History Final 2024

How did Jackie Robinson change baseball? 1. He successfully created a women's league. 2. He was the first professional player to play in the European League. 3. He was the first African American to play in the major league. 4. He was the manager of the first baseball team to sign an African American. 5. He was the first former slave to play in the major league.

He was the first African American to play in the major league.

Which of the following was an outspoken African American activist best known for launching a crusade against lynching who also helped found the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and worked for women's right to vote? 1. Ida Tarbell 2. Homer Plessy 3. Booker T. Washington 4. Ida B. Wells 5. W.E.B. Du Bois

Ida B. Wells

How did technological innovations transform production and consumption in the post-Civil War era? 1. Government sought to develop the economy by funding innovation and production of quality goods without concern for cost. 2. Edison's development of uniform small parts that could be interchanged between machines revolutionized manufacturing. 3. Innovations helped large businesses produce numerous products cheaply, thus enabling more people to buy them. 4. They granted a newfound ability in the economy to plan responses to changes in supply and demand from year to year without disturbing investor confidence. 5. New advanced machines proved too expensive for the average consumer and caused resentment and class conflict.

Innovations helped large businesses produce numerous products cheaply, thus enabling more people to buy them

What did the Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution accomplish? 1. It provided for the direct election of senators. 2. It reinstated prohibition. 3. It gave the president expanded war powers. 4. It guaranteed White women the right to vote. 5. It gave Congress the power to create an income tax.

It guaranteed White women the right to vote.

Which of the following is true of the Civil Rights Act of 1964? 1. It outlawed segregation in public facilities on the basis of race, sex, or national origin. 2. It strengthened the Democratic party in the South, allowing for the passage of similar legislation. 3. It had the unintended consequence of making the hiring process more discriminatory. 4. It limited the power of the federal government in terms of enforcing civil rights. 5. It ended racism in the United States, signaling the close of the civil rights movement.

It outlawed segregation in public facilities on the basis of race, sex, or national origin.

Cities developed new forms of leisure and mass entertainment by 1900. True False

True

The scientific spirit of the Gilded Age influenced the approach of realist artists. True False

True

Because of the Spanish-American War, Europeans agreed that 1. the United States should grant Cuban independence. 2. social Darwinist thinking had not yet influenced American politics. 3. the United States had made an entrance onto the world stage. 4. the war had harmed American trade. 5. American imperialism was no match for Spanish imperialism.

the United States had made an entrance onto the world stage

Who were the "jingoists"? 1. the largest group of Filipino guerrillas, led by Emilio Aguinaldo 2. war-loving Republicans who undermined President McKinley's neutrality toward Cuba 3. Spanish bureaucrats whose exploitation of Cuba drove the United States to war in order to liberate the Cubans 4. Americans who pushed for the colonization of the Dominican Republic 5. influential Americans who were publicly critical of the imperial ambitions of the United States

war-loving Republicans who undermined President McKinley's neutrality toward Cuba

Mother Jones promoted 1. workers' rights. 2. laissez-faire economics. 3. alternating current electricity. 4. temperance. 5. the free press.

worker's rights

Which of the following was a tenet of The Influence of Sea Power upon History, 1660-1783? 1. The United States should remain isolated from overseas affairs and instead focus on western expansion in its own continent. 2. A powerful navy is essential for protecting national interests and developing global commerce. 3. The United States had invested too much in its navy over the years and should instead focus on the army. 4. The United States should focus on small covert operations as opposed to large battleships and global bases. 5. Pursuing new markets overseas would only bring financial ruin to the United States.

A powerful navy is essential for protecting national interests and developing global commerce

What was the significance of the events at the Triangle Shirtwaist Company in 1911? 1. A strike resulted in the intervention of federal troops, representing the eagerness of the government to improve conditions. 2. The factory popularized the idea of scientific management principles because within one year of adopting them, its output had tripled. 3. A tragic fire took the lives of workers, which resulted in meaningful government regulation of working conditions. 4. The labor force was comprised almost entirely of American-born workers willing to work for low wages, which convinced similar companies to hire fewer immigrant workers. 5. The daily experiences of the workers there became the subject of Upton Sinclair's influential book The Jungle, in which he interviewed textile sweatshop owners.

A tragic fire took the lives of workers, which resulted in meaningful government regulation of working conditions.

__________ was the largest territorial acquisition of the nineteenth century, and the United States' largest since the Louisiana Purchase. 1. Alaska 2. Hawaii 3. British Columbia 4. Puerto Rico 5. The Philippines

Alaska

What caused the Indian wars of the 1860s-1870s? 1. The U.S. government signed treaties with Native Americans that contained provisions that voided the treaties if they attacked White settlements. 2. Buffalo hunters eager to feed growing industrial populations in eastern cities invaded Native American land and started conflict. 3. Native Americans refused to abide by peace treaties and continually attacked White settlements in the East, sparking conflict. 4. Native Americans became accustomed to guns, alcohol, and cotton textiles and raided American settlements to access them, sparking conflict. 5. Although the U.S. government signed numerous treaties, those commitments were repeatedly violated by private citizens, companies, and the army.

