History 3/6/19

Why are Etruscans considered to be a part of prehistory?

Etruscans belong to prehistory because their language is far from being understood.

Laws were never written down, which.....

led to Patricians constantly changing the laws.

Only patricians could serve in what

the Senate, and serve as Consul.

Discuss how the city of Rome changed as it developed into an empire.

It go larger, started to build more and nicer buildings, they had urban development (sewres).

Responsibilities of Senators?

1.) Made laws for the city, 2.) Served as judges on the most important legal matters 3.) They chose two leaders who commanded Roman affairs

Number of people in the Senate?

300

During times of crisis, how long were dictators allowed to rule?

6 months

What year was Rome founded?

753 BC

Descriptions of a Plebeian

95% all Romans were plebeian, low-class called the plebeians, Required to pay taxes and serve in the military, Plebs served as peasants, laborers, and craftsman, "Plebs" means "many"

How was marriage different in Etruscan and later Roman life than most of the civilizations we have studied thus far?

It was monogamous.

What government position managed games and entertainment for the people?

Aediles

Why is the true origin of the Etruscan people unknown?

All of the older records were destroyed and they look so similar to the romans.

How did Rome's conquests lead to economic expansion?

As their influence spread they started to mint their own coins. In 211 BCE they introduced a small silver coin which became their standard unit of measurement. As standardized currency facilitated trade across the Roman world coins could be exchanged for any goods or services and were easy to transport. Since currency made it easier to relocate and direct resources this encouraged more economic interactions.

How were legions and centuries similar? How were they different?

Centuries were part of the legion but could act separately

How did Etruscan culture impact Rome's religious beliefs?

Greek gods adapted to Etruscan gods which was then used by Romans for there gods. Then the romans religion turned to christianity.

How did Julius Caesar build on the work of Sulla with regard to political rights for plebeians?

He illegally took one of its seats to maintain control over the tribune.

Explain how Rome exercised control over its empire as it expanded.

In order manage the new territories the Romans created formal provinces and appointed former political officeholders to manage them. Since the distance between most provinces and Rome were large the governors often had considerable power and flexibility in dealing with local issues. The Romans would try to create a balance between giving governors enough power to control their provinces and preventing governors from becoming so powerful that they could challenge Rome's authority.

How did Rome's society change over time with respect to political participation, and why do you think this happened?

In the beginning it was limited to the patricians (rich people) but then shifted to the plebeians (poor people). This happened because the lower classes forced the rich people to change. They were able to force them because there were much more lower class people than there were upper class people.

What is the difference between the infantry and calvary?

Infantry was the part of the army that served on foot and the calvary served on horseback.

Descriptions of a Patrician

Only 5% of all Romans were Patricians, Were given the best land and often advised the Etruscan kings. Chose advisors to the King, A high-class called the patrician, "Patres" means "Father"

Laws were very biased and favored who

Patricians

What government position served as a treasurer?

Quaestors

Why did Rome expand?

Rome came into conflict with surrounding city-states, kingdoms, and empires and had to find ways to incorporate these territories.

Explain how the Etruscan form of rule contributed to the government of Rome after Tarquin.

Rome was influenced by them so they turned into an oligarchy.

Which dictator began limiting plebeian power?

Sulla

Explain the connection between Greek, Etruscan, and Roman architecture.

The Etruscan took after the Greek acutrector. So then the Romans took after the Etruscan empire.

You ruled Rome before the patricians

The Etruscans

Describe the Etruscans' creation of the Forum and why it was important to Rome.

The Forum became the heart of Roman society and trade. It also Contributed to the rise of Rome and its culture.

The Conflict of the Orders represents what?

The Plebeians attempt to finally fight back.

How long did the Roman Empire or its successors survive?

The Roman Empire lasted from 27 b.c.e. - 410 c.e and the Byzantine Empire succeeded Rome in East until 1453

What rights were taken from plebeians as the republic began to fall?

The Ruler ignored their veto power and refused to support a tribune member's attempt at higher office.

What rules were placed on consuls?

The Senate could veto a decision the consuls made. Consuls only served a one- year term and could not be elected again for ten years.

Explain the basic idea of Roman Republic's political identity? What was at the core of Rome's philosophy?

The idea was limited power for one person. They didn't want one person to have too much control because they didn't want them to take over.

How did citizenship vary in the Roman republic?

There were three types of citizens. The full citizen who could hold public office, vote on key issues, marry freeborn people, and practice business. Other citizens were not allowed to vote or hold public office but could still practice business. A third type of citizen could vote and practice business, but could not hold office or marry freeborn people

Explain the justification for Rome allowing the rich greater influence in politics and the military.

They believed that those who had more money had more to lose. So they thought they had a greater motive for wanting to win so that's why they made them soldiers. If they lost then they would lose their money and property.

What did the Etruscans call themselves?

They called themselves Rasains

What powers did the Roman Assembly have?

They create laws and obtain sole power to choose the Consoles of rome

Describe the rights of women and children in ancient Rome:

They gave few rights to women. For example, Roman law regarded that the wife was ". . . is the property of her husband and completely subjected to his will." Children also had few rights. For example if a children was born with a deformity, or was determined to be weak at birth, Roman law supported their execution if the father asked for it.

How did Rome's geography protect Rome from attack?

They had rugged mountains that separate northern Italy from the rest of Europe which provide good protection.

Overall, summarize how the Etruscans influenced Roman culture?

They influenced most of the roman culture because the romans looked to the people before them for inspiration. That's why there art, government, religion, and much more are influenced by them.

A republic was established when Patricians rebelled. What is a republic?

They made it to were a group of 300 men called the Senate that would run the country.

How did Roman political structures limit the influence of the poor?

They used the Comitia Centrurain (voting assembly) which only changed its people every 100 years. Each had one group but the wealthy were split into smaller groups than the poor, giving the vote of a wealthy Roman more influence.

Where did traditions say the Etruscans originated, and how does that fit with ideas from the Aeneid?

They were from the asian minor according to tradition. It fits because the trojans ( romans) were in troy so that is why the etruscans say that as well because the etruscans were the link between greece and rome.

Why was Rome's location important to its development as a strong city and eventual world power?

They were in the middle of the medditarent it was easy to go all directions which makes it very easy to trade with lots of different and fight with people.

Who are the Consuls, and how are they chosen?

They were two leaders and one focused on maintaining order and security at home while the other commanded the military to protect the city from foreign threats. They were chosen by the Senators.

Explain Rome's strategy for integrating conquered areas into the empire.

They were very nice to conquered people and let them do what they wanted. They would even offer them roman citizenship and some were even allowed to vote. So they integrated them by making them on the same level as the original roman citizens.

How did Rome deal with the tremendous distances over which it had to travel and communicate to manage its empire? In other words, with the seat of power in Rome itself, how was the empire managed?

They would tax things so they could make roads. They made these that connected all of their empire together. So they could easily get to other places in the empire.

How was slavery different in Rome than elsewhere around the world later in history?

Unlike the rest of history slavery in rome was not a racial matter. Slaves in rome were mostly criminals or foreigners who lost in war.

Plebeians and who else were barred from the new political process

Women and Children