HHP CH.1-3

Which of the following are controlled by the autonomic nervous system?

blood pressure metabolism breathing

The preparation stage includes

building your skill set.

Select all that apply In which two ways can a family health tree help you improve your own health?

by helping to identify potential risks by illustrating familial patterns of health and illness

Higher rates of ______ are expected in older populations in comparisons to younger populations.

chronic illness

Select all that apply Which of the following occur during the contemplation stage of the Stages of Change Model?

weighing the pros and cons of making a change recognizing you have a problem behavior

The active process of adopting patterns of behavior that can lead to improved health is known as ______, whereas the state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being is known as ______.

wellness; health

True or false: There are major biological differences between races that strongly determine health outcomes for various groups.

FALSE

Which of the following statements best distinguishes health promotion from disease prevention?

Health promotion maintains or improves the current status of community health, whereas disease prevention tries to ward off specific illnesses.

Which of the following are true of schizophrenia? (Select all that apply.)

Its symptoms include hallucinations and disordered thinking. It is the most common psychotic disorder.

Which of the following are true of mentally healthy people?

They do not fear commitment. They are comfortable with other people. They try to control stress levels.

How does spirituality help terminally ill adults?

They experience less anxiety about death. They are more accepting of death. They know that their lives have had meaning within a larger plan.

The symptoms of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders can be treated with ______, whereas the symptoms of most mood disorders can be treated with ______.

antipsychotics; antidepressants

According to the stages of change model, which of the following would be the most appropriate way of viewing change?

as a series of steps going both up and down

Which of the following types of medical research typically involve studying animals instead of people?

basic medical research

Which of the following are characteristics of pessimistic individuals?

becoming discouraged when facing difficulty attributing failure to personal defects

Optimistic people tend to have ______ than those with a more pessimistic outlook on life.

better physical and mental health

The purpose of progressive relaxation is to reduce stress by

blocking muscle tension that comes as part of the stress response.

Select all that apply Which of the following are examples of illnesses that are caused by a combination of genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors?

cancer obesity diabetes

Which of the following has been identified as a predictor of elevated risk for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?

childhood adversity

High blood pressure and atherosclerosis are particularly common among individuals suffering from

chronic stress

One way of conceptualizing wellness is to envision a(n)

continuum between severe illness and optimal health.

No matter the activity—whether using drugs, gambling, eating, or shopping—the key component to compulsive or addictive behavior is a loss of

control

Which of the following are the five stages identified by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross that dying people experience?

denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance

In order to control obsessive thoughts and images, an obsessive-compulsive person

develops repetitive behaviors designed to reduce anxiety.

The Healthy People 2020 initiative emphasizes the need to reduce

differences in health outcomes between populations.

Which of the following are signs that a child may have attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder?

difficulty following instructions impulsivity fidgeting

An abnormally high level of the neurotransmitter ______ can cause erratic behavior, increased sexual desire, and aggressiveness.

dopamine

Select all that apply Which of the following factors are considered social determinants of health?

employment status transportation income

Select all that apply Which of the following are included in the maintenance stage of the Stages of Change Model?

engaging in the new behavior for at least six months working to prevent yourself from falling into old habits

Air quality, access to education or employment, and public policies are factors that are part of the ______ aspect of the socioecological model of health.

environmental

A person's sense of belonging or identity stemming from a common ancestry and a common national or cultural origin is defined as ______, whereas a person's physical traits to describe ethnic background is known as ______.

ethnicity; race

True or false: Men are at a greater risk for depression than women

false

True or false: Research shows that making a commitment to change is all a person needs to carry out the process of changing a behavior.

false

After the death of a loved one, the separation stage involves

feeling the intense pain of loss.

To improve his time management, Tyler has compiled a to-do list of things that have been on his mind. Which of the following items is likely to have the highest priority?

finishing the essay due at the end of the day

Monique is having trouble balancing her college coursework with her social life, and she wants to implement some time-management techniques. Which of the following is most likely to help her planning?

focusing on activities that help advance her sense of purpose in life

A(n) ______ is a unit of heredity that consists of a sequence of DNA on a chromosome.

gene

Sickle-cell disease is an example of a ______ that causes a person's red blood cells to be misshapen.

gene mutation

The disorder that involves excessive and unrelenting anxiety and worry is referred to as

generalized anxiety disorder.

The presence of disease in family members who have good health habits is more indicative of a(n) ______ cause than is disease in family members with poor health habits.

genetic

Which of the following are demographic data that researchers consider when studying population health? (Select all that apply.)

geographical location age socioeconomic status

Which of the following behaviors often signifies that someone has decided to attempt suicide?

giving away possessions

Select all that apply Poverty and stress during early childhood lead to adverse events during a person's life in part because children who grow up in poverty may experience which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

greater exposure to toxins higher rates of poor nutrition less educational opportunity

Eliminating avoidable social and economic practices and policies that create barriers to improving the health of certain demographic groups leads to

health equity

All of the following are symptoms of depression except

heightened concentration.

Select all that apply Which of the following are especially common among individuals who have been the target of racism?

hypertension eating disorders substance abuse

Select all that apply Which of the following are examples of public policies that restrict individual choice? (Select all that apply.)

seatbelt requirements national gun control laws

At the top of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, we find ______, a concept Maslow used to refer to the fulfillment of a person's true potential.

self-actualization

According to Maslow, people who are living at their fullest have reached a level of

self-actualization.

