for zero quantity with a - verb. Use no with a + verb. Use none (without a noun) in short answers.
There isn't any room in the car. There's no room in the car. How much money do you have? None
Gerunds and infinitives form the negative with not e.g. not to be, not being. More verbs take the infinitive than the gerund These common verbs can take either the gerund or infinitive with no difference in meaning: begin, continue, prefer, start
These verbs can take a gerund or an infinitive but the meaning is different. Try to be on time= make an effort to be on time Try doing yoga=do it to see if you like it Remember to phone him=Don't forget to do it I remember meeting him years ago=I have a memory of it
past simple: worked, stopped, went, had Use the past simple for finished past actions.
They got married last year. What time did you wake up this morning? I didn't have time to do my homework.
must: when you are sure something is true
They must be out. There aren't any lights on. She must have a lot of money. She drives a Porsche.
past continuous: was/were (E/3)+verb+ing Use the past continous to describe an action in progress at a specific time in the past
What were you doing at six o'clock last night. I was watching TV. It was cold night and it was raining. + I was sleaping ? Was I sleaping - I wasn't sleaping
present perfect continouous for recent continuous actions Use the present perfect continuous for actions which have been going on very recently. The have usually just stopped.
Your eyes are red. Have you been crying? No I've been cutting onions.
modal
alaki, módbeli
I think so
azt hiszem
I'm sure it will
bizton állíthatom
accepting advice
elfogadni egy tanácsot: That sounds like a logical suggestion, thank.
refusing a request to help
elutasítani a segítség kérést: I'm afraid I've got dash off now. I can lend you a hand later, if you like though.
rejecting a complaint
elutasítani egy panaszt: Oh, no, I think you'll find this Cd was scratched alredy.
refusing
elutasítás,tiltás
permission
engedély
perhaps
esetleg, talán
Warning about safety risk
felhívni a figyelmet valami biztonsági előírásra:
Asking for information about train departures
felvilágosítás kérni a vonat indulásról:
blaming sb for sg
hibáztatni valakit valamiért: Oh, you should have been much more careful with that knife.
recommending
javasolni: If I where you, I'd choose Midnight Cowboy
requesting to pay
kérni hogy fizethessek: I'd like the bill, please, after the coffee.
it depends on
lehetséges
exist
létezik
I don't think it's true
nem gondolnám hogy igaz
I don't agree
nem értek egyet
complaining about noise
reklamálni a zaj miatt: Could you PLEASE turd down the volume! It's way past mindnight.
I don't think so
szerintem nem
maybe
talán
probably
valószínűleg
I think it's true
úgy gondolom igaz lehet
directions
útbaigazítás
direct speech Go away Don't worry Can/Could you help me To report an imperative or repuest use told or asked+person+the infinitive with to To report a negative imperative use a negative infinitive(e.g. not to do)
reported speech She told him to go away. The doctor told me not to worry I asked the shop assistant to help me
will(jóslat igéret, pill döntés)/shall(? ajánlat, javaslat) Use will/won't for instant decisions, promises, offers, and suggestions. Use shall with I and we for offers and suggestions when they are questions. Use will or going to for predictions
I'll have the steak (instant decision) I won't tell anybody where you are(promise) I'll carry that bag for you (offer) Shall I help you with your homework? (offer) Shall we eat out tonight? (suggestion) You'll love the film (prediction)
use the gerund (verb+ing) after prepositions and phrasal verbs. at the subject of a sentence after some verbs, e.g. hate, spend, don't mind Common verbs which take the gerund include: enjoy, hate, finish, like, love, mind, practise, spend, stop, suggest, and phrasal verbs e.g. give up, go on
I'm very good at remembering names. She's given up smoking. Eating out is quite cheap here. I don't mind getting up early
quantifiers large quantities: Use a lot of/lots of in + sentences. Use a lot when there is no noun e.g he talks a lot. Much/many are normally used in - sentences and ?, but a lot of can also be used. Use plenty of in + sentences to mean as much as we need or more.
