HD412 Study Guide Exam 1

The number of divisions a species will undergo before reaching replicative senescence is known as its_______.

Hayflick limit

Which of the following is TRUE regarding cardiovascular disease?

It is the leading cause of death and disability for men and women in the U.S.

Which of the following is TRUE regarding sibling relationships in the U.S.?

People who are single tend to have stronger relationships with their siblings than those who are married.

Which of the following best describes our current research on childlessness?

The number of childless women has increased since the 1970s.

Which of the following conclusions is the most reasonable statement of current data on gender role crossover at midlife?

There is evidence for an expansion of gender role boundaries at midlife, but little indication of a full crossover.

What is the key flaw in studies of the effect of exercise on mental abilities in which comparisons are made between regular exercisers and sedentary adults?

Those who choose to exercise may be different in other significant ways from those who choose to be sedentary.

Of the following individuals, who is LEAST LIKELY to remarry?

Vanessa, an African-American female

The latest version of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale provides a Full Scale IQ based on four separate indexes: _____________ each of which consists of a number of different subtests.

Verbal Comprehension, Perceptual Reasoning, Working Memory, and Processing Speed

Which individual is most likely to have an advantage in cognitive functioning into old age?

a married female who completed college on the G.I. Bill and is now engaged as a personal trainer

Exercise has ________ effect on intellectual skill.

a positive

Which of the following is the most common cause of death in adults between ages 25and 44 in the U.S.?

accidents

The greatest risk factor for Alzheimer's disease is ________.

age

Which of the following groups would be described as a "cohort"?

all adults born between 1970 and 1975

John is a 22-year-old college student. Unlike his 70-year-old grandmother, John is most likely to die from ________. a. cancer

an accident

Chiante is an older adult who was taught the memory strategy of forming an image in her mind of the people's faces she met at the party and their names. This is an example of _______.

an internal memory aid

Theorists of attachment suggest that in childhood we each create a sort of template of relationships that is applied to later interactions. Such a template is called _______.

an internal working model

Beta-carotene and vitamin E are examples of________.

antioxidants

At which age in the life cycle are adults likely to add the greatest number of new roles

at 20-30 years old

Bernice is suffering from __________, the most common eye disorder found in adulthood.

cataracts

What is the major explanation offered to account for the differences in the pattern of IQ stability or decline over adulthood shown in cross-sectional versus longitudinal studies?

cohort differences

If a researcher interviews a group of 20-year-olds, a group of 40-year-olds, and a group of 60-year-olds about their gender role attitudes, this would be an example of which sort of research design?

cross-sectional

The term used to describe any significant global deterioration in intellectual abilities in older adults is _______.

dementia

After dating her boyfriend for only three weeks, thirty-eight-year-old Carla was excited that she was getting married, despite the fact that a few days before, she was not sure if they had much in common. Carla's decision seems to be ________. a. an example of the parental imperative

dictated by the social clock

It is estimated that 20 percent of the elderly have pathological levels of anxiety. Which of the following is NOT an anxiety disorder?

dysthymic disorder

Which of the following research designs would be the least useful when using a sample population of a typical college freshman class to make comparisons of preretirement and postretirement exercise regimen on positive outlooks?

experimental design

In explaining adult development, psychologists must ______.

explain both changes with age and continuities

Assuming that Shealeen is similar to other adult children, one would expect that she:

feels emotionally close to her parents.

Across the adult years, the 12-month prevalence of most mental disorders increases from young adulthood to middle adulthood and then declines, with the lowest rates being ________________(Kessler, Berglund, Demler, et al., 2005).

for adults who are 60 years of age and older

Research in different cultures has led to the following conclusion:

gender roles are dynamic.

Compared to men, women_______.

have more chronic health condition, but contract fatal diseases later in life.

Research on hearing has shown that

hearing loss typically begins in the 30s.