Although the U.S. government signed numerous treaties, those commitments were repeatedly violated by private citizens, companies, and the army

Who were Julius and Ethel Rosenberg? 1. Jewish organizers for American support for Israel after the Second World War 2. spies for Communist China who left the country before being convicted 3. part of the Hollywood Ten called to testify about their relationship to Communism 4. American citizens convicted and executed for spying on the United States 5. esteemed scientists who helped develop the atomic bomb

American citizens convicted and executed for spying on the United States

Why did the United States intervene in the Cuban War for Independence? 1. American leaders wanted to protect the Spanish economy and destroy the Cuban economy in an effort to benefit their own. 2. American sugar and mining companies were heavily invested in Cuba and had growing concern about the security of their investments. 3. American leaders deemed guerrilla warfare inhumane and wished to assist Spain using other methods. 4. President McKinley was initially eager to rush into war, despite Theodore Roosevelt's insistence that he take caution. 5. The Spanish government refused to meet any American demands regarding its control over Cuba after the sinking of an American battleship.

American leaders deemed guerrilla warfare inhumane and wished to assist Spain using other methods.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the decision-making process behind the use of atomic bombs against Japan? 1. American military planners reasoned that use of the bombs would prevent the Soviets from entering the war in Asia. 2. American military planners reasoned that use of the bombs would shock Germany into surrendering before facing the same fate. 3. American military planners believed that the use of the bombs would kill only the Japanese emperor and most of the government but keep all civilians safe. 4. American military planners reasoned that use of the bombs would prevent an invasion that could cost more than a million lives. 5. American military planners convinced a highly reluctant and unbending Truman to drop the bombs by appealing to Congress.

American military planners reasoned that use of the bombs would prevent an invasion that could cost more than a million lives.

Which of the following statements is true of the 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago? 1. It was a gathering during which Nixon was nominated as the party's presidential candidate. 2. The events surrounding it showed the patience of Mayor Daley and the Chicago police. 3. Anti-war protests outside turned into massive riots following the arrival of police. 4. It demonstrated how quickly the country had moved beyond the Vietnam War. 5. The events surrounding it successfully appealed to the values of "middle America."

Anti-war protests outside turned into massive riots following the arrival of police.

How did Japan and Germany leaders compare during the 1930s? 1. Japanese leaders imposed socialism on an unwilling populace through terror and violence including concentration camps, while Hitler and the Nazis were popularly elected and supported free elections. 2. Whereas Adolf Hitler tried to keep a low profile by refusing to use any sort of violence or force against his opponents until the war had officially begun, Japanese leaders created a secret police force to do their bidding and often had their opponents jailed or killed. 3. At the same time as Adolf Hitler professed his intention to use Germany's supposed racial supremacy to dominate Europe, Japanese leaders purported their intention for their "master race" to direct a resurgent Asia.

At the same time as Adolf Hitler professed his intention to use Germany's supposed racial supremacy to dominate Europe, Japanese leaders purported their intention for their "master race" to direct a resurgent Asia

Which of the following did modernists believe? 1. Nature's reality can be captured in art. 2. Human reason ruled all of nature. 3. Scientific ideas, such as those of Einstein, had no connection with art. 4. Art, in the end, has strict rules that should be obeyed. 5. Challenging traditional values and notions of reality is important.

Challenging traditional values and notions of reality is important.

What did advocates of the social gospel believe? 1. Social Darwinism held the answer to problems of modern society and should be implemented in legislation. 2. Churches needed to help solve the problems created by a rapidly industrializing and urbanizing society. 3. Karl Marx's call for a socialist revolution was necessary to fix the problems created by industrialization. 4. A tax-supported, state-sponsored church should serve as a unifying force among different social classes. 5. True salvation for society would come with secularization and turning away from traditional religion.

Churches needed to help solve the problems created by a rapidly industrializing and urbanizing society.

The single most important stimulant to the postwar economy was 1. a massive government jobs program. 2. low government spending. 3. Cold War-related military spending. 4. the discovery of alternative fuels to oil. 5. increased European competition.

Cold War-related military spending.

Which of the following was a result of the Sand Creek Massacre in which Colorado militiamen slaughtered many peaceful Native Americans? 1. The central plains remained peaceful for the next several years because so few Native Americans were left. 2. Native American tribes such as the Arapaho and Sioux celebrated what had befallen the Cheyenne and joined forces with the militiamen. 3. Congress and the army launched investigations that concluded the Native Americans had been murdered in cold blood. 4. Colonel John M. Chivington became the leading voice for Native American rights following the Civil War. 5. All military captains and colonels destroyed any evidence of the massacre, refused to testify, and grew more unified than ever.

Congress and the army launched investigations that concluded the Native Americans had been murdered in cold blood

Which of the following happened during the 1920s? 1. Traditional assumptions about God and the universe were supported by religious activists. 2. The ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment granted all American women the right to vote. 3. Most Americans conformed to the Eighteenth Amendment, leading to low criminal rates. 4. Consumer debts almost tripled, as most Americans raised their standards of living. 5. The economy slowed down while old institutions were reinstated.

Consumer debts almost tripled, as most Americans raised their standards of living

What effect did the Great War have on the lives of American women? 1. Because the United States was so populated that wartime never brought labor shortages, women remained confined to traditional roles within the domestic sphere. 2. Throughout the war, women were only permitted to support the war effort in traditional ways, such as volunteering for the Red Cross, running fund-raising drives, and working as nurses. 3. The war shook up American society to such a degree that most women who attained nontraditional wartime roles kept them for the rest of their careers and helped train a new generation of workers. 4. Due to the large number of men in the armed forces, women were encouraged, as the scope of the war widened until the end of the war, to take jobs that had been held primarily by men.

