H&P ch. 6 Congenital diseases and disorders

talipes valgus

eversion or outward bending of the foot

meningocele

incomplete closure of vertebrae with protrusion of spinal fluid and meninges into the sac

right ventricular hypertrophy

increase in size or volume

cleft lip & palate

2 types of orofacial clefts

Phenylketonuria

PKU

Tracheoesophageal Fistula

TEF

extrophy of the bladder

a congenital malformation in which the lower & the anterior wall of the bladder are missing

pulmonary stenosis

a narrowing of the opening into the pulmonary artery from the right ventricle

cerebral palsy

a neurological assessment is the first common diagnostic tool

atrial septal defect

abnormal opening between the 2 atria

ventricular septal defect

abnormal opening between the right and left ventricles

hypospadias

abnormal opening of the male urethra onto the undersurface of the penis, or of the female urethra into the vagina

tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF)

an abnormal connection between the esophagus and the trachea, where there are 2 seperate canals

VSD

an abnormal opening in the septum between the left and right ventricle

spastic

characterized by hyperactive reflexes, rapid muscle contraction, muscle weakness, spasticity, and underdevelpment of limbs. (70% of children with CP)

cryptorchidism (undescended testes)

congenital disease that affects only males

ataxic

difficulty with balance, depth perception, & coordination. show signs of rhythmic, involuntary movement of the eyeball, muscle weakness & tremor. (10% of children with CP)

congenital bladder diverticulum

diverticulum or puching out of the bladder wall

duplicated ureter

each kidney has 2 ureters rather than 1

spina bifida occulta

external sac that contains meninges, cerebrospinal fluid, and a portion of the cord and nerve roots

patent ductus arteriosus

failure of the fetal ductus arteriosus to completely close

PKU treatment

following a protein restrictive diet for life

meningomyelocele

incomplete closure of 1 or more vertebrae

talipus varus

inversion or inward bending of the foot

athetoid

involuntary muscle movements that are generally slow and writhing, dystonia of arms more than legs, and speech may be difficult. body movements are increased when stressed & not apparent when asleep (20% of children with CP)

coarctation of the aorta

localized narrowing of the aorta

acyanotic defects

no mixing of poorly oxygenated blood with the blood reentering the system circulation

retrocaval ureter

occurs when the right ureter passes behind the inferior vena cava before entering the urinary bladder

esophageal artesia

often accompanies TEF. the esophagus does not form completely, creating 2 canals ( one to the throat and the other to the stomach)

stricture of stenosis of the ureter

one of the ureters is tightened or partially closed

cyanotic defects

poorly oxygenated blood mixes with the blood reentering the systemic circulation

internal obstruction and wheezy respirations

signs and symptoms of Cystic Fibrosis

3 types of cerbral palsy

spastic athetoid ataxic

4 most common forms of clubfoot (talipes)

talipus varus talipus valgus talipus equinus talipus calcineus

projectile vomiting

the characteristic symptom inPyloric Stenosis

cryptorchidism

the failure of the testes to descend into the scrotal sac from the abdominal cavity

hirschsprung disease

the obstruction & dialtion of the colon with feces because the large intestine lacks nerve cells to create adequate intestinal motility.

dextroposition of the aorta

the opening of the aorta bridges the ventricular septum, receiving blood from left and right ventricles

talipes calcaneus (dorsi flexion)

the toes are higher than the heel

talipes equines (plantar flexion)

the toes are lower than the heel

ectopic orifice of the ureter

the ureteral opening inserts into the vagina or into the prostate

Down syndrome

trisomy 21