Integumentary system: C) Epidermal Derivatives
ceruminous glands secrete:
Cerumen (earwax)
what is the function of the arrector pili muscle in a furry animal?
Fluffs the fur so it appears larger to enemies and increase thickness of insulation when cold
Arrector Pili mucose contract to form:
Goosebumps
swelling @ the base where the hair originates (the base of the hair follicle)
Hair bulb
Are all hair follicles active?
NO. some may grow hairs for years and then become dormant for months before they start up again and push the older hair out.
primary function of hair
PROTECTION
Hair AKA
Pilli
A single hair AKA
Pilus
Sudoriferous glands secrete:
SWEAT (perspiration)
Sebaceous glands produce:
Sebum (oil)
are there sweat gland openings on friction ridges of the finger?
YES. sudoriferous glands are located on thick skin. sebaceous and hair follicles are not located here.
what does hair grow from?
a hair follicle deep into the dermis, often projecting into the underlying subcutaneous layer
what is responsible for red hair?
a special iron-based pigment
Hair is a characteristic of
all mammals
Sebum:
an oily, waxy secretion of the surface of a hair follicle -oil produced on skin
thin ribbons of smooth muscle that are collectively called the :
arrector pili muscle
What muscle contracts, pulls on the hair follicles, and elevate hairs to form Goose bumps
arrector pili muscles
example of hair distribution difference:
back hair on male vs female
why do toenails grow slower than fingernails
because the blood supply to the toes is less than to the fingers
Supple
bending and moving easily and gracefully; flexible
when there is less and lighter forms of melanin, hair is _______
blonde
What helps trap foreign particles or small insects -prevents them from reaching eardrum?
cerumen and tiny hairs along ear canal
Modified sudoriferous gland:
ceruminous gland
Arrector pili muscle extend from the ______ ______ _____ around the hair follicle to the _________ _________ of the _______ _________
connective tissue sheath connective tissue dermal papillae
The more melanin, the ______ the hair
darker
is hair outside of the skin dead or alive?
dead
shaft contains _______ _____ cells
dead keratinized
Where is hair located
deep into the dermis, often projecting into the underlying subcutaneous layer
how are the cells packed that form the nails?
densely packed together
all glands of the skin are located in the:
dermis
skin glands secrete substances through
ducts
when do mammary glands secrete milk?
during lactation
when are sebaceous glands activated?
during puberty in both sexes when production of sex hormones begins to increase
All of the glands of the skin originate in the :
epidermal layer
hair is produced by what layer?
epidermal layer (regardless of where it is located)
hair bulb consists of what cells?
epithelial cells
Skin glands are called:
exocrine glands (due to secreting substances through ducts)
how does hair help w/visual identification?
hair characteristics and color are most useful in determining individuals and their age/sex
____ has an inner sheath of epithelial cells
hair follicle
how does hair help w/ sensory reception?
hair have associated touch receptors that detect light touch
Nails form from:
hardened, transparent stratum CORNEUM
ceruminous glands found:
in external ear canal
sweat (sudoriferous) glands produce:
inhibitory chemicals that can prevent the growth of many dangerous microorganisms
hair is composed of
keratinized cells (dead)
what do we use on a day to day basis to replace the lost sebum from bathing?
lotion (contains sheep sebum- "lanolin")
specialized sudoriferous gland:
mammary glands
mammary glands secrete:
milk
hair covers:
most of the body (except thick skin)
Hair follicle
oblique tube surrounding the hair
sebaceous glands AKA
oil glands
what are the cells filled with that form the nails?
parallel fibers of hard keratin
arrector pili muscle pulls the hair to what position?
pulls the hair so it takes on a more straight up position
remainder of the hair within the follicle
root
pheromones secreted by:
selected sweat glands in pubic/axillary regions
Portion of hair that extends beyond skin surface
shaft
lanolin
sheep sebum used in lotions
single hair shape
slender filament
Do toenails grow slower or faster than fingernails?
slower
nails are produced by what stratum of the epithelia?
stratum basal
which of the following is most important in maintaining homeostasis of the human body during the months of june and july in logan? -sudoriferous glands -arrector pili muscles -antebrachial pili -sebaceous glands -harderned transparent stratum corneum @ distal ends of digits
sudoriferous glands (sweat glands) to help regulate body temperature in the hot weather.
sebum keeps the hair and skin:
supple
nails are found on:
the distal dorm of the fingers and toes
cerumen lubricates:
the external auditory canal and eardrum
Gray hair results form :
the gradual reduction of melanin production w/in the hair follicle
white hair occurs due to :
the lack of pigment entirely -lack of melanin (in stratum basal of the base of the hair follicle when hair forms)
Hair color is determined bY:
the type and amount of pigment produced in the stratum basal cells @ the base of the hair follicle
Epidermal derivatives
things produced by epidermal cells -hair -nails -skin glands
the skin sends important information to sensory endings (__________) in the nose
vomeronasal organ
pheromones detected by:
vomeronasal organ in the nose
mammary glands found:
w/in breast of men/women
how does hair retain heat?
when a person has a full head of hair or a beard, heat is retained within the body
are skin glands epidermal derivatives?
yes
hair loss is caused bY:
- dietary deficiencies -high fever -radiation -drugs -aging -genetics -changes in hormonal levels
as cells divide they push______, become_________, and ______
--upward --keratinized --die
A cluster of WHAT is located at the base of the hair bulb that help the stratum basal cells of the hair bulb form the hair?
-dermal nerves -blood vessels
hair varies in :
-distribution -function -texture
Sweat (sudoriferous) glands help the body eliminate:
-excess water -salts -urea
Pheromones affect:
-fertility -behavior -attraction -physiological effects on people (synched menstrual cycles)
What are the three recognizable zones along the length of a hair?
-hair bulb -root -shaft
how does hair use chemical signal dispersal?
-hair helps disperse pheromones
How does hair protect us?
-helps cushion the head and protect scalp -nose and ear hairs keep insects from entering -eyebrows and eyelashes protect the eyes
are sebaceous glands inactive or active during childhood?
-relatively inactive
how are pheromones dispersed?
-released by sweat glands -go onto hairs in pubic/axillary region for dispersal into the air
Where is hair absent?
-sides/soles of feet -lips -sides of fingers/toes -portions of external genitalia
how does hair help with facial expression?
-the hairs of the eyebrows move to express feeling
Why do suboriferous glands secrete sweat?
-to regulate body temperature -aid in signaling and communication (pheromones)
two types of exocrine glands:
1) Sudoriferous glands 2)sebaceous glands
Cerumen function:
1) helps trap foreign particles or small insects -prevents them from reaching eardrum 2) lubricates the external auditory canal and eardrum
What are 2 specialized/modified forms of Sudoriferous glands?
1) mammary glands 2) ceruminous Glands
Nail function:
1) protect digits 2)assist grasping small objects
Functions of the Hair:
1) protection 2) heat retention 3) facial expression 4) sensory reception 5) visual identification 6) chemical signal dispersal
pheromones:
=chemical messenger from axillary and pubic region