Due to the large number of men in the armed forces, women were encouraged, as the scope of the war widened until the end of the war, to take jobs that had been held primarily by men.

The ________ Amendment to the U.S. Constitution is known as the Prohibition amendment and resulted in ________. 1. Seventeenth; women's right to vote 2. Eighteenth; widespread lawbreaking 3. Nineteenth; effective voting protections for African Americans 4. Twentieth; a postwar boom in agricultural exports 5. Twenty-First; the end of Jim Crow laws

Eighteenth; widespread lawbreaking

What assumption did progressives share? 1. Governments must become more active to address the problems created by rapid industrial and urban growth. 2. The Democratic party must once again hold national political power in order to meet the war head-on. 3. Racism was an injustice, and the law should not discriminate between African Americans and White Americans. 4. Women were equal to men in ability and should be afforded the same opportunities in professional and political spheres. 5. Society would only progress when competition was allowed to take place without governmental regulation.

Governments must become more active to address the problems created by rapid industrial and urban growth.

Which of the following statements describes the role that State Department official George Kennan played in the onset of the Cold War? 1. He predicted that the wartime alliance between the United States and the Soviets would continue due to similarities between capitalism and Communism. 2. He said the United States should ignore recent events in Europe and focus on the defense of the Western Hemisphere. 3. He recommended that the United States contain Soviet expansionist tendencies through efforts to undermine the appeal of Soviet Communism. 4. He urged the use of military force to liberate Eastern Europe from the Soviet Union and advised Truman to bomb the Russians. 5. He expressed certainty that the Soviet Union would come out ahead of the United States and doubted that Communism would ever destabilize or collapse.

He recommended that the United States contain Soviet expansionist tendencies through efforts to undermine the appeal of Soviet Communism.

Which of the following did "nativists" believe? 1. Immigration was a boon to the American economy. 2. Native Americans were the preferred source of workers. 3. The concept of an Anglo-Saxon "race" was outdated. 4. Religion had no place in the public sphere. 5. Immigrants were a threat to their jobs and way of life.

Immigrants were a threat to their jobs and way of life

What was the greatest triumph of the New Deal? 1. It fully restored prosperity and ended record levels of unemployment. 2. It demonstrated that American democracy could cope with the collapse of capitalism. 3. It promoted the civil rights of African Americans. 4. It took over American banks, which boosted the economy. 5. It appealed to the American public to declare war on Nazi Germany.

It demonstrated that American democracy could cope with the collapse of capitalism.

How did the Carnegie Steel Company rise to become the largest industrial company in the world by 1900? 1. It employed the newly developed Bessemer converter, which drastically lowered the cost of steel and the company gained control of every phase of production. 2. It developed a private army that colonized West Africa to secure access to cheap coal and iron ore. 3. It engaged in industrial espionage, stealing production techniques from British and German steel companies. 4. It used Andrew Carnegie's connections to the Republican party to gain exclusive government contracts for navy ships. 5. It used Andrew Carnegie's connections to the Democratic party to gain exclusive government contracts for railroads.

It employed the newly developed Bessemer converter, which drastically lowered the cost of steel and the company gained control of every phase of production.

What was the role of the Nye Committee? 1. It investigated and criticized the role that bankers and munitions makers played in America's entry into the Great War. 2. It wrote a convincing recommendation letter that European nations appease Hitler by allowing him to annex Czechoslovakia. 3. It compiled an official list of America's international obligations under existing treaties and ensured that they were met during the Second World War. 4. It helped initiate a close relationship between businesses and the military to protect national security during the Second World War. 5. It sounded the alarm regarding Hitler's rise to power and encouraged greater U.S. involvement in international affairs to stop the spread of fascism.

It investigated and criticized the role that bankers and munitions makers played in America's entry into the Great War.

What was the effect of the Great Railroad Strike of 1877? 1. It demonstrated that immigrants, especially those from China, had reached such numbers that they were becoming highly influential in compromising with executives to meet their needs. 2. It won higher wages for railroad workers due to the participants' persistence and the sympathy of influential individuals who had followed the events in the newspapers. 3. It was the last nationwide labor uprising because it convinced other workers that such events were fruitless and that the government did not care enough even to send troops. 4. It revealed how polarized the relationship between the working poor and executives had become. 5. It was not taken seriously because only White working men participated, having failed to convince the large numbers of women and minority laborers to join the protesters.

It revealed how polarized the relationship between the working poor and executives had become

How did the majority rule in the Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)? 1. It endorsed racially "separate but equal" facilities in virtually every area of southern life. 2. It ruled that the "separate but equal" doctrine violated the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution. 3. It ruled that the "separate but equal" doctrine violated the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution. 4. It ruled that individuals and businesses could segregate on the basis of race, but city and state governments could not. 5. It ruled, in a landmark, that segregation was required because the Fourteenth Amendment granted "equal protection under the law."

