HIST1302 - InQuizitive - Ch 29: A New Frontier and a Great Society, 1960-1968
Put the following key events of 1968 in chronological order.
1. Johnson announces he is not seeking reelection. 2. Martin Luther King Jr. is assassinated. 3. Senator Robert Kennedy is assassinated. 4. Riots erupt at the Democratic National Convention of 1968. 5. Richard Nixon wins the presidency.
Put the following civil rights efforts and accomplishments in chronological order.
1. Student activists form the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) to work toward integration. 2. The assaults on Freedom Riders bring the brutality of white racists to the nation's attention. 3. The Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) requires interstate transportation facilities to integrate. 4. James Meredith attempts to enroll at the University of Mississippi. 5. Martin Luther King Jr. writes his "Letter from Birmingham Jail." 6. Kennedy announces his intention to pass a significant new civil rights bill.
Put the following events of the Cuban missile crisis in chronological order.
1. The United States installs nuclear missiles along the Soviet border in Turkey. 2. Soviets secretly install nuclear missiles in Cuba. 3. U.S. spy planes photograph Soviet missile sites in Cuba. 4. The United States establishes a naval blockade of Cuba. 5. Soviet ships do not challenge the U.S. naval quarantine of Cuba. 6. The United States publicly agrees not to invade Cuba.
Complete the passage below about the experiences of U.S. military forces in Vietnam.
American soldiers experienced great struggle and frustration in Vietnam, many of which stemmed from their lack of training in GUERRILLA TACTICS employed by the VIET CONG. The environment also posed a challenge to American soldiers, who were not used to the hot and humid climate and the expanse of THICK JUNGLES.
Complete the passage below about John F. Kennedy and the issue of civil rights.
During his 1960 presidential campaign, Kennedy won over a majority of the African American community after facilitating a national effort to REGISTER black voters as well as the release of Martin Luther King Jr. from prison. Despite various legislative achievements, such as the Peace Corps and the Alliance for Progress, Kennedy was much less active in engaging with CONSERVATIVE SOUTHERN DEMOCRATS in Congress on the issue of RACIAL EQUALITY.
Nixon's victory in the election of 1968 was the result of the nation's desire to keep fighting the Vietnam War.
FALSE
Match each Great Society and War on Poverty initiative to its description.
HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT ACT - provided development funds for cities; helped poor families afford their rent APPALACHIAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT ACT - funded anti-poverty programs in remote mountain areas FOOD STAMP ACT - helped the poor afford groceries and improve their nutrition HIGHER EDUCATION ACT - created scholarships for poor students; reduced student loan interest rates
Complete the passage below describing Medicare and Medicaid.
Medicare is a federal program that provides health insurance for SENIOR CITIZENS. Medicaid is a federal program that provides coverage of medical costs for THE POOR OF ALL AGES.
Identify the speaker of the following quotation, along with when and why it was spoken: "We have just delivered the South to the Republican party for a long time to come." There will only be one match for each of the items.
SPEAKER - President Johnson WHEN - after the passage of the Civil Rights Act WHY - reacting to the fury of white southern conservatives
According to President Kennedy, "The civil rights movement owes Bull Connor as much as it owes Abraham Lincoln." The nonviolent confrontation tactics employed by the civil rights movement were effective in drawing public attention to segregation in the South. Pictured: Policemen unleash their dogs on nonviolent civil rights demonstrators in Birmingham, Alabama, in May 1963.
TRUE
Kennedy's New Frontier domestic program included increased federal aid to education, medical insurance for the elderly, and anti-poverty initiatives—three major proposals that were all blocked in Congress.
TRUE
Which of the following were among the achievements of the Supreme Court under Chief Justice Earl Warren?
TRUE - It sought to ensure that felony defendants' economic circumstances would not stand in the way of access to legal defense and advice. TRUE - It upheld constitutional protections against government-supported religion. FALSE - It strengthened the authority of prosecutors and law enforcement by speeding up the interrogation process of those accused of crimes. FALSE - It enforced the integration of public schools by excluding all states and localities from the process.
What was Johnson's initial approach to the war in Vietnam?
TRUE - Job Corps TRUE - Community Action Program TRUE - Head Start FALSE - Equal Employment Opportunities
Complete the passage below about the legacy of Johnson's Great Society.
The Great Society and War on Poverty were not the sweeping successes Johnson had envisioned. The Vietnam War was partially responsible for draining funds from the programs. Lasting achievements included MEDICARE AND MEDICAID, which remain popular and effective today, as well as the significant decrease in the number of ELDERLY AMERICANS in poverty. Johnson's programs provoked bitterness among the MIDDLE class, triggering a conservative backlash and drastically altering the public's expectations of the federal government.
Complete the passage below about the foundation for Johnson's War on Poverty.
The crux of the War on Poverty was the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, which initiated eleven new programs to be administered by the Office of Economic Opportunity. Among these community-based initiatives were JOB CORPS, which offered training programs for the long-term unemployed, and HEAD START, which provided educational resources for preschoolers in low-income families. The VOLUNTEERS IN SERVICE TO AMERICA sent volunteers to urban areas to fight poverty.