The role of grandparent _______.

involves more intimacy for women than for men

A good standardized test has validity, which means_______.

it measures what it claims to measure

Of the following research methods, select the one that studies the same subjects over a period of time, observing whether their responses remain the same or change in systematic ways?

longitudinal

Research has shown that people who attribute human thoughts, feelings, and motivations to their pets report ________ when compared to pet owners who do not do this.

lower levels of depression

Research on same-sex partnerships shows that_________.

more people in the U.S. now support same-sex marriages than oppose them

The probability of dying in any given year is called the _________ rate. a. morbidityThe probability of dying in any given year is called the _________ rate.

mortality

Which of the following is a common characteristic of U.S. adults who were young children during the Great Depression of the 1930s, according to Elder's research?

negative effects in adulthood

A longitudinal sample of adults is followed over 30 years. All of the following findings are hypothesized EXCEPT _________.

no decline in cognitive functioning occurs

The latest research on age-related changes in judgment and decision-making suggests that older adults utilize less information and take less time to make their choices (when compared to younger adults). However, there were NO differences in the choices made. The authors suggest that this is because _______.

older adults better utilize deductive reasoning skills

The loss of calcium in the bones that occurs in many adults with aging is called _______.

osteoporosis

Your 70-year-old father recently mentioned to you that he no longer enjoys driving at night because of glare from the headlights of oncoming traffic. Having taken this course, you are not surprised. Based on the information in the text, what other activities may prove problematic for him?

reading road signs at night, finding a seat at the afternoon softball game, ordering at McDonald's all of the above

Which of the following is NOT a change in sleep patterns with increasing age in adulthood?

reduction in the total number of hours of sleep needed

When some body change is linked to age but appears to be the product of environmental influences or health habits, it is an example of _______.

secondary aging

In U.S. culture, adults in their early 20s are expected to marry, start families, establish themselves in jobs or careers, and settle themselves in separate households; 45-year-olds are expected to be launching their children into independence, to be reaching the peak of their careers, and to be caring for their own aging parents. Such expectations illustrate which concept?

shared experiences

Bernice is a 68-year-old female who lives in the southeast near one of her three children and her only two grandchildren. It is most likely that:

she has less contact with her friends than she did when she was younger

A woman's youngest child starts first grade and she begins working part time. This is an example of a change in a(n) _______.

social role

What term does Antonucci use to describe the set of relationships with family and friends that surrounds each of us throughout our adult lives?

social support network

Imagine that you are a business executive and you are about to have a meeting with a rival executive whom you know to be a woman. You know nothing else about her, but you imagine that she must be less competitive than your male colleagues—probably more conciliatory. What process are you demonstrating with such thoughts?

stereotyping

Which of the following timing/experience combinations would be likely to create the LEAST stress and disruption, according to the shared experience/social clock model?

the death of your father when you are 60 years old

Which of the following is the CLEAREST example of primary aging?

the decline in neuronal speed with age

Research on sexual activity of older adults shows that

the four stages of sexual response are a little slower and a little less intense compared

Current research in the United States on leaving (and returning) home has shown that _______.

the proportion of young adults living in their parents homes has increased from 2005-2011.

If you ask a group of young men which quality is most important to them in choosing a mate, which of the following qualities is likely to be ranked first?

the woman's attractiveness

Which of the following would be considered a test of "fluid" abilities?

vocabulary

What is the term used to describe the amount of information we can hold in mind while performing some type of operation on it?

working memory

Which of the following is a major argument in favor of cross-sectional research designs in the study of adulthood?

. They allow researchers to collect information about age differences on some variable quite rapidly.

Rebecca says that she is content with her current friendships and not motivated to add new relationships. Based on the research evidence, what would be the best guess about Rebecca's age?

40-50

Which group of adults has the worst health and the lowest life expectancy in the U.S

American Indians and Alaskan Natives

Your friends Jeff and Lucia are considering living together as a kind of trial run, to see if they want to get married. They know you are studying psychology, and ask you whether psychologists know anything about couples who live together. Which of the following would best describe the current information?

Couples who are engaged before moving in together tend to have marriages as successful as those of couples who did not cohabit before marriage.