It ruled that individuals and businesses could segregate on the the basis of race, but city and state governments could not

How did the U.S. government encourage new settlement in the West? 1. It granted large land bounties to all troops who served the Union during the Civil War, including more than 180,000 African Americans 2. It sponsored immigration by Chinese and Mexican immigrants, drastically increasing the speed of economic development. 3. It sent the U.S. Army to drive Native Americans to reservations and granted large land grants to railroad companies who then sold the land to ranchers and farmers. 4. It granted large land bounties to both Union and Confederate troops who served in the Civil War. 5. It funded the construction and operation of the transcontinental railroad, the first major socialist undertaking by the federal government.

It sent the U.S. Army to drive Native Americans to reservations and granted large land grants to railroad companies who then sold the land to ranchers and farmers

What trend did home ownership tend to follow between 1945 and 1960? 1. It declined, due to the construction of cheap apartments. 2. It significantly increased. 3. It was hampered due to shortages of credit. 4. It became almost universal. 5. It was not as popular as government-provided public housing.

It significantly increased

The Dawes Severalty Act of 1887, passed by Congress in the wake of the publication of Helen Hunt Jackson's A Century of Dishonor, took what stance toward the reservation system? 1. It sought to grant Native Americans larger reservations because of the details in the book on broken government promises and treaties. 2. It gave each Native American tribe up to 520 acres of land and provided a production quota, often well beyond what the land could sustain. 3. It sought to "Americanize" Indians by forcing them to become self-reliant farmers that individually owned their own land. 4. It granted Native Americans U.S. citizenship and specified other civil rights that they would be guaranteed. 5. It granted immunity from federal laws governing alcohol and gambling licenses.

It sought to "Americanize" Indians by forcing them to become self-reliant farmers that individually owned their own land

Why was the attack on Pearl Harbor significant? 1. It demonstrated the Japanese naval commander's belief that the only way Japan could defeat the United States was through a long war. 2. It showed that the United States was too quick to lift embargoes on Japan and other warring nations. 3. It was a surprise attack that immediately caused the United States to enter the war and brought the isolationist movement to an abrupt end. 4. It was a highly successful victory for the Japanese militarily due to its destruction of U.S. aircraft carriers. 5. It caused the war henceforth to become more localized in the Pacific and much less of a global conflict.

It was a surprise attack that immediately caused the United States to enter the war and brought the isolationist movement to an abrupt end.

What was the phenomenon of "White flight" in the 1950s after the Second World War? 1. It was a type of housing discrimination that African Americans faced. 2. It was the movement of poor Whites fleeing the South for jobs in big Northern cities. 3. It was the return of White Americans to the rural countryside. 4. It was the movement of Whites to the suburbs in response to the migration of African Americans from the rural South to Northern cities. 5. It was the movement of Puerto Rican Americans to Puerto Rico because there was a shortage of housing in Northern cities.

It was the movement of Whites to the suburbs in response to the migration of African Americans from the rural South to Northern cities.

In the first years of the twentieth century, racial distrust of the __________ living in California resulted in a series of oppressive moves; in 1907 their immigration into California was banned. 1. Chinese 2. Australians 3. Cubans 4. Japanese 5. Filipinos

Japanese

Which of the following accurately describes Korea at the end of the Second World War? 1. Korea was ignored by both the Soviet Union and the United States. 2. Korea was left under the control of Japan as a gesture of reparation. 3. Korea was placed under joint American and British occupation. 4. Korea quickly emerged as a regional power. 5. Korea became divided into North and South Korea.

Korea became divided into North and South Korea.

Which of the following was true of the Universal Negro Improvement Association? 1. It offered a series of art workshops sponsored by the most prominent Black artists and writers of the day. 2. Led by Marcus Garvey, it took the approach of Black nationalism, promoting Black separatism from mainstream American life. 3. Founded in response to race riots, it promoted Booker T. Washington's idea of racial peace through accommodation. 4. It was the forerunner of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). 5. Conceived by W.E.B. Du Bois, it called for racial integration, stressing that Blacks and Whites had a great deal in common.

Led by Marcus Garvey, it took the approach of Black nationalism, promoting Black separatism from mainstream American life.

What was the state of car ownership in America by 1955? 1. Car ownership was still limited to only the wealthiest and most elite members of society. 2. Few American households owned a car, due a slew of major improvements made to public transit systems. 3. Half of American households owned a car. 4. Car ownership was so widespread that it was not an indicator of social status. 5. Most American households owned a car, resulting in a greater range of choices.

Most American households owned a car, resulting in a greater range of choices.

What was the Haymarket riot of 1886? 1. It was a fight for child labor rights started by the Knights of Labor; because so many people were sympathetic toward children, it improved public opinion of unions in general for years to come. 2. It was an insurrection led by miners that evolved into a productive meeting between workers and management, ushering in an era of improved relations in industries across the nation. 3. It was a days-long demonstration for railroad workers' rights that angered the government, but because it remained peaceful in nature, none of the events' leaders could be prosecuted. 4. Occurring amid a strike in favor of the eight-hour workday, it was what journalists called America's first terrorist bombing and was blamed on anarchist leaders despite a lack of evidence.

Occurring amid a strike in favor of the eight hour workday, it was what journalists called America's first terrorist bombing and was blamed on anarchist leaders despite a lack of evidence

Which of the following statements describes the scope of the progressive impulse? 1. Progressivism was primarily an urban movement and almost solely made up of Democrats. 2. Progressivism was primarily an eastern movement comprised mostly of working-class reformers. 3. Progressivism was a primarily northern movement that focused on women's issues. 4. Progressivism was a national movement that included both rural and urban reformers of different backgrounds. 5. Progressivism was a primarily rural movement that, most of all, built upon the successes of populism.

