Gross Anatomy Practice Questions

The diameter of the portal vein should not exceed

13 mm

The diameter of the IVC should never exceed

2.5cm

An AAA is present when the diameter of the abdominal aorta exceeds

3cm

Which of the following statements about the abdominal aorta is not true? A. Most aneurysms located within the abdominal aorta are false aneurysms B. The abdominal aorta is located just left of the midline C. The most common location of an AAA is infrarenal D. The abdominal aorta is considered to be retroperitoneal in location

A.

All of the following are branches of the celiac axis except: A. Right gastric artery B. Hepatic artery C. Splenic artery D. Left gastric artery

A. Right gastric artery

Which vessel would be the shortest in length? A. Right renal vein B. Right renal artery C. Left renal vein D. Left renal artery

A. Right renal vein

The most common cause of cirrhosis is

Alcoholism

An outpatient with a history of back pain and hypertension presents to the ultrasound department for an abdominal aortic sonogram. Sonographically, you visualize a 6 cm infrarenal aortic aneurysm with an echogenic linear structure noted gently swaying in the aortic lumen. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Aortic dissection

Which of the following is true about the portal veins? A. Portal veins carry deoxygenated blood away from the liver B. Portal veins have brighter walls than the hepatic veins C. Portal veins should demonstrate hematofugal flow D. Portal veins increase in diameter as they approach the diaphragm

B

Which of the following is not true about the abdominal aorta? A. The abdominal bifurcates into the common iliac arteries B. The proximal aorta is situated more anterior than the distal aorta C. The aorta has a thicker tunica media than the IVC D. The 3rd major branch of the abdominal aorta are the renal arteries

B.

Which of the following would most likely yield a high-resistance flow pattern? A. Celiac artery B. Common iliac artery C. Splenic artery D. Right renal artery

B. Common iliac artery

Which of the following is the most common reason for a liver transplant? A. Hepatocellular carcinoma B. Hep C C. Hep B D. Hepatic metastasis

B. Hep C

All of the following are sequela of cirrhosis except: A. Portal vein thrombosis B. Hepatic artery contraction C. Portal hypertension D. Splenomegaly

B. Hepatic artery contraction

Which of the following would have a pulsatile, triphasic blood flow pattern? A. Renal veins B. Hepatic veins C. Gonadal veins D. Common iliac veins

B. Hepatic veins

Which of the following is not a section of the IVC? A. Postrenal B. Pancreatic C. Prerenal D. Hepatic

B. Pancreatic

The TIPS shunt is placed

Between a portal vein and hepatic vein

Occlusion of the hepatic veins describes

Budd-Chiari syndrome

Which of the following is the most common form of liver cancer? A. Hepatocellular carcinoma B. Adenocarcinoma C. Metastatic liver disease D. Hepatoblastoma

C.

Which of the following statements about the IVC is not true? A. The diameter of the IVC is variable B. Respiration can affect the size of the IVC C. The IVC is located to the left of the abdominal aorta D. The IVC is considered retroperitoneal in location

C.

In the sagittal plane, you recognize a circular, anechoic vascular structure posterior to the IVC. Which of the following would this structure be most likely? A. Abdominal aorta B. LRV C. RRA D. SMA

C. RRA

The first main visceral branch of the abdominal aorta is the

Celiac artery

What branch and its tributaries of the abdominal aorta appears as a "seagull" in the transverse plane?

Celiac artery

Clinical findings of hepatitis include all of the following except A. Jaundice B. Fever C. Chills D. Pericholecystic fluid

D.