Which of the following is thought to have the most significant impact on population health outcomes?

socioeconomic status

The physical and emotional changes that a person experiences when faced with a threat are known as the ______ response.

stress

In the Stages of Change Model, the stage at which there is no temptation to return to the old behavior is known as the ______ stage. (Remember to enter only one word in the blank.)

termination

Which region in the United States has the highest rates of obesity, diabetes, and other chronic diseases?

the Southeast

Select all that apply Which of the following are elements of health literacy?

the ability to navigate the health care system the ability to understand medical instructions the ability to understand health information

Since returning from military combat six months ago, Veronica has experienced psychological problems characterized by nightmares, flashbacks, and diminished capacity to express emotions. Veronica is experiencing

posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Public health efforts include both

health promotion and disease prevention.

Immediately after a loved one's death, a person is likely to feel the first phase of bereavement, which is

numbness and shock.

About what percentage of college students say that they have experienced greater than average stress in the past 12 months?

55%

As many as ______% of people who commit suicide are suffering from depression or another mental disorder.

90

By the age of 6, about ______% of the structure of the brain has been formed.

95

Which of the following is an example of a cognitive disorder?

Alzheimer's disease

True or false: In order to be spiritually healthy, a person needs to participate in a particular organized religion.

FALSE

Which of the following best defines the term health?

Health is the overall condition of a person's body, mind, and social well-being.

Positive psychologists have identified three components to happiness. Which of the following people has a life that best exhibits those three components of happiness?

Joanie enjoys working in her gardens, takes care of her grandchildren three days a week, and cooks on weekends for a soup kitchen run by her church.

Which of the following are true regarding the effects of stress on the immune system?

Stress decreases immune function.

How does stress affect the cardiovascular system?

The stress response causes heart rate to accelerate. Chronic stress helps cause hypertension, which increases the risk of a heart attack.

According to the Stages of Change Model, what are three characteristics of the precontemplation stage for changing a specific behavior? (Select all that apply.)

You have no motivation to change the behavior. You do not acknowledge that you have the behavior. You do not see a reason to change the behavior.

Select all that apply Which of the following patterns of illness suggest a genetic link?

a grandmother with an early onset of Alzheimer's disease multiple members of the same side of the family experiencing the same disease the presence of disease in family members who have good health habits

What is the key feature of psychotherapy, or counseling?

a positive interpersonal relationship between the patient and the counselor

Which of the following are major risk factors associated with suicide?

a previous suicide attempt a family history of suicide

It is your turn to give a presentation in class. Your heart begins to pound and your palms become sweaty. These reactions are an example of

a stress response.

Which of the following is an example of community health?

a town's decision to build a neighborhood recreational park

What information should a family health tree include for deceased relatives?

age and cause of death

Gene mutations are important because they

allow for human diversity

Bipolar disorder is most often characterized by

alternating periods of mania and depression.

Select all that apply Which of the following are characteristics of mentally healthy people?

altruistic high self-esteem realistic

Which of the following best defines the term wellness?

an active process of adopting patterns of behavior that can lead to improved health

In an attempt to identify risk factors for heart disease, Kelsi is conducting a study in which she uses measurements and interviews to study large groups of people. Kelsi is conducting

an epidemiological study.

Select all that apply Which of the following are indications that a grieving person should seek professional help?

lack of sleep significant changes in weight

Select all that apply Which of the following are behavior choices that affect a person's individual health?

level of physical fitness smoking status

Select all that apply Social support has been proven to be a key to decreasing stress and contributing to better mental health. Which of the following are ways to cultivate a strong support system?

listen to others and share your feelings find others who share your interests stay in touch with friends

In the Stages of Change Model, the stage that is held for at least six months but can sometimes last a lifetime is known as the ______ stage.

maintenance

The 1990s were called the "decade of the brain" because

medical imaging technologies improved our understanding of brain structure and functions.

A ______ disorder is defined as a pattern of behavior in a person that is associated with distress or impairment or significantly increased risk of suffering, death, pain, disability, or loss of freedom.

mental

Select all that apply Besides basic information, what additional data might be useful for a family health tree?

mental health disorders disabilities reproductive problems

A person who has ______ is less likely to develop post-traumatic stress disorder.

more social support

What can individuals do to achieve a higher level of emotional intelligence?

motivate themselves manage their emotions recognize and understand their emotions

Even though many people feel they are being more efficient and productive while ______, it actually causes them to become easily distracted and stressed and to perform poorly on a variety of tasks.

multitasking

Which of the following habitual thinking patterns can increase or create stress?

negative beliefs unrealistic expectations illogical thinking

A person who has trouble learning and lacks social skills and behavior control is most likely to be suffering from a ______ disorder.

neurodevelopmental

The brain chemicals that are responsible for sending signals from one brain cell to the next are known as

neurotransmitters.

A(n) ______ attack is a type of ______ disorder in which a person experiences apprehension or intense fear in the absence of a real danger. Symptoms may include shortness of breath, chest pain, or heart palpitations.

panic; anxiety

Which of the four perceptions of the Health Belief Model ties individual health choices to whether the person thinks he or she is at risk for a problem?

perceived susceptibility

The ______ psychology movement focuses on understanding the full spectrum of the human experience.

positive

You are hiking along a trail in the woods when you spot a bear that was behind a nearby tree. Immediately, your heart is racing, your palms are sweaty, and your legs are shaking as you take a split second to decide what to do. This scenario is an example of

the body's fight-or-flight reaction to danger.

The socioecological model of health and wellness emphasizes the interrelationships between individuals and their environment. What are some of the environmental factors it takes into consideration? (Select all that apply.)

the built environment relationships with other people community resources

Select all that apply Which of the following are purposes that rituals surrounding death serve?

to help mourners grieve to help bereaved people move on with their lives.

Select all that apply Which of the following are goals of the Healthy People 2020 initiative?

to promote quality of life across every stage of life to achieve health equity for all groups and individuals to avoid preventable diseases

Which of the following would be the best example of a cultural difference that may negatively affect health?

traditions that include eating high-fat foods

When practicing visualization, you should

try to identify all the perceptible qualities of the scene.