Progressivism was a national movement that included both rural and urban reformers of different backgrounds.

Who is Gompers and what was American Federation of Labor (AFL)? 1. Samuel Gompers was president of a group of separate national unions organized by delegates from craft unions called the AFL. It was primarily concerned with securing concrete economic gains. 2. It was a union that grew rapidly because it comprised only larger manufacturing industries such as steel, textiles, and tobacco. 3. It started out as industrial unions that joined with craft unions to increase their bargaining power and adopt a unified identity. 4. It was a governmental organization initiated by Congress to get a better sense of workers' needs before passing legislation. 5. It was established in response to the thriving organized labor movement signaled by the Homestead Steel strike and Pullman strike.

Samuel Gompers was president of a group of separate national unions organized by delegates from craft unions called the AFL. It was primarily concerned with securing concrete economic gains

What influential figure spoke about sex with frankness and created a new vocabulary for mapping the inner lives of people? 1. William Henry "Jack" Dempsey 2. F. Scott Fitzgerald 3. Louis Armstrong 4. Sigmund Freud 5. Charlie Chaplin

Sigmund Freud

What is the name of the U.S. battleship that famously sank in Havana Harbor in 1898? 1. the Virginia 2. the Massachusetts 3. the Maine 4. the Alamo 5. the New Jersey

The Maine

What happened to the Philippines at the end of the Philippine-American War? 1. The Philippines was an American territory. 2. The status of the Philippines was unresolved. 3. The Philippines was essentially an American colony. 4. The Philippines was returned to Spain. 5. The Philippines petitioned the United States for statehood.

The Philippines was essentially an American colony

Which of the following was a major factor in Wilson's initial rise to the presidency? 1. Many Republicans supported his nomination. 2. Wealthy Democrats poured millions of dollars into his campaign. 3. The United States was at war during his campaign. 4. He had far more political experience than the other candidates. 5. The Republican party had split into two.

The Republican party had split into two.

What impact did the Great War have on the United States' global position? 1. The United States emerged as a globally dominant power with a strong economy. 2. The United States emerged as a globally dominant power with a crumbling economy. 3. The United States became the chair of the League of Nations. 4. The United States became a hegemonic nation, along with Russia. 5. The United States became the nation with the greatest number of colonies.

The United States emerged as a globally dominant power with a strong economy.

How did the Great War set the stage for the Second World War? 1. Germany emerged as a global and economic leader. 2. The harsh conditions set by the Treaty of Versailles made many Germans and Austrians feel victimized. 3. The United States solidified its isolationist policy. 4. The demands of Great Britain and France were not represented in the Treaty of Versailles. 5. The triumph of the Bolsheviks weakened Russia, excluding it from the European stage.

The harsh conditions set by the Treaty of Versailles made many Germans and Austrians feel victimized.

What was the implication of the Sacco and Vanzetti case? 1. It was the first time the Supreme Court sided with anarchists. 2. Their conviction was considered by many to be the culmination of anti-immigrant sentiment. 3. Their execution marked the beginning of the end of Prohibition. 4. Their sentencing led to Communism being banned from the party system. 5. After the "not guilty" verdict, discrimination against immigrants sharply decreased.

Their conviction was considered by many to be the culmination of anti-immigrant sentiment.

Which of the following was true of the leaders of the settlement house movement? 1. They directed their attention to the problems faced by the working poor and immigrant communities living in cities. 2. They often expressed moral disapproval of the behavior of immigrants and favored well-off families when choosing tenants. 3. They spoke against the social gospel movement and initially focused only on political rather than social reform. 4. They tended to consist of second-generation lower-class immigrants helping first-generation lower-class immigrants. 5. They encouraged people in cities to move to rural areas by providing lodging there.

They directed their attention to the problems faced by the working poor and immigrant communities living in cities.

Which of the following describes the experience of most soldiers fighting in France during the Great War? 1. They had to be very mobile because the battlefront changed radically from week to week, transitioning between the Western Front and Eastern Front. 2. They fought a war of attrition, often in miserable conditions, suffering massive artillery attacks and then facing enemy fire to seize well-protected trenches. 3. They fought small-scale battles that afforded them chances to display individual bravery and courage, and they used weapons that had been available for centuries in new ways. 4. They fought much as their great-grandfathers had during the nineteenth century: in tightly packed formations, shooting volleys into the ranks of the enemy. 5. They fought a guerilla war, because after Germany invaded and captured Paris, French resistance fighters formed partisan bands that harassed their occupiers.

They fought a war of attrition, often in miserable conditions, suffering massive artillery attacks and then facing enemy fire to seize well-protected trenches.

What was one main reason electric motors were significant to the industrialization of the late nineteenth century? 1. They were used in the first automobiles, which made personal travel much easier. 2. They powered the first lightbulbs, which allowed people to work at night. 3. They freed factories to locate wherever they wished, not just by waterfalls and coal deposits. 4. They forced railroads to abandon the use of steam power. 5. They eliminated the need for oil during the industrial revolution.

