history final
. As a consequence of the Battle of Shiloh, A. General Grant realized that a complete conquest of the South would be necessary to save the Union. B. Lincoln gave command of Union forces to General Ulysses S. Grant, replacing General George McClellan. C. General Robert E. Lee suggested that President Davis open peace negotiations with the Union. D. McClellan's forces were forced to retreat to the Potomac, thus saving the Confederate capital at Richmond.
a
. Early in the war, Jefferson Davis tried to rally southerners to the Confederate cause by A. telling them that they were fighting for constitutional liberty. B. hinting that the Confederate government was considering a bonus of two slaves for all nonslaveholding soldiers. C. emphasizing the importance of maintaining the slave system. D. calling for a redistribution of land to help landless southern whites.
a
. The dilemma facing Lincoln when he entered the presidency was A. how to maintain the authority of the federal government without provoking war with the states that had seceded. B. whether to recognize the Confederacy as an independent, sovereign nation. C. how to work with a Congress controlled by Democrats. D. whether to seek gradual or immediate emancipation of the slaves.
a
As a result of this incident in November 1864, U.S. troops massacred over 100 Cheyenne men, women, and children. A. The Sand Creek Massacre B. The Massacre at Wounded Knee C. The Thompkin's Ferry Massacre D. The Washita Massacre
a
At its 1860 convention, the Democratic Party A. split into northern and southern wings, each nominating a different presidential candidate. B. pledged to support the Court's decision in the Dred Scott case. C. included a plank in its platform calling for the extension of the Missouri Compromise line to the Pacific Ocean. D. narrowly defeated an antislavery minority report calling for a constitutional amendment to abolish slavery.
a
Both Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis would agree with which of the following statements? A. War requires active presidential leadership. B. The legislative branch of the government works best without executive leadership. C. A nation's domestic affairs are handled most efficiently when power is decentralized. D. A president is bound by the same constitutional restrictions in war as he is in peace.
a
During the Civil War, Congress enacted legislation that A. led to the creation of land-grant colleges. B. lowered tariff rates. C. imposed the first tax on income. D. established federal agencies to regulate industry.
a
In the Dred Scott decision, the Supreme Court ruled that A. Dred Scott was not a United States citizen. B. slaves could acquire freedom only by purchasing it. C. residence in free territory made Dred Scott free. D. Congress had the power to bar slavery from a territory.
a
John Brown's raid at Harpers Ferry increased anger in the South because A. it was revealed that Brown had financial backing from several prominent abolitionists. B. it led to a general slave uprising throughout Virginia. C. President Buchanan praised Brown as a hero and a martyr. D. federal troops came to Brown's aid, allowing him to escape.
a
One of the factors contributing to the 1863 New York City riots was A. anti-black sentiment on the part of white working-class New Yorkers. B. the long delay in implementing emancipation. C. the exemption of Irish immigrants from the draft. D. the passage of heavy new taxes to finance the war.
a
The different political factions that joined together to form the Republican Party in 1854 were united by their A. opposition to the expansion of slavery into the territories. B. fear over the possibility of civil war. C. determination to abolish slavery. D. desire to acquire more territory from Mexico.
a
The radical, new southern position on the territories espoused by John C. Calhoun in 1846 contradicted the A. Missouri Compromise. B. Monroe Doctrine. C. Polk Doctrine. D. three-fifths compromise.
a
What seems to have been Stephen Douglas's intent in introducing the Kansas-Nebraska bill? A. He wanted to promote the construction of a midwestern transcontinental railroad in order to economically benefit his home state of Illinois. B. He wanted to strengthen his chances for re-election to the Senate in 1854. C. He wanted to settle permanently the conflict over slavery in the territories. D. He wanted to win national attention as the basis for a future presidential campaign.
a
When Union naval forces seized part of the Sea Islands off the South Carolina coast, they discovered which of the following? A. Slaves celebrated what they hoped was their freedom as frightened planters abandoned their lands and fields. B. To provide stability to the large slave population, it was best to allow the plantation owners to remain. C. Despite the war, plantations in the area were running in a smooth and orderly fashion. D. Slaves in the area fought valiantly on the side of their masters, having little idea of what the war was about.
a
Which of the following is true of desertions from the Confederate army? A. The army was suffering a high rate of desertion by 1863, and the problem continued to grow worse. B. The army was plagued by a high rate of desertion from the beginning of the war. C. The army began experiencing significant desertions only in the last few months of the war. D. The army never had the desertion problem experienced by the northern army because southerners were so fervently committed to their cause.
