History and Thought of a Western Man Art Rec # 2
5 Greatest Achievments of art during this time?
*Naturalism *organization of space *invention of parallel perspective (vanishing point) *use of the classical motifs *new dignity of the individual
Baroque...
used dynamic and intense emotion
Neo Classicism
"Age of Reason" * sought to revive the ideas of ancient Greek and Roman art * art reflected serious, calm subject presented with simple lines with a sense of order and purpose * artists used classical forms to express their ideals of courage sacrifice and patriotism * heroic moral are themes in classical history that were used to inspire the causes of the French Revolution
Periods of Medieval Art
* ROMANESQUE ~ 1000- 1150 * GOTHIC~ ca. 1150-1400 ** sculptures were always painted, wore stylized clothing, few nudes**
What was medieval arts purpose?
* The majority of medieval people were illiterate or functionally literate. Therefore churches and governments used art to tell the stories and share important info of this age
Characteristics of Renaissance sculptures
* a harmony of all parts *symmetry and order of geometric proportions *designs using Classical architectural elements
Characteristics of Renaissance Paintings
* harmonious proportions *reintroduction of chiaroscuro-like shading in a picture *perfection of geometric or parallel perspective (vanishing point )
Mannerism
* period of technical accomplishments; formulaic, theatrical, technical, and overly stylized work * characterized by complex and crowded compositions, with muscular and elongated figures in complex poses extreme colors *1521 outbreak of Black Death,Mannerism spread quickly. (Suffering anxiety, confusion) *intense spiritual nature
ADDITIONAL NOTES:
*Barrel vault -extension of a simple arc -tunnel like -used with concrete -mosaic
ADDITIONAL NOTES
*Chiaroscuro - the use of light and dark in order to make a piece more dramatic
13 CENTURY:
*Christian painting and sculpture were just beginning to break away from earlier conventions *breaking away to give greater human emotional content to religious subject *the life and teaching of St. Francis of Assisi largely responsible for change *contacts with French Gothic art is also influential
ADDITIONAL NOTES
*Foreshortening -the visual effect or optical illusion that causes an object or distance to appear shorter than it actually is because it is angled towards the viewer
Timeline of Art Movements
*Gothic Period (1150-1400) *Early Renaissance (1400-1470) *High Renaissance (1470-1520) *Mannerism (1520-1590) *Baroque (1590-1700) *Rococo (1700-1780) *Neo Classicism (1780-1830)
ADDITIONAL NOTES:
*Groin vault -formed by two barrel vaults intersecting at right angles
ADDITIONAL NOTES:
*LIMBOURG BROTHERS: -Hernan, Jean and Paul -Most Famous creators of Gothic figure ***Epitome of illuminated manuscripts***
15TH CENTURY:
*More detailed observation of man himself and of nature -anatomy -perspective -landscape surroundings -details of nature -form and color of light *curiosity about a mans achievement in Italy's past- that is the classic past *preoccupation with the study of classic culture and art *classic culture brought mythology and the ideal of beauty
16TH CENTURY:
*Neo Platonism *Michaelangelo and Raphael brought highest achievment in paintig in Rome *attempt to reconcile paganism (polytheism) and Christianity floundered. reason why it almost went back to paganism is becauser they went back to the classics- Greek and Roman times, and back then they had multiple gods *the Reformation intervened and the work of the mannerists (mannerists reflected instability, rather than balance), shows what resulted in paintings *the counter reformation ushered in the new period, the Baroque *The Baroque exaggerated motion to create drama and tension, this is the counter reformation, replaced the mannerists
ADDITIONAL NOTES:
*Pointed arch -arch with a point -Gothic characteristic
ADDITIONAL NOTES:
*Post and Lintel -Fundamental principle of ancient Greek architecture
ADDITIONAL NOTES:
*Spires -steeply pointed or conical termination to a tower
14TH CENTURY:
*shift in subject matter and interest in the human being himself and his physical surroundings *secularization (meaning of the world) or religious subject matter is apparent in the paintings
Rococo
*the style characterized by intimacy of scale asymmetry and grace which superseded the gandeur of Baroque. Born in France in the earlt 1700's. the style included the chreub, scroll, rock and plant motiffs *less intense than the Baroque, but still in the Baroque *less bright/dark *use of pastel colors *diagonals arent as drastic and deep
Gothic church characteristics:
- many windows - towers -height -lightness -soaring spaces -flying buttress: used to transmit the thrust of a vault across the intervening space (reduces load on wall) - still shaped like a cross, but more elaborate
Romanesque church characteristics :
- very heavy, massive -thick walls - round arches - groin vaults - overall appearance were simple - clearly delineated areas, each part had a meaning
Characteristics of Renaissance
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Donatello (1386-1466)