They freed factories to locate wherever they wished, not just by waterfalls and coal deposits

How did inventions like the typewriter and sewing machine impact the lives of women in post-Civil War America? 1. Advances in technology reaffirmed that the professional use of all new inventions would be reserved strictly for men and that women could use them, but only inside the home. 2. Employment opportunities from new inventions like typewriters and sewing machines opened new high-paying employment fields for women in the late 1800s. 3. New inventions spurred the creation of sweatshops, which largely turned away women applicants. 4. They opened new employment possibilities to many women, although often on the basis of the idea that women would work for lower pay. 5. Women in typing and sewing "sweatshops" faced dangerous working conditions for low pay, but they formed the first effective craft unions in the late 1800s.

They opened new employment possibilities to many women, although often on the basis of the idea that women would work for lower pay.

Which of the following was true of Wilson's Fourteen Points? 1. They reflected his belief that the world could be improved and were intended to shape the peace treaty and make the Great War the last world war. 2. They were a list of strict conditions Germany had to meet before he would agree to end the war and withdraw troops. 3. They demanded that neutral nations cease all maritime commerce during wartime. 4. They were part of a plan to mobilize Americans upon entering the war— a plan that included rules for rationing and production levels. 5. They were a set of demands delivered to Germany after the Zimmermann telegram was discovered.

They reflected his belief that the world could be improved and were intended to shape the peace treaty and make the Great War the last world war.

What were "war relocation camps"? 1. They were bases that housed American servicemen before they were sent to the front lines and joined European troops. 2. They were prisoner of war camps for captured Germans in Europe that used brutal tactics and had terrible conditions. 3. They were the German euphemism for Nazi concentration camps, as no American officials were aware they existed. 4. They helped the families of American servicemen cope with the absence of husbands and fathers and provided a sense of community. 5. They were internment camps for over 100,000 Japanese Americans during the war due to racial and fear-based prejudice.

They were internment camps for over 100,000 Japanese Americans during the war due to racial and fear-based prejudice.

The __________ ended the Spanish-American War, made Cuba independent, permitted the annexation of Puerto Rico by the United States, and provided for the continued American occupation of Manila, pending a transfer of power. 1. Taft-Katsura Treaty 2. Treaty of Paris 3. Treaty of Hispaniola 4. Treaty of Portsmouth 5. Hay-Herrán Treaty

Treaty of Paris

Prominent Americans used social Darwinism to justify policies of economic exploitation and territorial expansion abroad. True False

True

The lives of famous men such as William Harrison "Jack" Dempsey and George Herman "Babe" Ruth show which of the following was happening during the 1920s? 1. The audience for movies was skyrocketing. 2. The automobile industry was achieving mass production. 3. Newspaper journalists were becoming celebrities. 4. Marketing and advertising were successfully stimulating consumption. 5. Watching sports was becoming a favorite pastime.

Watching sports was becoming a favorite pastime.

In June of 1950, North Korea attacked South Korea. How did the international community respond to the invasion? 1. South Korean forces repulsed the invaders early on, making international intervention unnecessary. 2. Working with Truman, the United Nations authorized military intervention against the aggressors. 3. Truman persuaded Congress to declare war without the backing of the United Nations. 4. Stalin convinced North Korea to end the invasion because the Soviets lacked nuclear weapons. 5. The Soviets used their Security Council veto to prevent United Nations' actions.

Working with Truman, the United Nations authorized military intervention against the aggressors.

What was the Green Book? 1. a guidebook to show Black travelers where they could stop for services and motels 2. a guidebook to show White travelers where all-White communities were located 3. a coupon magazine offering cheap housing to Southern Blacks 4. a travel book to teach travelers how to find integrated tourist facilities 5. a pamphlet used to promote inter-state tourism

a guidebook to show Black travelers where they could stop for services and motels

What was Levittown, designed by William Levitt? 1. a luxury Manhattan apartment complex made possible by new building techniques 2. a new type of urban community completely cut off from government assistance 3. an upscale drive-in movie theater with the latest films and music 4. housing intended for African American families, especially those of veterans 5. a suburban planned community geared toward White lower-middle-class Americans

a suburban planned community geared toward White lower-middle-class Americans

Many southern leaders called for a New South characterized by 1. diverse small farms that sought to grow and produce everything they consumed locally, rather than focusing only on cotton. 2. an industrializing economy modeled on the North, and social relations rooted in white supremacy. 3. subregions where the White population pursued subsistence agriculture, and others where African Americans grew cotton. 4. the removal of the African American population to the North and West. 5. a new emphasis on unionism and American nationalism, but a continued suspicion of northern Big Business.

an industrializing economy modeled on the North, and social relations rooted in white supremacy

What industry provided the leading example of modern, mechanized mass-production techniques in the 1920s? 1. textiles 2. radios 3. automobiles 4. shipbuilding 5. agriculture

automobiles

Through the Lend-Lease bill, passed in January 1941, "any country whose defense the President deems vital to the defense of the United States" 1. could receive American military equipment, supplies, and other necessary materials only if they rented them at fair market value. 2. could purchase only the American military equipment, supplies, and other necessary materials that had been made available through Canada. 3. must declare war on Germany in order to be eligible for American material support since the United States had already entered the war. 4. could receive military equipment, supplies, and other necessary materials even if that country lacked the funds to pay for those items. 5. was nevertheless prohibited from receiving any American military equipment, supplies, and other necessary materials.

could receive military equipment, supplies, and other necessary materials even if that country lacked the funds to pay for those items.