Clinical findings of an AAA includes all of the following except: A. Lower extremity pain B. Back pain C. Abdominal bruit D. Elevated hematocrit

D. Elevated hematocrit

Which of the following vessels would most likely yield a high-resistance flow pattern? A. Celiac artery B. CHA C. Renal artery D. Fasting SMA

D. Fasting SMA

Which of the following benign liver masses is typically isoechoic and contains a central scar? A. Hepatoblastoma B. Cavernous hemangioma C. Hamartoma D. Focal nodular hyperplasia

D. Focal nodular hyperplasia

All of the following are located within the porta hepatis except: A. Main portal vein B. Common bile duct C. Hepatic artery D. Middle hepatic vein

D. Middle hepatic vein

Clinical findings of fatty infiltration of the liver include

Elevated liver function tests

Sonographically, when the liver is difficult to penetrate and diffusely echogenic, this is indicative of

Fatty liver disease

The most common shape of an AAA is

Fusiform

The covering of the liver is referred to as

Glission capsule

Budd-Chiari syndrome leads to a reduction in the size of the

Hepatic veins

The veins seen attaching to the IVC just below the diaphragm are the

Hepatic veins

Normal flow toward the liver in the portal veins is termed

Hepatopetal

What flow pattern would the postprandial SMA yield in small bowel ischemia?

High resistance

What vessel may attach to the splenic vein before reaching the portal confluence?

IMV

Right sided heart failure often leads to enlargement of the

IVC and hepatic veins

A patient presents to the sonography department with a history of Marfan syndrome. The sonographic evaluation reveals a linear echo within the aortic lumen that extends from the celiac axis to the iliac arteries. Color Doppler reveals flow throughout the aorta on both sides of the linear echo. The patient has had no surgeries, and there is no AAA. What does the linear echo most likely represent?

Intimal flap

The left gonadal vein drains directly into the

Left renal vein

What vessel can often be noted coursing between the SMA and the abdominal aorta in the transverse scan plane?

Left renal vein

What vessel travels directly anterior to the left renal artery?

Left renal vein

The left umbilical vein after birth becomes the

Ligamentum teres

Shortly after birth, the ductus venosus collapses and becomes the

Ligamentum venosum

What should the postprandial flow pattern be within the SMA?

Low resistance

The hepatic artery should demonstrate

Low resistance flow

Normal flow within the hepatic artery should demonstrate

Low resistance wave flow pattern, with a quick upstroke, and a gradual deceleration with diastole

A disorder of the connective tissue characterized by tall stature and aortic and mitral valve insufficiency is

Marfan syndrome

The left lobe of the liver can be separated from the right lobe by the

Middle hepatic vein

The main lobar fissure contains the

Middle hepatic vein

An aneurysm associated with infection is termed

Mycotic

The inferior extension of the caudate lobe is referred to as

Papillary process

A tongue like extension of the right lobe of the liver is termed

Riedel lobe

The IVC terminates at the

Right atrium

The right intersegmental fissure contains the

Right hepatic vein

The right lobe of the liver is divided into segments by the

Right hepatic vein

Enlargement of the IVC, with subsequent enlargement of the hepatic veins, is seen in cases of

Right sided heart failure

The second main branch of the abdominal aorta is the

SMA

Which of the following vessels show a different flow pattern after eating? A. Celiac artery B. Splenic artery C. Renal artery D. SMA

SMA

A patient presents with unexplained abdominal pain for a vascular assessment of the SMA. Sonographically, you note that the patients SMA yields a persistent high-resistive flow pattern. This is indicative of

Small bowel ischemia

Which vascular structure may be confused for the main pancreatic duct?

Splenic artery

The main portal vein is created by the union of the

Splenic vein and SMV

Normal flow within the hepatic veins is said to be

Triphasic

The right portal vein divides into

anterior and posterior branches

The right lobe of the liver can be divided into

anterior and posterior segments

The main portal vein divides into

left and right branches

The aorta originates at the

left ventricle

The left portal vein divides into

medial and lateral branches

The left lobe of the liver can be divided into

medial and lateral segments

The ligamentum teres can be used to separate the

medial and lateral segments of the left lobe

The outer wall layer of a vessel is the

tunica adventitia

The inner wall of a vessel, closest to the passing blood, is the

tunica intima