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Early Renaissance (before 1475) ITALIAN ARTISTS
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Giovanni Bellini ()
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Masacchio ()
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Sandro Bottilcelli ()
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Aristotlelianism
Created by Leon Batista Alberti *art based on the writing of Aristotle *conception of the visible as beauty *Leonardo da Vinci was the pinnacle artist of this time
Birth/Death dates
Eleanor of Aquatine: 1122- April 1204 (age 81-82) Henry II: March 5,1133-July 6,1189 (age 56) Botticelli: March 1, 1445-May 17, 1510 (age 65) Donatello: 1386- December 13,1466 (age 80) Giotto: 1266 or 1267- January 8,1337 (age 71) Dante Alighieri : June 1,1265- September 14, 1321 (age 56) Jean Clouet: 1510-1541 (age 61) Francois Clouet: 1510-December 22, 1572 (age 62) Joan of Arc: January 6, 1412-May 30, 1431 (age 19) Leonardo Da Vinci: April 15, 1452- May 2, 1519 (age 67) El Greco: 1541- April 7,1614 (age 73) Albrechet Durer: May 21,1471-April 6, 1528 (age 56) Michelangelo: March 1475- February 18,1564 (age 88) Raphael:March 6 or April 28 1483-April 6,1520 (age 37)
Description of Male Beauty
He was not yet twenty-four years old, tall and straight, with broad shoulders, long powerful arms and long straight hands, low hips and strong lean legs (with no veins). He had barely begun to shave his small round chin, his lips were red, but not too full and his mouth was small; his nose was straight, with a long point; his eyes, which did most damage to a lady's heart, were well-spaced, brown, laughing and gentle under long arched eyebrows and brownish curly hair.
Medieval Canon
MEN: Medieval artist shows men whose height are 7 heads, but the legs take up more than half the body. Shoulders are not wide, pelvis is slightly narrower than 1-1/2 heads. Bones usually fine, thin bodies. WOMEN: Women have shorter legs but the space between the lower breast and navel is elongated, with breasts set very high upon the rib cage. Waistline is lost to long swelling stomach.
GOTHIC ART:
Painting in a style that can be called "Gothic" did not appear until about 1200, or nearly 50 years after the start of Gothic architecture and sculpture. The transition from Romanesque to Gothic is very imprecise and not at all a clear break, but we can see the beginnings of a style that is more somber, dark and emotional than in the previous period. This transition occurs first in England and France around 1200, in Germany around 1220 and Italy around 1300. Painting (the representation of images on a surface) during the Gothic period was practiced in 4 primary crafts: FRESCOES, PANEL PAINTINGS, MANUSCRIPT ILLUMINATION and STAINED GLASS *FRESCOES- (paintings on wet plaster) continued to be used as the main pictorial narrative craft on church walls in southern Europe as a continuation of early Christian and Romanesque traditions. *STAINED GLASS was the art of choice until the 15th century. It was colorful glass that were painted and heated, used in churches to show stories. Elongated figures. 2 dimensional expressions by gestures. stylized faces detailed with black enamel. *PANEL PAINTINGS- began in Italy in the 13th century and spread throughout Europe, so by the 15th century they had become the dominate form supplanting even stained glass. They were paintings done on flat wood platforms, could be one or more platforms. -Triptych: kinda like panel paintings. divided into 3 panels, sometimes carved high relief. middle panel is most important. it tells a story. hinged EPITOME OF GOTHIC PAINTINGS *ILLUMINATED MANUSCRIPTS- represented the most complete record of Gothic painting, providing a record of styles in places where no monumental works have otherwise survived. Painting with oil on canvas does not become popular until the 15th and 16th centuries and was a hallmark of Renaissance art. They were miniature pictures in literature. (created by the Limbourg Brothers)
Neo Platonism
Philosophy based on Early Christians *reconcile the teachings of Plato with Christian concepts *union of the classical, antique, and the Christians *The meaning of God to the Neo Platonist -God was beauty and source of beauty -God's image is man -The ideally beautiful man is God on this Earth *Michaelangelo
Renaissance Art (Elizabethan World)
Renaissance Art (Elizabethan World)
Description of Female Beauty
She was blonde with well-spaced grey eyes; little ears and "grossete" mouth, a white, round bosom, long thin arms, long fingers, long thin body, low hips, hollow back, round soft stomach, think legs and little feet. By ca1380, she was aged 15, with skin as white as the fleur-de-lis and rosy dimpled cheeks, fair hair, like fine gold, high forehead, little eyebrows, grey or green eyes, straight nose, round chin, red lips and compact white teeth. All this is set on top of high-set bosom, long arms, slender back, narrow waist, 'bon cul de Paris' and little round feet. (An ugly woman was considered fat, round as an apple, and dark as an owl.)