What conditions created the phenomenon known as the Dust Bowl during the 1930s? 1. flood 2. earthquake 3. drought 4. wildfire 5. hurricane winds

drought

What did the muckrakers consider their primary objective? 1. converting Americans to socialism 2. exposing social problems to the public 3. increasing the circulation of sensationalist newspapers 4. proposing detailed legislation 5. destroying the Republican party

exposing social problems to the public

What prompted Congress to pass the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution? 1. a North Vietnamese attack on an American airbase at Pleiku 2. the movement of Chinese troops on the border between China and North Korea 3. evidence that the Soviets were supplying the North Vietnamese with aircrafts and weaponry 4. false reports that the North Vietnamese had fired first on two American naval ships 5. the overthrow of the Communist government in North Vietnam

false reports that the North Vietnamese had fired first on two American naval ships

What movement in Europe gained power during the 1930s in part from the economic distress plaguing the region? 1. progressivism 2. fascism 3. environmentalism 4. anarchism 5. anti-unionism

fascism

As part of the crop-lien system, which of the following services did "crossroads" merchants provide in exchange for the pledge of a portion of participants' future crops? 1. legal assistance 2. food, clothing, seed, and other items "on credit" 3. loans to purchase land 4. livestock and jobs in the cattle industry 5. medical services

food, clothing, seed, and other items "on credit"

Jane Addams's desire to engage with "real life" eventually led her to 1. join the movement advocating women's right to vote. 2. found Hull House. 3. promote the International Workers of the World. 4. lead the Molly Maguires. 5. found the Knights of Labor.

found hull house

In retrospect, which of the following led to the Cold War? 1. Truman's efforts to continue collaborating with the Soviet Union 2. Truman's neglect of the advancement of Communism in Europe and Asia the ongoing threat of Nazism following the Second World War 3. ideological competition between democratic capitalism and totalitarian Communism 4. the upholding of promises made at the Yalta Conference following the 5. Second World War

ideological competition between democratic capitalism and totalitarian Communism

Truman's response to the Soviet blockade of West Berlin in 1948 was to 1. divide the rest of Germany into occupation zones. 2. amass American troops on the Soviet border. 3. persuade the United Nations to officially protest. 4. launch an airlift of supplies to West Berlin. 5. meet with Stalin to resolve the crisis.

launch an airlift of supplies to West Berlin

What did the NAACP emphasize? 1. legal action against discrimination 2. the formation of a Black political party 3. vocational and technical education 4. Garvey's concept of the social and political separation of Blacks 5. strictly Black membership

legal action against discrimination

The rise of the cattle industry 1. saw the decline of the railroad. 2. made San Francisco the fastest-growing city in the nation. 3. made Chicago the fastest-growing city in the nation. 4. was also the decline of the agricultural industry. 5. also saw a dramatic rise in international trade.

made Chicago the fastest growing city in the nation

What was a "Hooverville"? 1. early suburbs that connected to cities by rail and bus service 2. private planned communities built by the federal government 3. makeshift shantytowns that sprouted up in vacant lots 4. federal government military camps for the homeless 5. state-sponsored labor camps for young men to find jobs

makeshift shantytowns that sprouted up in vacant lots

One major reason that the Second World War inspired postwar changes in U.S. race relations was the 1. number of African Americans who came back as war heroes. 2. racist nature of the Nazis during the war. 3. number of Northerners it inspired to move to the South. 4. lesson in equality that American soldiers learned from fighting with European soldiers. 5. greater number of people receiving higher education.

racist nature of the Nazis during the war.

The Hawaiian ruler Queen Liliuokalani tried to do which of the following in the early 1890s? increase American immigration broker a trade agreement between the United States and Hawaii restrict the growing political power of the United States in the islands increase tariffs institute an income tax

restrict the growing political power of the United States and Hawaii

Sears, Roebuck and Company was a pioneer in 1. selling goods by mail order. 2. opening a chain of grocery stores across the United States. 3. incorporating far more middlemen in the retail process. 4. providing electric power for New York City. 5. selling luxury items to the social elite.

selling goods by mail order

Which of the following characterized yellow journalism, the type of newspaper reporting that appeared during the Spanish-American War? 1. sensationalism meant to affect public opinion and legislation 2. strict adherence to facts 3. reporting without political motives in mind 4. reporting in secret despite censorship 5. reporting broadcast over the radio rather than in written form

sensationalism meant to affect public opinion and legislation

The cash crop that made Hawaii valuable to the United States was 1. sugarcane. 2. pineapple. 3. macadamia nuts. 4. palm oil. 5. coconuts.