They have a lot of money. She had lots of friends He eats a lot. There aren't many cafés near here. Do you watch much TV? Don't run. We have plenty of time.
present simple: I live, he works Use the present simple for things that are always true or happen regularly.(ált. igazság, történés) Remember the spelling rules, e.g. lives, studies, watches Use ASI or QUASI to help you with word order in question Put adverbs of fequency e.g. usually, before the main verb and after be.
They work in a bank Where do you live? He doesn't wear glasses She usually has cereal for breakfast. I'm never late for work.
offering a drink
ajánlani egy italt: WOULD YOU LIKE a coke or some grape juice?
occasion
alkalom
Use the when we talk about sg we've already mentioned when there's only one of sg when it's clear what you're referring to with places in a town e.g. cinema with superlatives
I saw an old man with a dog, and the dog was barking The moon goes round the sun He opened the door I'm going to the cinema It's the best restaurant in town.
can't when you are sure sg is impossible/not true
He can't be ill. I saw him at he gym. They can't be Italian. They're speaking to each other in spanish.
superlatives From superlatives like coparatives but use -est, instead or -er and most instead of more. You normally use the before superlatives, but you can also use prssessive adjectives e.g. my best friend their most famous song.
He's the tallest player in the team Oslo is the most expensive capital city in europe This book is the least difficult to understand. She's the best studnet in the class. Who drives the most carefully in your family? That's the worst they'veever played.
may/might: when you think sg is possibly true
His phone's switched off. He might be on the plane now. She might not like that skirt. It's not her style. She's not at home, She may be working. He hasn't written. He may not have my adress.
present perfect continuous for unfinshed actions have/has been+verb+ing Use the present perfect continuous with for and since with action verbs.
How long have you been learning Englis? He's been working here since April. They've been going out togehter for theree years.
be able to+infinitive You can use be able to in the present, past, future, present perfect, and as a gerund or infinitive. be able to in the present and past is more formal than can/could.
I am able to accept your invitation. They weren't able to come I'll be able to practise my English in London She has been able to speak French since she was a child I'd like to be able to ski I love being able to sleep late at weekends.
can/could can is a modal verb. It only has a persent, past, and conditional form (but can also be used with future meaning) For other tenses and forms use be able to
I can sepak Spanish very well. She could play the violin when she was tree. She can't come tonight. She's ill. They couldn't wait because they were in a hurry. Could you open that door, please?
more than you need or want Use too + adjective, too much + uncountable noun , too many+ plural countable nouns. Use enough before a noun but after an adjective. less than you need
I don't like this city. It's too big. There's too much traffic. There are too many tourists. There aren't enough parks. The buses aren't frequent enough.
Articles: Use a/an with singular countable nouns the first time you mention a thing/person when you say what something is when you say what sy does in exclamations with What in expressions like
I saw an old man with a dog It'sa nice house Shw's a lawyer What an awful day three times a week
usually: present habits and states (amit szoktam) For present habits use usually or nolmally+ persent simpe
I usually get up at 8.00 on school days. I don't usually go out during the weak. Houses in the suburbs usually have gardens. Do you usually walk to work?
present perfect simple: have/has + past participle (worked, seen) past experienses: We often use ever and never when we askd or talk about past exxperiences, They go before the main verb. recent past actions just and already go before the main verb in + sentences, yet goes at the end of the phrase in - sentences and ? Unfinished states which start in the past and are still true now. use How long...? +present perfect to ask about an unfinished period of time(from the past until now) use for + a period of time e.g for two weeks, or since with a pont of time e.g. since 1990
I've been to London, but I haven't been to Oxford. She's never met his ex-wife. Have you ever lost your credit card? I've cut my finger! He's just arrived at the airport. with yet and already (for emphasis) I've already done my homework. Can I watch TV? Have you finished yet? My brother hasn't found a new job yet. They've known each other for 10 years. How long have they been married? Since 2004
use the present perfect when there is connection between the past and the present
I've been to Madrid twice (=in my life up to now) How long have you been married to Alan( =you are married to Alan now) I've (just) bought a new computer. (=I don't say exactly when)
Non-action verbs use the preset perfect simple NOT the present perfect continuous With live and work you can use the present perfect simple or continuous with for and since.
