Hesi Prep: Endocrine

Which hormones are most commonly produced in excess with hyperpituitarism? Select all that apply. A. Prolactin B. Growth hormone C. Luteinizing hormone D. Antidiuretic hormone E. Melanocyte-stimulating hormone

A, B Excessive stimulation of luteinizing hormone and antidiuretic hormone is also associated with hyperpituitarism, but less commonly than prolactin and growth hormone

Which hormones are most commonly produced in excess with hyperpituitarism? A. Prolactin B. Growth hormone C. Luteinizing hormone D. Antidiuretic hormone E. Melanocyte-stimulating hormone

A, B Luteinizing hormone and antidiuretic hormone are still associated with hyperpituitarism, but less commonly than prolactin and growth hormone

Which glands secrete hormones that regulate metabolism of carbs, proteins, and fats? Select all that apply. A. Pancreas B. Thyroid gland C. Adrenal cortex D. Adrenal medulla E. Parathyroid gland

A, B, C

Which glands secrete hormones that regulate metabolism of carbs, proteins, and fats? A. Pancreas B. Thyroid gland C. Adrenal cortex D. Adrenal medulla E. Parathyroid gland

A, B, C The pancreas secretes insulin and glucagon, which affects the body's metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. The thyroid secretes thyroid hormones T3 and T4 that regulate carbs, proteins, and fat metabolism. Cortisol is a glucocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex that affects carbs, proteins, and fats.

Which action would the nurse include in the plan of care for a client undergoing a transsphenoidal hypophysectomy? A. Assessing for clear nasal drainage B. Maintaining strict intake and output C. Increasing daily dietary fiber intake D. Elevating the HOB 30 degrees E. Instructing on the use of an incentive spirometer

A, B, C, D, E

Identify the primary causes of adrenal insufficiency. Select all that apply. A. Hemorrhage B. Tuberculosis C. Pituitary tumors D. Postpartum pituitary necrosis E. AIDs

A, B, E Pituitary tumors and postpartum pituitary necrosis are secondary causes of adrenal insufficiency

Which exogenous conditions are responsible for increased cortisol secretion? Select all that apply. A. Asthma B. Adrenal adenomas C. Cancer chemotherapy D. Organ transplantation E. Carcinomas of the lung

A, C, D When adrenocorticotropic hormone or glucocorticoids are administered for the treatment of these conditions, it promotes cortisol secretion in the client, thus causing Cushing Syndrome

Which statement regarding calcitonin is correct? A. It is secreted by follicular cells B. It's actions are opposite to that of parathyroid hormone C. It decreases phosphorus levels by increasing bone reabsorption D. It works along with thyroid hormone to maintain normal calcium levels in the blood

B Calcitonin reduces serum calcium levels, whereas parathyroid hormone increases serum calcium levels

The nurse cares for a client with an abnormal cortisol level. The nurse recalls which information about cortisol? A. Cortisol metabolizes free fatty acids B. Cortisol stimulates gluconeogenesis C. Cortisol stimulates protein synthesis D. Cortisol levels decline in stressful conditions

B Cortisol maintains the blood glucose concentration by stimulating the liver for gluconeogenesis (formation of glucose from amino acids and fatty acids)

Which organ only has beta 1 receptors? A. Liver B. Heart C. Bladder D. Pancreas

B The heart has only beta 1 receptors, which increase heart rate and contractility. The bladder and pancreas have both alpha and beta receptors.

To ensure a quality specimen and an accurate test result, which instruction would the nurse give a client who is scheduled to undergo endocrine testing? A. Start the urine collection when the bladder is full B. Store the urine specimen in a cooler with ice C. Store the urine specimen in a home refridgerator D Save the urine specimen that begins the collection

B The urine specimen that is collected for endocrine testing should be stored in a cooler with ice to prevent bacterial growth in the specimen

Which hormone binds to the receptor site on the surface of a target cell? A. Estrogen B. Adrenaline C. Aldosterone D. Hydrocortisone

B Water-soluble hormones have receptors on the surface of a target cell, and adrenaline is one of these.

Which intervention would the nurse implement for a client who has type 1 diabetes and has an elevated blood glucose? A. Administer an oral hypoglycemic B. Institute urine glucose monitoring C. Give supplemental doses of regular insulin D. Decrease the rate of the intravenous infusion

C The blood glucose level needs to be reduced, regular insulin begins to act in 30-60 minutes. An oral hypoglycemic will only be effective in type 2 diabetes, not 1.

In which order do the events of the positive feedback mechanism of estradiol chronologically occur?

