Gross Anatomy Practice Questions
The diameter of the portal vein should not exceed
13 mm
The diameter of the IVC should never exceed
2.5cm
An AAA is present when the diameter of the abdominal aorta exceeds
3cm
Which of the following statements about the abdominal aorta is not true? A. Most aneurysms located within the abdominal aorta are false aneurysms B. The abdominal aorta is located just left of the midline C. The most common location of an AAA is infrarenal D. The abdominal aorta is considered to be retroperitoneal in location
A.
All of the following are branches of the celiac axis except: A. Right gastric artery B. Hepatic artery C. Splenic artery D. Left gastric artery
A. Right gastric artery
Which vessel would be the shortest in length? A. Right renal vein B. Right renal artery C. Left renal vein D. Left renal artery
A. Right renal vein
The most common cause of cirrhosis is
Alcoholism
An outpatient with a history of back pain and hypertension presents to the ultrasound department for an abdominal aortic sonogram. Sonographically, you visualize a 6 cm infrarenal aortic aneurysm with an echogenic linear structure noted gently swaying in the aortic lumen. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Aortic dissection
Which of the following is true about the portal veins? A. Portal veins carry deoxygenated blood away from the liver B. Portal veins have brighter walls than the hepatic veins C. Portal veins should demonstrate hematofugal flow D. Portal veins increase in diameter as they approach the diaphragm
B
Which of the following is not true about the abdominal aorta? A. The abdominal bifurcates into the common iliac arteries B. The proximal aorta is situated more anterior than the distal aorta C. The aorta has a thicker tunica media than the IVC D. The 3rd major branch of the abdominal aorta are the renal arteries
B.
Which of the following would most likely yield a high-resistance flow pattern? A. Celiac artery B. Common iliac artery C. Splenic artery D. Right renal artery
B. Common iliac artery
Which of the following is the most common reason for a liver transplant? A. Hepatocellular carcinoma B. Hep C C. Hep B D. Hepatic metastasis
B. Hep C
All of the following are sequela of cirrhosis except: A. Portal vein thrombosis B. Hepatic artery contraction C. Portal hypertension D. Splenomegaly
B. Hepatic artery contraction
Which of the following would have a pulsatile, triphasic blood flow pattern? A. Renal veins B. Hepatic veins C. Gonadal veins D. Common iliac veins
B. Hepatic veins
Which of the following is not a section of the IVC? A. Postrenal B. Pancreatic C. Prerenal D. Hepatic
B. Pancreatic
The TIPS shunt is placed
Between a portal vein and hepatic vein
Occlusion of the hepatic veins describes
Budd-Chiari syndrome
Which of the following is the most common form of liver cancer? A. Hepatocellular carcinoma B. Adenocarcinoma C. Metastatic liver disease D. Hepatoblastoma
C.
Which of the following statements about the IVC is not true? A. The diameter of the IVC is variable B. Respiration can affect the size of the IVC C. The IVC is located to the left of the abdominal aorta D. The IVC is considered retroperitoneal in location
C.
In the sagittal plane, you recognize a circular, anechoic vascular structure posterior to the IVC. Which of the following would this structure be most likely? A. Abdominal aorta B. LRV C. RRA D. SMA
C. RRA
The first main visceral branch of the abdominal aorta is the
Celiac artery
What branch and its tributaries of the abdominal aorta appears as a "seagull" in the transverse plane?
Celiac artery
Clinical findings of hepatitis include all of the following except A. Jaundice B. Fever C. Chills D. Pericholecystic fluid
D.