I've known her for ages. I've been living here for six months. I've lived here for six months.
second conditional sentences: if + past simple, would/wouldn't + infinitive Use the second conditional to talk about a hypothetical/imaginary situation in the present or future and its consequence. Compare: I don't have much money, so I can't buy a bigger house (real situation) If I have more money, I'd buy a bigger house (hypotetical/imaginary situation) Used second conditionals beginning if I were you, I'd .... to give advice. Here you can't use If I was you
If I Saw Tom, I would tell him (50%) If I had more money, I'd buy a bigger house. If he spoke English, he could get a job in a hotel. I would get on better with my parents if I didn't live with them. I wouldn't do that job unless they paid me a really good salary. If I were you, I'd buy a new computer.
third conditional sentences: if + had+ past participle, would+ have+past participle Use the third conditional sentences to talk about hypotetical/ imaginary situation in the past (which didn't happen) and ist consequence. Compare: Yesterday I got up late and missed my train(=the real situations) I I hadn't got up late yesterday, I wouldn't have missed my train(=the hypothetical/imaginary situation) To make a third conditional use if+past perfect and would have+ past participle
If I had seen Tom, I would have told him (0%) If I'd known about the meeting, I would have gone. If I hadn't gone to party, I wouldn't have met my wife. You wouldn't have been late if you'd got up erlier. We would have arrived at 6.00 if we hadn't got lost.
first conditional sentense: if (or unless)+ present simple, will/wont infinitive Use the present tense after if in the first conditional sentences (unless= if...not) I won't go unless she invites me=I won't go if she dosn't invite me. You can also use an imperative instead of the will clause e.g. come and see us next week if you have time.
If I see Tom, I will tell him (90%) If you don't do more work, you'll fail the exam. He'll be late for work if he doesn't hurry up. She won't get into university unless she gets good grades.
relative clauses defining relative clauses To give important information about a person, place, or thing use a relative clause (= a relative pronoun+subject+verb). Use the relative pronouns who for people, which for things, and where for places. Use whose to mean of who / or which. You can use that instead of who or which. Who , which and that can be omitted when the verbs in the main clause and the relative clause have a different subject.e.g. He's the man I met on the plane.
Julia's the women who/that works with me. It's a book which/that tells you how to relax That's the house where I was born That's the boy whose father plays for Real Madrid He's the man (who/that) I met on the plane.
use the infinitive +to after adjectives to express a reason or purpose After some verbs e.g. want, need, learn Common verbes which take the infinitive (with to) include (can't) afford, agree, decide, expect, forget, help, hope, learn, need, offer, plan, pretend, promise, refuse, remember, seem, try, want, would like.
My flat is easy to find He's saving money to buy a new car She' s never learnt to drive. Try not to make a noise
comparing two things (or actions) regular coparative adjectives/adverbs: hard-harder, big-bigger, easy-easier, modern-more modern, irregular comparative adjectives/adverbs: good-well, bad-worse, far-further
My sister is a bit taller than me. London is more expensive than Edinburgh. This test is less difficult than the last one.
future forms: be going to + infinitive future plans and intentions: Use going to when you have already decided to do sg. predictions Terv, előjele van.
My sister's going to adopt a child. Are you going to buy a new car? I'm not going to go to New York next week. I think they're going to win.(They're playing very well. It's going to rain (The sky is very dark)
non-defining relative clauses Ifa felative clause gives extra, non-essential information (the sentence makes sense without it) you must put it between commas (or a comma and a full stop) In these clauses, you can't leave out the relative pronoun (who, which) In these clauses you can't use that instead of who/which
This painting, which was painted in 1860, is worth €2 million. Last week I visited my aunt, who's nearly 90 years old. Buford, where my mother was born, is a beautiful town. My neighbour, whose son goes to my son's school, has just re-married
used to: past habits and states For past habits use used to/ didn't use to+infinitive. Used to not exitst in the present tense. We use used to for things that were true over a period of time in the past. It usually refers to sgwhich is not true now. I used to smoke=I smoked for a period time in the past but now I don't. Used to/didn't use to can be used with action verbs (e.g. wear,go out) and non-action verbs (be, have) We often use not... any more/any longer (=not now) with the present simple to contrast with used to. I used to go to the gym but I dont't any more.