Level of estradiol is increased during menstrual cycle, resulting in increased production and release of FSH. FSH further increases the level of estradiol until the death of the follicle, resulting in a drop of serum FSH

Which gland secretes gonadotropin-releasing hormone to help control events of puberty? A. Hypothalamus B. Thyroid C. Anterior pituitary D. Posterior pituitary

A

Which is the target tissue for the parathyroid hormone? A. Intestines B. All body cells C. Mammary glands D. Sympathetic effectors

A

The nurse would observe a client for which side effect when administering androgen therapy? A. Baldness B. Headaches C. Gastric irritation D. Orthostatic hypotension

A Androgen therapy may cause baldness, gynecomastia, and acne.

Which catecholamine receptor is responsible for increased heart rate? A. Beta-1 receptor B. Beta-2 receptor C. Alpha-1 receptor D. Alpha-2 receptor

A Beta-1 receptors are responsible to increased heart rate- beta-2's, alpha-1's, and alpha-2's are not present in the heart.

The overproduction of which hormone is associated with carpal tunnel syndrome in clients? A. Growth hormone B. Antidiuretic hormone C. Parathyroid hormone D. Aldosterone hormone

A Overproduction of aldosterone is associated with Conn Syndrome. Overproduction of ADH results in SIADH, and overproduction of parathyroid hormone results in hyperparathyroidism

Which hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary gland? Select all that apply.

A. Oxytocin B. Prolactin C. Corticotropin D. Antidiuretic hormone E. Melanocyte-stimulating hormone

Which medication can cause diabetes insipidus? A. Cabergoline B. Metyrapone C. Demeclocycline D. Aminoglutethimide

C Prolonged administration of demeclocycline may cause diabetes insipidus, because this medication decreases the production of antidiuretic hormone by the kidneys.

Which metabolic manifestations are likely to be observed in a client with hypothyroidism? A. Impaired memory B. Intolerance to cold C. Difficulty breathing D. Decreased blood pressure E. Decreased body temperature. Decreased

B, E

Which cells produce the thyrocalcitonin hormone? A. Islet cells B. Adrenal cells C. Pituitary cells D. Parafollicular cells

D Parafollicular cells produce thyrocalcitonin, which helps in the regulation of serum calcium levels.

Which hormones are released by the hypothalamus? Select all that apply. A. Follicle-stimulating hormone B. Thyroid-stimulating hormone C. Melanocyte-inhibiting hormone D. Corticotropin-releasing hormone E. Growth hormone-releasing hormone

C, D, E FSH and TSH are released by the anterior pituitary

Which hormones are released by the hypothalamus? A. FSH hormone B. TSH hormone C. Melanocyte-inhibiting hormone D. Corticotropin-releasing hormone E. Growth hormone-releasing hormone

C, D, E The hypothalamus is a small area of the nerve and endocrine tissue located beneath the thalamus in the brain. MIH, CRH and GHRH aare released by the hypothalamus

Which hormone is released from the pancreas? A. Oxytocin B. Prolactin C. Calcitonin D. Somatostatin

D Somatostatin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that inhibits the release of insulin and glucagon.

Which sign or symptom would the nurse expect to find on assessment of a client with a blood glucose of 55 mg/dL? A. Increased thirst B. Abdominal pain C. Frequent urination D. Cold, clammy skin

D A client with a blood glucose level of 55 mg/dL indicates hypoglycemia. Clinical manifestations include cold clammy skin, tachycardia, nervousness, and slurred speech

Which information would the nurse provide a client with diabetes mellitus regarding alcohol consumption? A. Before meals B. One drink per week C. Complete abstinence D. With or shortly after meals

D A person with DM should only drink alcohol with or shortly after meals to prevent alcohol-induced delayed hypoglycemia

A client with diabetes mellitus who shows decreased glucose tolerance is at risk for which complication? A. Cystitis B. Thin and dry skin C. Decreased bone density D. Frequent yeast infections

D Decreased glucose tolerance may cause frequent yeast infections, but it is not associated with the risk of cystitis, thin/dry skin, and decreased bone density- which is due to decreased ovarian production of estrogen

Which cardiovascular manifestation is observed in a client with adrenal insufficiency? A. Fatigue B. Salt craving C. Weight loss D. Hyponatremia

D Hyponatremia causes a decrease in sodium levels, which is the cardiovascular manifestation of adrenal insufficiency

The nurse educator is providing information about different insulin types. Which type can be safely mixed with regular human insulin in the same syringe? A. Insulin glargine B. Insulin detemir C. Insulin lispro 75/25 D. Isophane insulin neutral protamine hagedorn (NPH)

D No other insulin type besides this one should be mixed with regular human insulin