History 8th grade 100 facts

immigrant, emigrant

. A person who moves into a new country is an_a person who moves out of a country and into another is an_

amendment

A change to a document is called an_

Quartering Act

A law forcing colonists to house and feed British soldiers was the _, later inspireing the third amendment.

House of Burgesses

A law making body formed during early colonization in Virgina was called the _.

delegate

A representative is also called a_

Jim Crow Laws

After the Civil War,_required that African Americans and whites be separated in public places.

writs of assistance.

An order allowing Brittish officials to conduct searches of homes was the _.

Infantry family

An_included poor men who were drafted into the war and were forced to bring their families along with them.

Kansas-Nebraska Act

As a result of the_the question of slavery was to be decided by Popular Sovereignty.

Loyalists

Colonists who supported the British during the war were called _

Patriots

Colonists who supported the war against Britain were called _

American System

Currency, the National Bank and canals were elements of the Henry Clay_

Virginia Plan

Edmond Randolf proposed the_which supported a bicameral Congress with representation of each state based on population.

Frederick Douglass

Freed slave and anti-slavery activist_founded the North Star, a newspaper promoting freedom for slaves.

Texas

In 1836, _gained its independence from Mexico.

John Brown

In 1859, abolitionist_raided Harper's Ferry to steal weapons to arm slaves for a revolt

the Treaty of Paris of 1783

In _Great Britain recognized the independence of the United States.

Womens' Rights Movement

In the 1840's, the_began, ultimately resulting in the passage of voting rights included in the 19th Amendment.

Proclamation of 1763

In the _, King George forbade the colonists to settle west of the Appalachian mountians.

Samuel Gompers

In the early 1900s,_led the American Federation of Labor (AFL), which was focused on better working conditions and pay for skilled workers.

Intolerable Acts

Laws passed in 1774 by Parliament, such as closing the port of Boston, and increasing the powers of the governor, were called the _

Popular Sovereignty

Many compromises were founded on_the idea that political power belongs to the people.

Louisiana Purchase.

Napoleon (France) sold the Louisiana territory to America for $15 million, roughly doubling the size of the U.S.; this was called the _

Pontiac

Ottawa cheif _ fought heavily against Brittish settlement west of the Appalachians

Cincinnatus

Our Founding Fathers believed that_came up with the idea of "Civic Virtue," putting others needs before your own, which was essential in establishing an effective government.

indentured servant

Someone who trades the cost of passage to America for services they would give for the next 4-7 years is an_

Trail of Tears

The U.S. Army moved 15,000 Cherokee west during the winter of 1838-39 resulting in the deaths of 4,000; this became known as the_

Emancipation Proclamation

The _issued by Lincoln, freed all the slaves in "rebel" states, it also allowed blacks to enlist in the military.

Battle of Vicksburg

The _led to Union control of the Mississippi River, cutting off trade to the south.

Battle of Gettysburg

The _was the bloodiest three-day battle fought on American soil. Lincoln later dedicated this battleground.

Executive Branch.

The branch of government that carries out the laws made by the Legislative Branch is called the_

Legislative Branch

The branch of government that creates the laws is the_

Judicial Branch.

The branch of government that interprets the fairness of the laws is the

Alexander Hamilton, Thomas Jefferson

The differing opinions of_and_over various issues (Alien/Sedition Acts, the National Bank, and the debt left from the Revolution) led to the development of two political parties.

Declaration of Independence

The document that declared independence from Britain and contains the phrase "...all men are created equal..." is the_

Andrew Jackson

The expansion of voting rights and the election of _signaled the growing power of the American people.

Battle of Bunker Hill

The famous saying, "Don't fire until you see the whites of their eyes!" was said at the _

Bill of Rights

The first ten amendments to the Constitution are called the _

Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment

The ideas of the_and the_influenced colonial leaders and the thinking behind the Declaration of Independence.

Manifest Destiny

The ideologies of_and the outcome of the Texas-Mexican war led to U.S. expansion to the Pacific.

California Trail, Oregon Trail

The longest trails west were the_ and the_Each was 2,000 miles and took six months to travel.

Nat Turner's Rebellion

The most violent slave revolt in the United States occurred in 1831 and is known as_

House of Representatives, Senate

The number of members of the_is based on the state's population, while the_has two members per state.

quorum

The number of people present and necessary to hold a meeting is a_

New England Colonies, Middle Colonies, Southern Colonies

The origional colonies were divided into three regions, _, _, and _.

Great Awakening

The period of religious revival that occurred during the 1730s-50s was the_

Congress.

The power to declare war belongs to_

Reconstruction

The rebuilding period following the Civil War was called_

suffrage

The right to vote is referred to as_

Bull Run

The severe loss at_the first major Civil War battle, shattered the North's hopes of winning the war quickly.

checks and balances.