After signing the Civil Rights Act of 1964 into law, President Lyndon B. Johnson said, "[W]e have just delivered the South to the Republican party for a long time to come." What did Johnson mean by this statement, and what evidence suggests that his predictions were at least partially correct?
TRUE - Johnson worried that his support for African American civil rights would cause white southerners to turn away from the Democratic party and vote Republican in future elections. TRUE - Although Johnson won the 1964 presidential election, Republican challenger Barry Goldwater carried five formerly Democrat-leaning states in the Lower South. FALSE - Although Nixon ultimately won the 1968 presidential election, Johnson's party won most southern states. FALSE - Johnson expressed pride and satisfaction that his new civil rights legislation would draw many more southern voters to his party in the future.
Which of the following statements accurately assess President John F. Kennedy's efforts to contain communism?
TRUE - Kennedy's embarrassment in the Bay of Pigs fiasco led him to assume a much tougher stance in later confrontations over communism. TRUE - Kennedy was willing to use military force abroad and had one of the most aggressive positions against communism since Truman and Eisenhower. FALSE - Kennedy is often called a cold war conservative because of his consistent success in handling international confrontations with the Soviet Union. FALSE - Even early in his presidency, Kennedy insisted on developing and initiating all special operations plans himself, including the Bay of Pigs invasion.
Which of the following statements accurately describe the impact of Johnson's major War on Poverty and Great Society initiatives?
TRUE - The Great Society initiatives succeeded in helping to provide federal protection for civil and political rights, reducing infant mortality, increasing educational outcomes, and decreasing malnutrition. TRUE - The Great Society altered Americans' expectations about the size, power, and function of the federal government in society and the economy. FALSE - Through the War on Poverty, Johnson mostly eradicated poverty across the United States due to job training and job creation programs. FALSE - The secure funding and thoughtful planning behind the War on Poverty and Great Society kept the Vietnam War from interfering with Johnson's domestic agenda.
Which of the following were among the terms of the agreement between the United States and the Soviet Union that resolved the Cuban missile crisis and its surrounding tensions?
TRUE - The Soviet Union would remove its missiles in Cuba. TRUE - The United States would sell the Soviet Union its surplus wheat. TRUE - A "hotline" would be installed between Washington and Moscow for instant contact between leaders. TRUE - The United States would make a public pledge not to invade Cuba. TRUE - The United States would agree in secret to remove its missiles from Turkey. FALSE - The United States would be able to keep U.S. missiles in Italy and Britain.
Which of the following statements accurately assess John F. Kennedy's efforts in terms of civil rights while president?
TRUE - Violent reactions to civil rights demonstrators in the South forced Kennedy to use troops to intervene. TRUE - Kennedy and his administration were, at best, reluctant participants in the civil rights movement. TRUE - Kennedy's preoccupation with international crises contributed to his lack of interest in supporting the civil rights of African Americans. FALSE - Kennedy worked tirelessly to urge Congress to pass laws that would protect the rights of every American, regardless of race.
What was the Bay of Pigs, and how did it plan to restrict the spread of communism?
TRUE - a strategic invasion of Cuba intended to spark a wider native Cuban rebellion against Castro TRUE - an American initiative to train anti-Castro Cubans TRUE - a secret CIA operation to overthrow dictator Fidel Castro FALSE - an FBI operation that involved the training of undercover U.S. agents FALSE - a program that encouraged U.S. civilians to report Communist activity within their communities
How did the Tet offensive affect civilian perceptions of the U.S. war effort in Vietnam?
TRUE - caused a significant decline in civilian support for the war TRUE - contradicted consistently optimistic claims by military leaders about the war FALSE - It galvanized civilian support because the surprise attack was successful. FALSE - It left the higher ranks of the military deeply uncertain about Johnson's strategy.
What was the Tonkin Gulf Resolution, and what piece of misleading information served as its basis?
TRUE - gave the president unlimited authority in defense of U.S. forces abroad TRUE - based on Johnson's false account of the Tonkin Gulf incident as a Viet Cong attack FALSE - based on a Pentagon leak revealing that the CIA controlled the Viet Cong FALSE - gave Congress total control over the military in the war in Vietnam
What did the Revenue Act of 1964 accomplish, and how did it impact the success of future War on Poverty reforms?
TRUE - reduced tax rates by 20 percent TRUE - increased consumer spending TRUE - boosted economic growth TRUE - reduced unemployment FALSE - increased tax rates on the highest income bracket FALSE - cut tax rates for the bottom 50 percent of Americans FALSE - improved Johnson's relationship with labor unions
Why did the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) send a group of eighteen Freedom Riders to New Orleans by public bus?
TRUE - to draw the attention of the Kennedy administration to the cause of civil rights in the South TRUE - to "test" the federal court ruling that banned racial segregation on buses, on trains, and in terminals FALSE - to prove that no harm would come to the bus riders and to demonstrate that integration was safe for blacks
