H&P ch. 6 Congenital diseases and disorders
talipes valgus
eversion or outward bending of the foot
meningocele
incomplete closure of vertebrae with protrusion of spinal fluid and meninges into the sac
right ventricular hypertrophy
increase in size or volume
cleft lip & palate
2 types of orofacial clefts
Phenylketonuria
PKU
Tracheoesophageal Fistula
TEF
extrophy of the bladder
a congenital malformation in which the lower & the anterior wall of the bladder are missing
pulmonary stenosis
a narrowing of the opening into the pulmonary artery from the right ventricle
cerebral palsy
a neurological assessment is the first common diagnostic tool
atrial septal defect
abnormal opening between the 2 atria
ventricular septal defect
abnormal opening between the right and left ventricles
hypospadias
abnormal opening of the male urethra onto the undersurface of the penis, or of the female urethra into the vagina
tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF)
an abnormal connection between the esophagus and the trachea, where there are 2 seperate canals
VSD
an abnormal opening in the septum between the left and right ventricle
spastic
characterized by hyperactive reflexes, rapid muscle contraction, muscle weakness, spasticity, and underdevelpment of limbs. (70% of children with CP)
cryptorchidism (undescended testes)
congenital disease that affects only males
ataxic
difficulty with balance, depth perception, & coordination. show signs of rhythmic, involuntary movement of the eyeball, muscle weakness & tremor. (10% of children with CP)
congenital bladder diverticulum
diverticulum or puching out of the bladder wall
duplicated ureter
each kidney has 2 ureters rather than 1
spina bifida occulta
external sac that contains meninges, cerebrospinal fluid, and a portion of the cord and nerve roots
patent ductus arteriosus
failure of the fetal ductus arteriosus to completely close
PKU treatment
following a protein restrictive diet for life
meningomyelocele
incomplete closure of 1 or more vertebrae
talipus varus
inversion or inward bending of the foot
athetoid
involuntary muscle movements that are generally slow and writhing, dystonia of arms more than legs, and speech may be difficult. body movements are increased when stressed & not apparent when asleep (20% of children with CP)
coarctation of the aorta
localized narrowing of the aorta
acyanotic defects
no mixing of poorly oxygenated blood with the blood reentering the system circulation
retrocaval ureter
occurs when the right ureter passes behind the inferior vena cava before entering the urinary bladder
esophageal artesia
often accompanies TEF. the esophagus does not form completely, creating 2 canals ( one to the throat and the other to the stomach)
stricture of stenosis of the ureter
one of the ureters is tightened or partially closed
cyanotic defects
poorly oxygenated blood mixes with the blood reentering the systemic circulation
internal obstruction and wheezy respirations
signs and symptoms of Cystic Fibrosis
3 types of cerbral palsy
spastic athetoid ataxic
4 most common forms of clubfoot (talipes)
talipus varus talipus valgus talipus equinus talipus calcineus
projectile vomiting
the characteristic symptom inPyloric Stenosis
cryptorchidism
the failure of the testes to descend into the scrotal sac from the abdominal cavity
hirschsprung disease
the obstruction & dialtion of the colon with feces because the large intestine lacks nerve cells to create adequate intestinal motility.
dextroposition of the aorta
the opening of the aorta bridges the ventricular septum, receiving blood from left and right ventricles
talipes calcaneus (dorsi flexion)
the toes are higher than the heel
talipes equines (plantar flexion)
the toes are lower than the heel
ectopic orifice of the ureter
the ureteral opening inserts into the vagina or into the prostate
Down syndrome
trisomy 21