The system established in the Constitution, giving authority to each branch of government, allowing each some authority over the other is called_

economic growth, population

The transcontinental railroad increased both_and the_in the west

Shays' Rebellion

The uprising of farmers to protest high taxes and heavy debt became known as_

Mexican-American War

The victory after the _increased the size of the United States by almost 25%.

electoral college.

The voting system used to elect the president is the_

Civil War

The war that was fought over Nation's Rights vs. State's Rights was the_

13th,14th,15thAmendments

The_are known as the Civil Rights Amendments because they are about ending slavery, extending citizenship, and adding suffrage for African Americans.

Great Compromise

The_called for two houses in Congress: one based on population, the other given two representatives per state.

Monroe Doctrine

The_established two ideals: Europe could not colonize in America any longer and America would not interfere with European conflicts.

First Amendment

The_guarantees our right to free speech.

New Jersey Plan

The_supported the idea that each state would have one vote regardless of population.

Industrial Revolution

The_was an era when factories and machines were used for mass production for the first time in the U.S.

War of 1812

The_was fought against Britain over land, impressment, and the furnishing of weapons to Native Americans.

Federalist Papers

The_were a collection of essays written by James Madison, John Jay, and Alexander Hamilton which supported the Constitution.

culture

Writers, such as James Fenimore Cooper and Washington Irving were inspired by the new frontier, thus creating a new American_

The Indian Removal Act

_ in 1830 authorized the removal of Native Americans who lived east of the Mississippi River to lands in the west.

English Bill of Rights

_, passed in 1689, reduced the powers of the English monarch.

Articles of confederation

_, written by Benjiman Franklin, proposed a unified government for the colonies

John Lock

_and his "Social Contract" theory influenced our Founding Fathers with the idea that a government should protect one's natural rights.

Baron de Montesquie

_believed the only way people could achieve liberty was through the separation of governmental powers.

The 54th Massachusetts Infantry

_consisted of mostly freed African Americans. In July 1863 this regiment led a heroic charge on South Carolina's Fort Wagner.

The Missouri Compromise

_continued the balance of free and slave states but subsequently suspended the addition of new states or territories.

The transcontinental railroad

_crossed the continent and connected East to West.

The Virgina Statute for Religious Freedom

_declared that no person could be forced to attend a particular church or be required to pay for a church with tax money.

The Treaty of Fort Jackson

_ended the Creek War and forced the Creek to give up millions of acres of their land.

Lewis and Clark

_explored the Great Plains and Rocky Mountains in search of the Northwest Passage.

Eli Whitney

_had two important inventions: interchangeable parts and the cotton gin, which helped kick-start the Industrial Revolution.

Nationalism

_is a feeling of pride and loyalty to a nation.

Transcendentalism

_is the belief that people could transcend, or rise above, material things in life

Separation of Powers

_is the division of power among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches.

Federalism

_is the system of government where power is shared between the national and state governments.

Mayflower Compact

_represents one of the one of the first attempts at self government in the English colonies.

Henry Clay's

_series of measures intended to make the U.S. economically self-sufficient was called the American System.

The Whiskey Rebellion

_set a precedent for organized protests when farmers lashed out against the tax on whiskey.

The Treaty of Ghent

_signed in Belgium on December 24, 1814, ended the War of 1812.

The First Continental Congress

_was a gathering of delegates from throughout the colonies who decided to halt all trade with Britain and prepare for war

"Common Sense"

_was a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine in 1776, to persuade colonists to become independent.

The Lowell System

_was based on water-powered textile mills that employed young, unmarried women from local farms.

James Madison

_was considered the "Father of the Constitution."

Patrick Henry

_was famous for saying "...give me liberty or give me death!" in a speech presented to the Virginia assembly.

The Battle of Antietam

_was known as the bloodiest single-day battle of the Civil War and of U.S. history.

The Battle of Lexington

_was the first battle of the American Revolution where "The shot heard around the world..." was fired.

Henry Ford

_was the first to implement the moving assembly line.

Carnegie and Rockefeller

_were two of the most successful corporate leaders of their time.

Muckrakers

_wrote about troubling issues like child labor, racial discrimination, slum housing and corruption in business. (paparazzi)

The Magna Carta

a document signed by King John in 1215, made the king subject to law.

Harriet Tubman

was called the "Moses of her people" because she led so many slaves to freedom by means of the Underground Railroad.

Jamestown

was the first permanent English settlement in North America.

The Battle of Yorktown

was the last major battle of the American Revolution.

Ironclads

were ships heavily armored with iron and were vital to the Vicksburg campaign