a
Which of the following statements best expresses the beliefs of the Republican Party of the 1850s? A. Both the dignity of labor and the availability of economic opportunity are essential to the future progress of the United States. B. All ethnic groups living in the United States should be afforded political, social, and economic equality. C. The central government should remain limited in its power and should not intervene in the economic life of the states. D. Slavery is morally wrong and should be abolished immediately.
a
Which of the following was a consequence of the Emancipation Proclamation? A. Thousands of former slaves joined the Union armies. B. The Confederacy was able to secure a much-needed loan from Holland. C. Great Britain decided to recognize the Confederacy. D. Several southern states decided to abandon the Confederacy and signed a separate peace with the Union.
a
Which of the following was a consequence of the Wilmot Proviso? A. It transformed the debate over the War with Mexico into a debate over the expansion of slavery. B. It led to the annexation of Texas by joint resolution of Congress. C. Its stipulations further fed northern fears of the Slave Power. D. It caused southerners to become outspoken opponents of the War with Mexico.
a
Which of the following was true of the Union Pacific Railroad and the Central Pacific Railroad during the Civil War? A. Not only did they receive large loans from the federal government, they also received millions of acres of land. B. The two corporations were plagued by worker unrest and strikes. C. Due to lack of funds, they were forced to halt the laying of track that would have provided a link between Omaha, Nebraska, and Sacramento, California. D. The two railroad corporations were unable to agree on a standard track gauge, which prevented the creation of a unified transportation system.
a
Women such as Dorothea Dix, Mary Ann Bickerdyke, and Clara Barton A. advanced the professionalization of nursing during the Civil War. B. gained the respect and admiration of the male-dominated medical profession for their work as nurses during the course of the Civil War. C. received official recognition from President Lincoln for their service to the Union cause. D. pioneered the way for the acceptance of women as physicians by being among the first of their gender to attend medical school.
a
. After passage of the Fugitive Slave Law, A. Mexican authorities extradited runaway slaves to the United States for prosecution. B. a significant number of blacks living in the North saw the act as a threat to their freedom and fled to Canada. C. most northern judges refused to enforce the act because of its repressive nature. D. the Underground Railroad ceased to operate.
b
. How did proslavery theorists counteract the indictment of slavery as a moral wrong? A. They proposed that slaves be paid a nominal fee for the work they performed. B. They contended that slavery was more humane than wage labor. C. They pointed to the three-fifths clause in the Constitution. D. They argued that passage of the Missouri Compromise of 1820 legalized slavery in a portion of the Louisiana Territory.
b
. President Pierce's efforts to acquire Cuba caused which of the following? A. Northern support for the liberation of Cuba allayed fears in that region that Pierce was controlled by the Slave Power. B. Many northerners were angered because slavery was legal in Cuba. C. Support for such efforts by both northerners and southerners led to friendlier relations between the two sections of the country. D. Many southerners concluded that Pierce wanted to end slavery and colonize blacks in the Caribbean.
b
. The American Party of the mid-1850s (the Know-Nothings) drew its primary support from those who feared A. abolitionism. B. foreigners. C. possible civil war. D. uncontrolled industrialization.
b
. Which of the following is true of the Compromise of 1850? A. It completely rejected the idea of popular sovereignty. B. It included a stronger fugitive slave law. C. It abolished both slavery and the slave trade in the District of Columbia. D. It angered northerners by acknowledging the
b
As a result of the Dred Scott decision, A. President Buchanan called publicly for the impeachment of Chief Justice Roger Taney. B. the presence of an aggressive Slave Power was confirmed in the minds of many northerners. C. several southern states threatened to secede from the Union. D. most white northerners favored a constitutional amendment extending equal rights to African Americans.
b
As a result of the fall of Fort Henry and Fort Donelson, A. Union forces gained control of the entire Mississippi River. B. a path into Tennessee, Alabama, and Mississippi lay open before the Union Army. C. the last Confederate outposts in the far West fell to Union forces. D. New Orleans fell to Union troops.
b
Creation of the national banking system led to A. increased flexibility in the money supply. B. a sounder currency. C. a more complicated monetary system. D. a banking system responsive to local needs, irrespective of region.
b
During the Civil War, Congress and the Treasury Department A. outlawed the issuance of bank notes by state banks. D. created a national banking system with the authority to issue national bank notes. C. established the Independent Treasury System. D. reformed the national banking system to insure its responsiveness to local needs, irrespective of region.