When did these works of literature come out?
Song of Roland:1040-1115 Sir Gaiwan and the Green Knight: 1350 The Farce of the Worthy Master Pierre Patelin: 1457 Everyman: 1510 The Decameron: 1531 Don Quixote: 1605
What werent the people proud of during the Renaissance?
They weren't proud of the Dark Ages, they were proud of the classics. They said "pride in the past, peace in the present, confidence in the future
What is this?
This is A LADY IN HER BATH ARTIST:Francois Clouet DATE: 1570 (Renaissance Period) TITLE: A Lady in Her Bath LOCATION:National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC PATRONS: MATERIALS: FUNCTION: STORY/SUBJECT: STYLE: ADDITIONAL NOTES:
What is this?
This is ALBA MADONNA ARTIST: Raphael DATE: 1511 ( High Renaissance Period) TITLE: Alba Madonna LOCATION: National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. PATRONS: MATERIALS: FUNCTION: STORY/SUBJECT: STYLE: ADDITIONAL NOTES:
What is this?
This is ANNUNCIATION ARTIST: Simone Martini DATE: 1333 (Medieval Period) TITLE: Annunciation LOCATION: Galeria Uffizi, Florence PATRONS: MATERIALS: FUNCTION: STORY/SUBJECT: STYLE: ADDITIONAL NOTES:
What this is?
This is BURIAL OF COUNT ORGAY ARTIST:El Greco DATE: 1586 (Renaissance Period) TITLE: Burial of Count Orgay LOCATION: Santa Tomeo, Toledo PATRONS: MATERIALS: FUNCTION: STORY/SUBJECT: STYLE: ADDITIONAL NOTES:
What is this?
This is CHI-RHO-IOTA ARTIST:Anonymous DATE: late 8th, early 9th century (Medieval Period) TITLE: Chi-rho-iota LOCATION: Trinity College, Dublin PATRONS: MATERIALS: FUNCTION: STORY/SUBJECT: STYLE: ADDITIONAL NOTES:
What is this?
This is CREATION OF ADAM ARTIST: Michelangelo DATE: 1511(High Renaissance Period) TITLE: Creation of Adam LOCATION: Sistine Chapel, Vatican City, Rome PATRONS: MATERIALS: FUNCTION: STORY/SUBJECT: STYLE: ADDITIONAL NOTES:
What is this?
This is DAVID ARTIST: Donatello DATE: 1440 (Medieval Period) TITLE: David LOCATION: Museo Nazionale Del Bargello PATRONS: MATERIALS: FUNCTION: STORY/SUBJECT: STYLE: ADDITIONAL NOTES:
What is this?
This is DAVID ARTIST: Michelangelo DATE: 1501-1504 ( High Renaissance Period) TITLE: David LOCATION: Galleria dell Academia, Florence PATRONS: MATERIALS: FUNCTION: STORY/SUBJECT: STYLE: ADDITIONAL NOTES:
What is this?
This is EVE ARTIST: Giselbertus DATE: 1120-1132 (Medieval Period) TITLE: Eve LOCATION: Musee Rolin, Burgundy, France PATRONS: MATERIALS: FUNCTION: STORY/SUBJECT: STYLE: ADDITIONAL NOTES:
what is this?
This is LAMENTATION ARTIST:Giotto DATE: 1305-1306 (Medieval Period) TITLE: Lamentation LOCATION: Arena Chapel, Padua, Italy PATRONS: MATERIALS: FUNCTION: STORY/SUBJECT: STYLE: ADDITIONAL NOTES:
What is this?
