HDFS 105 Section 3
what has callie done with the information she has gained about cows?
accommodated the information about cows and created a cow scheme
chomsky believed that children are born in the world with a lanuage
acquisition device
Generally, the axon carries signals away from the cell body, and the ________ carry signals toward the cell body
dendrites
_____ is the process by which information gets into memory
encoding
what type of memory refers to the conscious memory of facts and experiences
explicit memory
which of the following temperament classifications apply to Rothbart and Bates model
extraversion effortful control negative affectivity
_____ play encourages infants to prefer people over objects
face-to-face
order the following stimuli from most time watched to least time watched as identified in research by Fantz
faces black and white pattern high contrast color such as red low contrast color such as yellow the color white
according to research, breast feeding benefits children in which of the following ways?
fewer respiratory tract infections less likey to become overweight fewer gastrointestinal infections
which of the following is not a common way that a researcher identified whether or not an infant is experiencing habituation and dishabituation
brain wave activity
while abby is at the park with her mother, she sees a small white dog. she points at the dog and says puppy. what piagetian concept doe this example describe?
assimilation
while seeking cognitive equilibrium, children are constantly engaging in which of the following processes
assimilation accommodation
looking where another person has just looked is known as _____ following
gaze
__________ refers to the match between a child's temperament and the environmental demands the child must cope with.
goodness of fit
which of the following statements are true of stranger anxiety
it appears at about 6 months it peaks at about one year
____ are built in reactions to stimuli that govern the newborn's movements in an involuntary and automatic way
reflexes
what is the sensorimotor substage in which infants become more object oriented and less focused on their own body
secondary circular reactions
she continues to make the sucking movements with her mouth, which sensorimotor substage is baby erika in?
simple reflexes
which of the following types pertain to Chess and Thomas' classification system of temperament
the easy child the slow to warm up child the difficult child
the gesell test includes which four of the following categories
personal-social adaptive motor language
____ is to sounds as morphology is to _____
phonology, meaning
the two most common infant gestures are
pointing with the arm and index finger extended at some interesting object extending the arm to show the caregiver something the infant is holding
what are the purposes of reflexes
to allow infants to respond adaptively to their environment they are survival mechanisms which are genetically carried
According to the cephalocaudal pattern of growth, what feature would grow the fastest?
Brain
which of the following statements regarding the risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) are true?
Infants who co-sleep are at higher risk Infants who sleep on their stomachs are at greater risk
Which of the following are purposes of the sucking reflex?
The sucking reflex enables newborns to get nourishment before they associate a nipple with food. The sucking reflex serves as a self-soothing or self-regulation mechanism
an infant would most likely use the palmer grasp to hold which of the following
a bottle
the neuroconstructivist view states that which of the following factors influence the brain development
cognitive development biological processes and environmental conditions plasticity and context
____ are ideas about what categories represent
concepts
spells found that 4 month old infants expected objects to be
continuous solid
order the sequence of babies' sounds during the first year of life
crying cooing babbling use of holophrases use of telegraphic speech
in its final stages, marasmus may result in
death
according to piaget, cognitive conflict is also known as_____
disequilibrium
according to piaget, cognitive development is guided by which of the following
experiences genetics
scientists are using which of the following technology to study infant perception
high speed computer video recording respiration and heart rate eye tracking
which of the following statements regarding the sensation of smell in infancy is true
infants cannot recognize their mothers smell at birth but develop the ability within several days of birth
____ attentino occurs when two individuals focus on the same object or event
joint
the strategy known as ______ involves identifying the names of objects
labeling
what piagetian concepts fit with lauren's cognitive experience
lauren will need to accommodate her drinking scheme to fit the new information lauren will organzig her knowledge of drinking after experience different types of cups lauren is in a state of disequilibrium
Order the motor development milestones
lying on the stomach and lifting the head rolling over supporting some weight with legs sitting without support standing with support standing alone easily
in Piaget's theory, _____ is the grouping of isolated behaviors and thoughts into a higher-order system
organization
what term refers to the appropriate use of language in different contexts
pragmatics
_____ is the term used to describe the process by which unused neural connections are replaced by other pathways or disappear
pruning
the _____ reflex occurs when the infant's cheek is stroked or the side of the mouth is touched and the infant then turns its head toward the side that was touched
rooting
_____ refers to the meaning of words and sentences
semantics
______ occurs when information interacts with sensory receptors
sensation
the recognition that an object remains the same shape even though its orientation to us changes is called
shape constancy
parent-infant synchrony refers to the temporal coordination of _____ beahvior
social
a key skill in learning to walk involves
stabilizing balance on one leg
terms used to describe the interactional nature of emotional communication between parents and child when all is going well
synchronous reciprocal
_____ involves the way in which words are combined to form acceptable phrases and sentences
syntax
which of the following statements is true regarding telegraphic speech?
telegraphic speech is not limited to two words
the contemporary view on ___ is that it is a biologically based but evolving aspect of behavior, involving experiences that are incorporated into a network of self-perceptions and behavioral preferences
temperament
a newborn infant can habituate to which of the following repeated sensory stimuli
touch, sights, sounds