Guilded Age

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Homestead Act

1862 law that gave 160 acres of land to citizens who met certain requirements and paid a small fee

Americanization

Learning to dress, speak and act like other Americans

Indian Wars

Little Big Horn, Wounded Knee, Sand Creek Massacre.

American Indian Citizenship Act 1924

Made all Indians citizens of the United States

Boss Tweed

Manipulated New York City politics for his own benefit

New Immigrants

Mostly from Southern or Eastern Europe; mostly Catholic or Jewish

Cattle drive

Movement of cowboys of cattle to rail stations in the north to connect to markets in the east

ASSIMILATION

Process by which people of one culture merge into and become part of another culture

Jacob Riis

Wrote "How The Other Half Lives" describing the deplorable conditions of the city

Great Plains

area of the country settled by farmers brought to the are from the east by the Trans RR

Political "Boss"

corrupt city government officials promising to provide services and jobs in exchange for votes

Dawes Act

divided reservation into individual plots, each family received 160 acres to farm hoping to establish pride in ownership

Nativist

favoring Naïve born Americans over Immigrants

Chinese Exclusion Act

first federal law restricting Asian Immigrants to the United States

Urbanization

growth of large cities

Klondike Gold Rush

in 1896 miners were attracted to the area by discovery of precious metals

Frontier

line between areas of settlement and those areas dominated by nature and Native Americans

Tammany Hall

most notorious political machine designed to keep Democrats in control of New York City

Ghettos

neighborhoods made up of people of similar nationality, language, and cultural

Immigration

primary reason for the growth in US cities by early 1900's doubling the number of Us cities with population in excess of 500,000

Tenements

single room apartments often without heating lighting or sewage

Political Machine

unofficial city organization designed to keep a party in power usually led by single boss

Ellis Island

vast government center in New York City where most immigrants were processed into the US

Push and Pull Factors

war, famine, drought, economic opportunity, education


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