We used to be close friends but we dont't see each other any more. I used to go out with that girl when I was at school. Did you use to wear glasses? She didn't use to have fair hair. She had dark hair before
present continuous: be+verb+ing: future arrangements You can use usually use present continuous or going to for future plans/arrengements. going to shows that you have made a decision. We're going to get married in the summer present continuous emphasizes that you have made the arrangements. (We've booked the church. Megbeszéltük tudom a részleteket.
We're getting married in October They're meeting at 10.00 She's leaving on Friday
action and non-action verbs Verbs which describe actions, e.g. make cook can be used in present simple or continuous. Verbs which describe states or feelings e.g. like want, be, are not normally used in present continuous. Common non-action verbs are agree, be, belive, belong, depend, forget, hate, hear, know, like, love, matter, mean need, prefer, realize, recognize, seem, suppose
What are you cooking tonight? I'm making pasta Great! I really like pasta A few verbs an action and non-action meaning The most common is have. I have a big fleat=possession(non action) I can't talk now. I'm having luch.= an activiti (action)
Using narrative tenses together
When John arrived, they had dinner (first John arrived, then they had dinner) When John arrived, they were having dinner (when John arrived, they were in the middle of dinner) When John arrived, they had had dinner. (they had dinner before John arrived)
past perfect: had+past participle Use the past perfect when you are talking about the past and you want to talk about an earlier past action.
When they turned on the TV, the match had finished. I felt nervous because I hadn't flown before.
Present continuous be+verb+ing Use the present continuous for actions in progress at the time of speaking or for future arrangements.(beszéd pillanatában, jövőre de van előjele) Remember the spelling rules e.g living, studying, getting
Who are you waiting for? I'm waiting for a friend What are you doing after class? I'm going to the café
Don't use the when you are speaking in general (with plural and uncountable nouns) with some nouns (e.g. home, work, school, church) after at/to/from before meals, days, and months before next/last+days, week,
Woman talk more than men. Love is more important than money She's not at home today I get back from work at 5.30. I never have breakfast on Sunday See you next Friday
no obligation/ necessity: don't have to You don't have to drive- we can get a train= You can drive if you want to but it's not necessary / obligatory.
You don't have to pay for the tickets. They're free. You don't have to go to the party if you don't want to.
obligation, necessity: have to/must + infinitive must and have to have a very similar meaning. Have to is more common for general, external obligations, for exaple rules and laws. Must is more common for specific (i.e. on one occasion) or personal obligation. I have to wear a shirt and tie at work (It's the rule in this company) I must buy a new shirt - this one is too old now ( It's my decision)
You have to wear a seatbelt in a car. Do you have to work on Saturdays? I had to wear a uniform at my primary school. I'll have to get up early tomorrow. My interview is at 9.00 I must remember to phone Emily tonight- it's her birthday. You must be on time for class tomorrow-there's a test.
prohibition must't +infinitive You mustn't drive along this street.= It's prohibited, against the law
You mustn't eat that cake- it's for the party. You mustn't touch that. It's dangerous.
advice or opinion: should/ sholuldn't + infinitive Should is not as strong as must/have to We use it to say if we think sg is the right or wrong thing to do. Should is a modal verb. The only forms are should and shouldn't. You can also use ought to and ought not to instead of should/sholudn't
You should take warm clothers with you to Dublin. It might be cold at night. I think the government should do sg about unemployment.
possession
birtoklás
gerund
igéből képzett -ás, -és végű főnév
omitted
elhasgyható
explaning how to do something
elmagyarázni valamit: Yes, that's the way you can insert the foto.