sugarcane

What did the Brown v. Board of Education decision signify about U.S. race relations? 1. that there was no intention from the U.S. justice system to change the status quo 2. that the federal government had started to confront racial discrimination 3. that Eisenhower controlled the Supreme Court in all decisions related to race 4. that Chief Justice Warren sided with segregationists and was influenced by them 5. that the "separate but equal" mandate would continue to be enforced for years to come

that the federal government had started to confront racial discrimination

What virulent menace did Americans face in the postwar period that caused more casualties than the war itself? 1. ongoing guerrilla warfare throughout Europe 2. a series of labor riots 3. the Spanish flu pandemic 4. the atomic bomb 5. the cholera outbreak

the Spanish flu pandemic

What was the first place in the United States to extend equal voting rights to women, underscoring how the larger region to which it belonged was the most supportive of women's rights? 1. Nebraska 2. New York 3. Florida 4. Wisconsin 5. the Wyoming territory

the Wyoming territory

What event triggered the Great War in Europe? 1. Germany's invasion of Belgium 2. Russia's decision to ally with France and Britain 3. Germany's determination to build a navy as large as Britain's 4. the fallout from the Bolshevik Revolution 5. the assassination of the Austrian Archduke

the assassination of the Austrian Archduke

One of the factors that contributed to religion's growing appeal in the 1950s was 1. the desire to combat "godless" Communism. 2. tax breaks for church-going Americans. 3. the rise of television preachers. 4. the idea that Americans must repent for their material abundance. 5. a backlash to Eisenhower's refusal to connect religion with patriotism.

the desire to combat "godless" Communism.

The 1890 census data indicated that 1. Indians still outnumbered Whites in the West. 2. no cities had developed in the West, just small farms. 3. the frontier era in American development was over. 4. it would take several more generations to close the American West to settlement. 5. California had become the most populous state in the Union.

the frontier era in American development was over

Which of the following was an unintended consequence of the growth of urban populations at the turn of the century? 1. a decrease in the number of immigrants overall in the United States 2. the end of the "Realist" movement in art and literature and the rise of the "Romantic" movement 3. the decline of vaudeville shows as a form of public entertainment 4. the growth of disease from the lack of sanitation in crowded city neighborhoods 5. a decline in the diversity of immigrant groups in cities

the growth of disease from the lack of sanitation in crowded city neighborhoods

What was the Great Migration? 1. the mass movement of African Americans from the South to the North in pursuit of better living conditions and jobs 2. the influx of refugees from Europe following the Great War, resulting in a scramble to find them enough food and housing 3. the return of many African Americans from the South to Africa following the Emancipation Proclamation 4. the surge in the number of White settlers moving West due to the promise of gold and voting rights for women 5. the relocation of many African Americans from the inner cities to the country in search of sharecropping jobs

the mass movement of African Americans from the South to the North in pursuit of better living conditions and jobs

What was one of the goals of the Women's Christian Temperance Union under Frances Willard's presidency? 1. the deregulation of the food industry 2. the promotion of legislation to ban alcohol consumption 3. the promotion of temperance in terms of alcohol consumption 4. the intention to ban the consumption of alcohol at the local level only 5. the privatization of kindergartens

the promotion of legislation to ban alcohol consumption

What was the primary objection that American senators had to the Treaty of Versailles? 1. the unrestricted commitment of the United States to the League of Nations' decisions 2. the clause that forced Germany to take blame for the war and pay for all its costs 3. the creation of new nations such as Finland and Yugoslavia 4. the minor role played by the United States 5. the concessions of large territories to France

the unrestricted commitment of the United States to the League of Nations' decisions

Which of the following statements accurately describes tenement houses in New York City during the Gilded Age? 1. They were cramped yet offered more privacy than regular apartments. 2. They were urban yet offered fresh air and large amounts of natural light. 3. They were crammed together and often housed twenty-four to thirty-two families. 4. They helped lower crime rates by building a sense of community and trust among the inhabitants. 5. They usually had only a few immigrant families in each building.

they were crammed together and often housed twenty-four to thirty-two families

What was the business strategy of John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil? 1. to focus only on refining oil, not drilling for crude oil 2. to focus on only drilling crude oil, not refining it 3. to control the entire industry by owning everything it needed to produce, refine, and deliver oil 4. to standardize the production of kerosine and provide the cheapest and safest product so that it won business in open competition 5. to gain government contracts for fueling navy ships by giving secret kickbacks to political leaders

to control the entire industry by owning everything it needed to produce, refine, and deliver oil

What was the main reason the Soviets placed missiles in Cuba? 1. to deter another American-supported invasion of Cuba 2. to initiate a large-scale attack on South America 3. to launch an attack upon the United States 4. to make Castro more dependent upon the Soviets 5. to get Kennedy to grant the Soviets control of West Berlin

to deter another American-supported invasion of Cuba

Why was the Interstate Commerce Commission created? 1. to expand American exports 2. to regulate railroad freight rates 3. to encourage increased imports 4. to boost the dairy industry 5. to clean up corruption in politics

to regulate railroad freight rates

What was the purpose of the Committee on Public Information? 1. to combat the growing presence of Communism in the United States following the end of the Great War 2. to form a prewar public information network, which was discontinued after the United States entered the war due to funding problems 3. to provide an independent, nonpartisan source where Americans could find information about the causes of the war and the nations involved in the fight 4. to shape public perceptions about the war to generate support for the American war effort 5. to organize dissent against American involvement in the war by highlighting the atrocities committed by both sides before 1917

to shape public perceptions about the war to generate support for the American war effort

Which of the following characterized the Great War? 1. trench warfare and powerful new weapons 2. the need for only partial mobilization 3. fascism in Germany and Italy 4. the reliance on airplanes above all else 5. the long stalemate that led to so few deaths

trench warfare and powerful new weapons