History Chapter 12.3

Wittenburg

Whittenburg is Where Martin Luther was a monk and professor at the University of Whittenburg, in Germany, where he lectured on the Bible.

Indulgance

A release from all or part of punishment for sin by the Catholic Church, reducing time in purgatory after death.

Christian Humanism

A movement that developed in northern Europe during the Renaissance combining classical learning (humanism) with the goal of reforming the Catholic Church. It is also sometimes called Northern Renaissance Humanism.

What were the beliefs of Christian Humanists?

Christian humanism can be seen as a philosophical union of Christian ethics and humanist principles. Christian Humanists believed in the ability of human beings to reason and improve themselves. They thought if people read the classics and especially the basic works of Christianity, they would become more pious and bring about reform of the Church and society. The best known of the Christian Humanists was Desiderius Erasmus who believed Christianity should show people how to live good lives every day, versus providing a system of beliefs that people have to practice to be saved. He stressed the inwardness of religious feelings rather than outward forms such as pilgrimages, fasting or religious relics. His view of religion can be summarized as the philosophy of Christ. He wanted to provide education in the works of Christianity and criticize the abuses in the church in order to bring about reformation (change).

Hungary

Country ruled by Charles V.

What month and year was Martin Luther excommunicated from the Church?

January 1521

The publication of what began the Protestant Reformation?

Martin Luther's Ninety-five Theses.

What date was Martin Luther's Ninety-five Theses presented (published)?

October 31st, 1517.

Bohemia

Part of the empire ruled by Charles V the Holy Roman Emperor.

Martin Luther

Started the Reformation that divided the western church into Catholic and Protestant.

What agreement (and what year) brought an end to the religious warfare in Germany?

The "Peace of Augsburg" formally accepted the division of Christianity in Germany allowing states to choose between Catholicism and Lutheranism. Came in 1555.

By what "Edict" was Martin Luther made an outlaw within the empire?

The Edict of Worms, by emperor Charles V.

Charles V

The Holy Roman Emperor (who was also Charles 1, the King of Spain), ruled an immense empire consisting of Spain and its colonies, the Austrian lands, Bohemia, Hungary, the Low Countries, the duchy of Milan in North Italy and the kingdom of Naples in southern Italy.

Desiderius Erasmus

The best known Christian Humanist who believed Christianity should show people how to live good lives on a daily basis rather than provide a system of beliefs that people have to practice to be saved.

Salvation

The state of being saved (going to heaven) through faith alone or through faith and good works.