expect
elvárni
arrangements
előkészületek
progress
folyamat
infinitive
főnévi igenév
A phrasal verb is a verb combined with a particle (=an adverb or preposition) Sometimes the meaning of the phrasl verb is obvious from the verb and the particle, e.g. sit down, come back Sometimes the meaning is not obvious, e.g. give up smoking (= stop smoking) carry on talking (=continue talking) In group 3, where the verb and particle can be separated,if the object is a pronoun, it must go between the verb and particle. Switch it off, Throw them away. Sometimes a phrasal verb has more than one meaning e.g The plane took off. He took off his shoes.
group 1: no object-verb and up, on, etc. can't be separated. Come on! Hurry up! We're late. The plane took off two hours late Go away and never come back. group2: with object-verb and up, on etc can't be separated I'm looking for my keys. I asked for chicken, no steak. Please look after the baby I don't get on with my sister I'm looking forward to the party group3: with object-verb, and up, on etc can be separated Please seitch off your phone/Please switch your phone off Can you fill in this form, please/ Can you fill this form in, please? They've set up a new company/They've set anew company up. Don't throw away those papers/ Don't throw those papers away
adverbs
határozószók
direct question: Where's the bank? What time do the shop close? Is there a bus stop near here? Does this train go to Victoria? If the question begins with an auxiliary verb, add if(or whether) after Could you tell me...../ Do you know.... We also use this structure after Can you remember... e.g. Can you rememeber where he lives? To make a question more polite we often begin Could you tell me....? or Do you know...? The word order changes to subject+verb e.g Do you know where the post office is?
indirect question: Could you tell me where the bank is? Do you know what time the shops close? Do you know if there's a bus stop near here? Could you tell me if this train goes to Victoria?
predictions
jóslatok
obligation
kötelesség, kötelezettség
external
külső
forgiving a mistake
megbocsáltani egy hibát: It's OK, don't worry about the dent.
afford
megengedheti magának
clause
mondatrész
appreciating help
méltányolni a segítséget: The extra two hours were AWFULLY KIND OF YOU, really.
question tags : positive verb, negative tag It's cold today, isn't it? You're polish, aren't you? They live in Ankara, don't thay? The match finished at 8.00, doesn't it? She worked in a bank, didn't she? We've met before, haven't we? You'll be OK, won't you? Question tags are often used to check something you already think is true. Your name's Maria, Isn't it? To form a question tag use: the correct auxiliary verb, e.g. do/does for the present, will/won't for the future etc. a pronoun, e.g he,it they etc a negative tag if the sentence is positive, and a positive tag if the sentence is negative
negative verb, positive tag She isn't here today, is she? You aren't happy, are you? They don't smoke, do they? She doesn't eat meat, does she? You didn't like the film, did you? She hasn't been to Rome before, has she? You won't tell anyone, will you?
obvious
nyilvánvaló, egyértelmű
pronouns
névmások
direct questions Are you married? Did she phone What's your name Where do you live When you report a question, the tenses change as in reported statements. When a question begins with a verb(nor a question word) add if(or whether.)
reported questions She asked him if he was married He asked me whether she had phoned I asked him what his name was They asked me where I lived
Reported speech: statements and questions direct statements I like shopping I'm going tomorrow I'll always love you I passed the exam I've forgotten my keys I can't come I may be late I must go Tenses usually change like this: present>past, will>would, past simple/present perfect>past perfect Some modal verbs change e.g. can>could, may>might, must>had to, Other modal verbs stay the same. could, might, should You usually have to change the pronouns. I like...>She said she liked Using that after said and told is optional If you report what said on a different day or in a different place, some time and place words can change e.g. tomorrow>the next day, here>there, this>that
reported statements She said (that) she liked shopping He told her he was going the next day He said he would always love me. She told him she had passed the exam He said he had forgotten his keys She said she couldn't come He said he might be late She said she had to go
auxiliary
segédige
purpose
szándék, cél
intentions
szándékok
pretend
színlel; úgy tesz, mintha
imperative
szükségszerű
necessity
szükségszerűség
clauses
tagmondatok
prohibition
tilalom
subject
tárgy
