history-18

*yellow journalism?*

Newspapers exaggerated to boost their sales as well as to provoke American intervention in Cuba -reporters such as James Creelman—of "Butcher" Weyler's brutality. Stories of poisoned wells and of children being thrown to the sharks deepened

*Boxer Rebellion*

Some Chinese formed secret societies pledged to rid the country of "foreign devils." The most famous of these secret groups were the Boxers -named by Westerners because members practiced martial arts. -The Boxers killed hundreds of missionaries and other foreigners, as well as Chinese converts to Christianity. -In August 1900, troops from Britain, France, Germany, and Japan joined about 2,500 American soldiers and marched on the Chinese capital. Within two months,the international forces put down the Boxer Rebellion.Thousands of Chinese people died during the fighting.

-"you furnish the pictures and I'll furnish the war"?

When Hearst sent the gifted artist Frederic Remington to Cuba to draw sketches of reporters' stories, Remington informed the publisher that a war between the United States and Spain seemed very unlikely. Hearst reportedly replied, "You furnish the pictures and I'll furnish the war."

*Open Door Policy?*

The United States began to fear that China would be carved into colonies and American traders would be shut out. -To protect american interest U.S. Secretary of State John Hay issued, in 1899, a series of policy statements called the Open Door notes. -The notes were letters addressed to the leaders of imperialist nations proposing that the nations share their trading rights with the United States, thus creating an open door. - This meant that no single nation would have a monopoly on trade with any part of China. The other imperialist powers reluctantly accepted this policy

*Theodore Roosevelt*

a New Yorker, had given up his job as Assistant Secretary of the Navy to lead the group of volunteers. He would later become president of the United States

*Treaty of Paris 1898*

between United States and Spain On December 10, 1898, in Paris 1-Spain freed Cuba 2-turned over the islands of Guam in the Pacific and Puerto Rico in the West Indies to the United States. 3-Spain also sold the Philippines to the United States for $20 million.

*advantages of building a canal?*

canal would greatly reduce travel time for commercial and military ships by providing a shortcut between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.

*Jose Marti*

-Cuban poet and journalist in exile in New York, launched a revolution in 1895. -organized Cuban resistance against Spain, using an active guerrilla campaign and deliberately destroying property, especially American-owned sugar mills and plantations. - Martí counted on provoking U.S. intervention to help the rebels achieve Cuba Libre!—a free Cuba.

*citizenship? 1917?*

-In 1901, in the Insular Cases, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the Constitution did not automatically apply to people in acquired territories. - Congress, however, retained the right to extend U.S. citizenship, and it granted that right to Puerto Ricans in 1917. - It also gave them the right to elect both houses of their legislature

*Roosevelt Corollary *

-Monroe Doctrine, which had been issued in 1823 by President James Monroe. -The Monroe Doctrine demanded that European countries stay out of the affairs of Latin American nations. -" In his December 1904 message to Congress, Roosevelt added the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. -He warned that disorder in Latin America might "force the United States . . . to the exercise of an international police power." -the corollary said that the United States would now use force to protect its economic interests in Latin America.

*imperialist powers in 1800s*

-Spain,Russia,US, Japan , British

*industry and imperialism*

-advances in technology enabled American farms and factories to produce far more than American citizens could consume. - Now the United States needed raw materials for its factories and new markets for its agricultural and manufactured goods. - Imperialists viewed foreign trade as the solution to American overproduction and the related problems of unemployment and economic depression.

*Spanish-American War*

1-In 1898, the United States went to war to help Cuba win its independence from Spain. 2- the first battle of the war took place in a Spanish colony on the other side of the world—the Philippine Island 3-TREATY OF PARIS end the war

Identify two people, ideas, or events that helped to ignite the Spanish-American war explain rule they played

1-a private letter written by Enrique Dupuy de Lôme, the Spanish minister to the United States. A Cuban rebel had stolen the letter from a Havana post office and leaked it to the newspaper, which was thirsty for scandal. The de Lôme letter criticized President McKinley, calling him "weak" and "a bidder for the admiration of the crowd." 2-Early in 1898, President McKinley had ordered the U.S.S. Maine to Cuba to bring home American citizens in danger from the fighting and to protect American property. On February 15, 1898, the ship blew up in the harbor of Havana. More than 260 men were killed.

*anti-imperialism*

Anti-Imperialist league included some of the most prominent people in America, such as former president Grover Cleveland, industrial leader Andrew Carnegie, the social worker Jane Addams, and many leading writers. - Anti imperialists had different and sometimes conflicting reasons for their opposition, but all agreed that it was wrong for the United States to rule other people without their consent.

What were the three main roots of American imperialism?

