Integumentary system: C) Epidermal Derivatives

ceruminous glands secrete:

Cerumen (earwax)

what is the function of the arrector pili muscle in a furry animal?

Fluffs the fur so it appears larger to enemies and increase thickness of insulation when cold

Arrector Pili mucose contract to form:

Goosebumps

swelling @ the base where the hair originates (the base of the hair follicle)

Hair bulb

Are all hair follicles active?

NO. some may grow hairs for years and then become dormant for months before they start up again and push the older hair out.

primary function of hair

PROTECTION

Hair AKA

Pilli

A single hair AKA

Pilus

Sudoriferous glands secrete:

SWEAT (perspiration)

Sebaceous glands produce:

Sebum (oil)

are there sweat gland openings on friction ridges of the finger?

YES. sudoriferous glands are located on thick skin. sebaceous and hair follicles are not located here.

what does hair grow from?

a hair follicle deep into the dermis, often projecting into the underlying subcutaneous layer

what is responsible for red hair?

a special iron-based pigment

Hair is a characteristic of

all mammals

Sebum:

an oily, waxy secretion of the surface of a hair follicle -oil produced on skin

thin ribbons of smooth muscle that are collectively called the :

arrector pili muscle

What muscle contracts, pulls on the hair follicles, and elevate hairs to form Goose bumps

arrector pili muscles

example of hair distribution difference:

back hair on male vs female

why do toenails grow slower than fingernails

because the blood supply to the toes is less than to the fingers

Supple

bending and moving easily and gracefully; flexible

when there is less and lighter forms of melanin, hair is _______

blonde

What helps trap foreign particles or small insects -prevents them from reaching eardrum?

cerumen and tiny hairs along ear canal

Modified sudoriferous gland:

ceruminous gland

Arrector pili muscle extend from the ______ ______ _____ around the hair follicle to the _________ _________ of the _______ _________

connective tissue sheath connective tissue dermal papillae

The more melanin, the ______ the hair

darker

is hair outside of the skin dead or alive?

dead

shaft contains _______ _____ cells

dead keratinized

Where is hair located

deep into the dermis, often projecting into the underlying subcutaneous layer

how are the cells packed that form the nails?

densely packed together

all glands of the skin are located in the:

dermis

skin glands secrete substances through

ducts

when do mammary glands secrete milk?

during lactation

when are sebaceous glands activated?

during puberty in both sexes when production of sex hormones begins to increase

All of the glands of the skin originate in the :

epidermal layer

hair is produced by what layer?

epidermal layer (regardless of where it is located)

hair bulb consists of what cells?

epithelial cells

Skin glands are called:

exocrine glands (due to secreting substances through ducts)

how does hair help w/visual identification?

hair characteristics and color are most useful in determining individuals and their age/sex

____ has an inner sheath of epithelial cells

hair follicle

how does hair help w/ sensory reception?

hair have associated touch receptors that detect light touch

Nails form from:

hardened, transparent stratum CORNEUM

ceruminous glands found:

in external ear canal

sweat (sudoriferous) glands produce:

inhibitory chemicals that can prevent the growth of many dangerous microorganisms

hair is composed of

keratinized cells (dead)

what do we use on a day to day basis to replace the lost sebum from bathing?

lotion (contains sheep sebum- "lanolin")

specialized sudoriferous gland:

mammary glands

mammary glands secrete:

milk

hair covers:

most of the body (except thick skin)

Hair follicle

oblique tube surrounding the hair

sebaceous glands AKA

oil glands

what are the cells filled with that form the nails?

parallel fibers of hard keratin

arrector pili muscle pulls the hair to what position?

pulls the hair so it takes on a more straight up position

remainder of the hair within the follicle

root

pheromones secreted by:

selected sweat glands in pubic/axillary regions

Portion of hair that extends beyond skin surface

shaft

lanolin

sheep sebum used in lotions

single hair shape

slender filament

Do toenails grow slower or faster than fingernails?

slower

nails are produced by what stratum of the epithelia?

stratum basal

which of the following is most important in maintaining homeostasis of the human body during the months of june and july in logan? -sudoriferous glands -arrector pili muscles -antebrachial pili -sebaceous glands -harderned transparent stratum corneum @ distal ends of digits

sudoriferous glands (sweat glands) to help regulate body temperature in the hot weather.

sebum keeps the hair and skin:

supple

nails are found on:

the distal dorm of the fingers and toes

cerumen lubricates:

the external auditory canal and eardrum

Gray hair results form :

the gradual reduction of melanin production w/in the hair follicle

white hair occurs due to :

the lack of pigment entirely -lack of melanin (in stratum basal of the base of the hair follicle when hair forms)

Hair color is determined bY:

the type and amount of pigment produced in the stratum basal cells @ the base of the hair follicle

Epidermal derivatives

things produced by epidermal cells -hair -nails -skin glands

the skin sends important information to sensory endings (__________) in the nose

vomeronasal organ

pheromones detected by:

vomeronasal organ in the nose

mammary glands found:

w/in breast of men/women

how does hair retain heat?

when a person has a full head of hair or a beard, heat is retained within the body

are skin glands epidermal derivatives?

yes

hair loss is caused bY:

- dietary deficiencies -high fever -radiation -drugs -aging -genetics -changes in hormonal levels

as cells divide they push______, become_________, and ______

--upward --keratinized --die

A cluster of WHAT is located at the base of the hair bulb that help the stratum basal cells of the hair bulb form the hair?

-dermal nerves -blood vessels

hair varies in :

-distribution -function -texture

Sweat (sudoriferous) glands help the body eliminate:

-excess water -salts -urea

Pheromones affect:

-fertility -behavior -attraction -physiological effects on people (synched menstrual cycles)

What are the three recognizable zones along the length of a hair?

-hair bulb -root -shaft

how does hair use chemical signal dispersal?

-hair helps disperse pheromones

How does hair protect us?

-helps cushion the head and protect scalp -nose and ear hairs keep insects from entering -eyebrows and eyelashes protect the eyes

are sebaceous glands inactive or active during childhood?

-relatively inactive

how are pheromones dispersed?

-released by sweat glands -go onto hairs in pubic/axillary region for dispersal into the air

Where is hair absent?

-sides/soles of feet -lips -sides of fingers/toes -portions of external genitalia

how does hair help with facial expression?

-the hairs of the eyebrows move to express feeling

Why do suboriferous glands secrete sweat?

-to regulate body temperature -aid in signaling and communication (pheromones)

two types of exocrine glands:

1) Sudoriferous glands 2)sebaceous glands

Cerumen function:

1) helps trap foreign particles or small insects -prevents them from reaching eardrum 2) lubricates the external auditory canal and eardrum

What are 2 specialized/modified forms of Sudoriferous glands?

1) mammary glands 2) ceruminous Glands

Nail function:

1) protect digits 2)assist grasping small objects

Functions of the Hair:

1) protection 2) heat retention 3) facial expression 4) sensory reception 5) visual identification 6) chemical signal dispersal

pheromones:

=chemical messenger from axillary and pubic region