This is LAMENTATION OVER THE DEAD CHRIST ARTIST: Andrea Mantegna DATE: 1480 (Renaissance Period) TITLE: Lamentation Over the Dead Christ LOCATION: Pinacoteca de Brera, Milan PATRONS: MATERIALS: FUNCTION: STORY/SUBJECT: STYLE: ADDITIONAL NOTES:
What is this?
This is PEASANT WEDDING DANCE ARTIST: Pieter the Elder Brueghel DATE: 1566 (Renaissance Period) TITLE: Peasant Wedding Dance LOCATION: Detroit Institute for the Arts PATRONS: MATERIALS: FUNCTION: STORY/SUBJECT: STYLE: ADDITIONAL NOTES:
What is this?
This is PORTRAIT AT 28 ARTIST: Albrecht Durer DATE: 1500 (Renaissance Period) TITLE: Portrait at 28 LOCATION: Alte Pinakothek, Munich PATRONS: MATERIALS: FUNCTION: STORY/SUBJECT: STYLE: ADDITIONAL NOTES:
What is this?
This is PORTRAIT OF ANNE OF CLEVES ARTIST: Hans the Younger Holbein DATE: 1539 (Renaissance Period) TITLE: Portrait of Anne of Cleves LOCATION: Louvre Museum, Paris PATRONS: MATERIALS: FUNCTION: STORY/SUBJECT: STYLE: ADDITIONAL NOTES:
What is this?
This is PRIMAVERA ARTIST:Botticelli DATE: 1482 (Renaissance Period) TITLE: Prikmavera LOCATION: Uffizi Galleria, Florence, Italy PATRONS: MATERIALS: FUNCTION: It may have been created in response to a request in 1477 of Lorenzo de' Medici STORY/SUBJECT: STYLE: ADDITIONAL NOTES:
What is this?
This is THE GARDEN OF EARTHLY DELIGHTS ARTIST: Bosch DATE: 1503-1504 (Medieval Period) TITLE: Garden of Earthly Delights LOCATION: Museo del Prado, Madrid PATRONS: MATERIALS: oil paint, oak wood FUNCTION: STORY/SUBJECT: that concerned Bosch, in his triptych of creation, human futility and damnation (the Garden of Earthly Delights is a modern misnomer for the work), was the essentially comic ephemerality of human life. STYLE: ADDITIONAL NOTES:
What is this?
This is THE GARDEN OF EDEN ARTIST: Limbourg Brothers DATE: 1413-1416 (Medieval Period) TITLE: The Garden of Eden LOCATION: Musee Condee, Chantilly, France PATRONS: MATERIALS: FUNCTION: STORY/SUBJECT: STYLE: ADDITIONAL NOTES:
What is this
This is THE LAST SUPPER ARTIST:Leonardo Da Vinci DATE: 1495-1498 (Renaissance Period) TITLE: The Last Supper LOCATION: Santa Maria delle Grazi, Milan PATRONS: MATERIALS: Was painted on dry wall. FUNCTION: STORY/SUBJECT: STYLE: ADDITIONAL NOTES:
What is this?
This is TRIBUTE MONEY ARTIST: Masaccio DATE: 1425(Medieval Period) TITLE: Tribute Money LOCATION:Basilica Santa Maria del Carmine, Italy PATRONS: MATERIALS: FUNCTION: STORY/SUBJECT: STYLE: ADDITIONAL NOTES:
What is this
This is the DESCENT FROM THE CROSS ARTIST:Friar Angelico DATE: 1434 (Medieval Period) TITLE: Descent of the Cross LOCATION: Museo di San Marco, Italy PATRONS: MATERIALS: FUNCTION: STORY/SUBJECT: STYLE: ADDITIONAL NOTES:
What is this?
This is the NORTH ROSE WINDOW ARTIST: DATE: 1193-1250 (Medieval Period) TITLE: North Rose Window LOCATION: PATRONS: MATERIALS: FUNCTION: STORY/SUBJECT: STYLE: ADDITIONAL NOTES:
Humanism
philosphical movement in Italy *importance and potential of individual *power of learning and science to produce the "complete man", power to learn *scholars, writers, poets, artists, philosophers and scientist sought regeneration of classical times *no conflict between the New learning and the Church -no tension because Christians liked the New Learning ideas, but not the polytheistic ideas, so they made it work
Renaissance means____
rebirth in french -Rinascenza in italian