1• desire for military strength 2• thirst for new markets 3• belief in cultural superiority

*Panama! Canal*

By the time Roosevelt became president, many Americans, including Roosevelt, felt that the United States needed a canal cutting across Central America. -As early as 1850, the United States and Britain had agreed to share the rights to such a canal. In the HayPauncefote Treaty of 1901, however, Britain gave the United States exclusive rights to build and control a canal through Central America. -Engineers identified two possible routes for the proposed canal. One, through Nicaragua, posed fewer obstacles because much of it crossed a large lake. The other route crossed through Panama (then a province of Colombia) and was shorter and filled with mountains and swamps. -In the late 1800s, a French company had tried to build a canal in Panama. After ten years, the company gave up. -It sent an agent, Philippe Bunau-Varilla, to Washington to convince the United States to buy its claim. In 1903, the president and Congress decided to use the Panama route and agreed to buy the French company's route for $40 million. Before beginning work on the Panama Canal,the United States had to get permission from Colombia, which then ruled Panama. - When these negotiations broke down, Bunau-Varilla helped organize a Panamanian rebellion against Colombia. - On November 3, 1903, nearly a dozen U.S. warships were present as Panama declared its independence. Fifteen days later, Panama and the United

*john J. Pershing? Pancho Villa*

Carranza was in charge, but like others before him, he did not have the support of all Mexicans. Rebels under the leadership of Francisco "Pancho" Villa opposed Carranza's provisional government. when President Wilson recognized Carranza's government, Villa threatened reprisals against the United States. In January 1916, Carranza invited American engineers to operate mines in northern Mexico. Before they reached the mines, however, Villa's men took the Americans off a train and shot them. Two months later, some of Villa's followers raided Columbus, New Mexico, and killed 17 Americans. Americans held Villa responsible. President Wilson ordered Brigadier General John J. Pershing and an expeditionary force of about 15,000 soldiers into Mexico to capture Villa dead or alive. For almost a year, Villa eluded Pershing's forces. Wilson then called out 150,000 National Guardsmen and stationed them along the Mexican border.

*U.S.S. Maine*

Early in 1898, President McKinley had ordered the U.S.S. Maine to Cuba to bring home American citizens in danger from the fighting and to protect American property. On February 15, 1898, the ship blew up in the harbor of Havana. More than 260 men were killed.

*King Kalakaua*

Hawaii's King had been strong-armed by white business leaders. They forced him to amend Hawaii's constitution, effectively limiting voting rights to only wealthy landowners. But when died in 1891, his sister Queen Liliuokalani came to power with a "Hawaii for Hawaiians

*Platt Amendment*

In 1900 the newly formed Cuban government wrote a constitution for an independent Cuba. The constitution did not specify the relationship between Cuba and the United States. -in 1901, the U.S insisted that Cuba add to its constitution several provisions, known as the Platt Amendment,stating that 1• Cuba could not make treaties that might limit its independence or permit a foreign power to control any part of its territory 2•U.S reserved the right to intervene in Cuba 3•Cuba was not to go into debt that its government could not repay 4• the United States could buy or lease land on the island for naval stations and refueling stations Platt Amendment became part of a treaty between the two nations, and it remained in effect for 31 years. Under the terms of the treaty, Cuba became a U.S. protectorate, a country whose affairs are partially controlled by a stronger power.

*Cuba/US constitution*

In 1900 the newly formed Cuban government wrote a constitution for an independent Cuba. The constitution, however, did not specify the relationship between Cuba and the United States. Consequently, in 1901, theUnited States insisted that Cuba add to its constitution several provisions, known as the Platt Amendment,stating that

*statehood of Puerto Rico?*

Not all Puerto Ricans wanted independence, as Muñoz Rivera did. Some wanted statehood, while still others hoped for some measure of local self-government as an American territory. -As a result, the United States gave Puerto Ricans no promises regarding independence after the Spanish-American War. -Puerto Ricans have debated their status, In 1967, 1993, and 1998, Puer to Ricans rejected both statehood and independence in favor of commonwealth, a status given the island in 1952. As members of a commonwealth, - Puer to Ricans are U.S. citizens. They can move freely between the island and the mainland and are subjected to the military draft but cannot vote in U.S. presidential elections. -A majority of Puer to Ricans have rejected statehood because they fear it would mean giving up their Latino culture.

*Foraker Act*

Passed by the congress in 1900, which ended military rule and set up a civil government. The act gave the president of the United States the power to appoint Puerto Rico's governor and members of the upper house of its legislature. Puerto Ricans could elect only the members of the legislature's lower house.

*1906 Nobel Peace Prize*

Roosevelt mediate peace negotiations.in 1905, between Russian and Japanese

*Imperialism*

The policy in which stronger nations extend their economic, political, or military control over weaker territories