Clinical findings of an AAA includes all of the following except: A. Lower extremity pain B. Back pain C. Abdominal bruit D. Elevated hematocrit
D. Elevated hematocrit
Which of the following vessels would most likely yield a high-resistance flow pattern? A. Celiac artery B. CHA C. Renal artery D. Fasting SMA
D. Fasting SMA
Which of the following benign liver masses is typically isoechoic and contains a central scar? A. Hepatoblastoma B. Cavernous hemangioma C. Hamartoma D. Focal nodular hyperplasia
D. Focal nodular hyperplasia
All of the following are located within the porta hepatis except: A. Main portal vein B. Common bile duct C. Hepatic artery D. Middle hepatic vein
D. Middle hepatic vein
Clinical findings of fatty infiltration of the liver include
Elevated liver function tests
Sonographically, when the liver is difficult to penetrate and diffusely echogenic, this is indicative of
Fatty liver disease
The most common shape of an AAA is
Fusiform
The covering of the liver is referred to as
Glission capsule
Budd-Chiari syndrome leads to a reduction in the size of the
Hepatic veins
The veins seen attaching to the IVC just below the diaphragm are the
Hepatic veins
Normal flow toward the liver in the portal veins is termed
Hepatopetal
What flow pattern would the postprandial SMA yield in small bowel ischemia?
High resistance
What vessel may attach to the splenic vein before reaching the portal confluence?
IMV
Right sided heart failure often leads to enlargement of the
IVC and hepatic veins
A patient presents to the sonography department with a history of Marfan syndrome. The sonographic evaluation reveals a linear echo within the aortic lumen that extends from the celiac axis to the iliac arteries. Color Doppler reveals flow throughout the aorta on both sides of the linear echo. The patient has had no surgeries, and there is no AAA. What does the linear echo most likely represent?
Intimal flap
The left gonadal vein drains directly into the
Left renal vein
What vessel can often be noted coursing between the SMA and the abdominal aorta in the transverse scan plane?
Left renal vein
What vessel travels directly anterior to the left renal artery?
Left renal vein
The left umbilical vein after birth becomes the
Ligamentum teres
Shortly after birth, the ductus venosus collapses and becomes the
Ligamentum venosum
What should the postprandial flow pattern be within the SMA?
Low resistance
The hepatic artery should demonstrate
Low resistance flow
Normal flow within the hepatic artery should demonstrate
Low resistance wave flow pattern, with a quick upstroke, and a gradual deceleration with diastole
A disorder of the connective tissue characterized by tall stature and aortic and mitral valve insufficiency is
Marfan syndrome
The left lobe of the liver can be separated from the right lobe by the
Middle hepatic vein
The main lobar fissure contains the
Middle hepatic vein
An aneurysm associated with infection is termed
Mycotic
The inferior extension of the caudate lobe is referred to as
Papillary process
A tongue like extension of the right lobe of the liver is termed
Riedel lobe
The IVC terminates at the
Right atrium
The right intersegmental fissure contains the
Right hepatic vein
The right lobe of the liver is divided into segments by the
Right hepatic vein
Enlargement of the IVC, with subsequent enlargement of the hepatic veins, is seen in cases of
Right sided heart failure
The second main branch of the abdominal aorta is the
SMA
Which of the following vessels show a different flow pattern after eating? A. Celiac artery B. Splenic artery C. Renal artery D. SMA
SMA
A patient presents with unexplained abdominal pain for a vascular assessment of the SMA. Sonographically, you note that the patients SMA yields a persistent high-resistive flow pattern. This is indicative of
Small bowel ischemia
Which vascular structure may be confused for the main pancreatic duct?
Splenic artery
The main portal vein is created by the union of the
Splenic vein and SMV
Normal flow within the hepatic veins is said to be
Triphasic
The right portal vein divides into
anterior and posterior branches
The right lobe of the liver can be divided into
anterior and posterior segments
The main portal vein divides into
left and right branches
The aorta originates at the
left ventricle
The left portal vein divides into
medial and lateral branches
The left lobe of the liver can be divided into
medial and lateral segments
The ligamentum teres can be used to separate the
medial and lateral segments of the left lobe
The outer wall layer of a vessel is the
tunica adventitia
The inner wall of a vessel, closest to the passing blood, is the
tunica intima