b
During the Civil War, the North differed from the South in which of the following respects? A. Agricultural production increased in the South; northern agricultural production plummeted. B. The South became poorer; the North remained prosperous. C. The South's industry expanded a little; all northern industries experienced unprecedented growth. D. The South experienced severe inflation; northern prices remained stable.
b
In order to win the war, Jefferson Davis believed that the Confederacy would have to A. convince the border states to join the Confederacy. B. move toward a centralization of power. C. industrialize. D. convince nonslaveowning whites to join the all-volunteer Confederate army.
b
In the American West, the Civil War marked the beginning of A. the lucrative mining of gold in California. B. prolonged warfare against Indian peoples in the region. C. cotton production in Arizona. D. an enduring alliance between the United States government and the Pueblos.
b
Jefferson Davis's goal in the 1862 general offense he ordered against the North was to A. seize and operate northern iron works. B. convince the invaded states to conclude a separate peace with the Confederacy. C. stop the flow of northern troops into the South. D. capture Cincinnati and halt the flow of trade on the Ohio River.
b
Major southern offensive actions ended as a result of A. Grant's seizure of Fort Henry and Fort Donelson. B. the defeat of Lee's forces at Gettysburg. C. Lee's defeat in the Seven Days Battles. D. The defeat of Confederate forces in the Battle of Chancellorsville.
b
Senator John J. Crittenden's attempts at compromise failed because A. southern leaders in the Senate refused to accept any limits on slavery in the territories. B. Lincoln refused to compromise on the extension of slavery into the territories. C. Jefferson Davis refused to accept the proposal that popular sovereignty be used to decide the slavery issue in the territories. D. the Confederacy decided to attack a federal fort in Charleston Harbor.
b
The case of Jay Cooke illustrates which of the following? A. The extent to which the mechanization of agriculture increased in the North during the Civil War B. The wartime partnership between the federal government and northern business interests C. The stark contrast between the living conditions of Confederate soldiers and the living conditions of Confederate government officials D. The suffering endured by southerners due to food shortages and inflation
b
The first shots of the Civil War were fired at A. Richmond, Virginia. B. Charleston, South Carolina. C. Newport News, Virginia. D. Montgomery, Alabama.
b
The northern naval blockade of southern ports was A. nonexistent until the final year of the war. B. weak at first but increasingly effective as the war continued. C. never strong enough to have a significant effect. D. effective from its start in choking off goods going into the South.
b
Which of the following constitutional arguments was designed to protect the institution of slavery? A. The Constitution should be interpreted loosely so that the central government may assume as much power as possible. B. Because slaves are property, slaveowners have a constitutional right to take them into the territories. C. Slave states are afforded special privileges under the Constitution. D. The Union is the result of a compact among the people of the nation.
b
Which of the following is true of General McClellan? A. His plan to take Richmond would probably have worked if Lincoln had not forced him to delay his attack. B. In the 1862 Peninsula Campaign, he ignored President Lincoln's order to advance against Confederate forces. C. His brilliant strategy was responsible for the Union victory at Shiloh. D. His decision to divide his army in the face of a superior Confederate army was the main reason for the thousands of Union casualties at the Battle of Shiloh.
b
Which of the following occurred in response to California's application for statehood in 1850? A. President Taylor called a special session of Congress for the purpose of repealing the Missouri Compromise. B. Some southern politicians wanted to postpone California's admission to the Union and make it a slave territory. C. Several New England states threatened to secede from the Union if California was admitted as a slave state. D. Congress adopted an amendment to the California statehood bill that extended the Missouri Compromise line to the Pacific.
b
Which of the following was a major problem associated with the idea of popular sovereignty? A. Proponents of the idea refused to say whether or not slaves would be counted in determining the population of a territory. B. Northern Democrats explained the idea to their constituents in one way, while southern Democrats explained it to their constituents in a different way. C. The idea of popular sovereignty allowed Congress to determine qualifications for voting in a particular territory. D. Those who supported the idea disagreed among themselves over whether or not free blacks would have equality under the law in the territories.
b
. After the Dred Scott decision, A. northern newspapers strongly urged that the decision be accepted in spite of the dangers it posed. B. the justices who dissented in the decision resigned from the Supreme Court. C. Lincoln warned that the next step would be for the Supreme Court to deny a state the right to exclude slavery. D. the Republican party was thoroughly discredited because the Supreme Court had endorsed southern constitutional arguments.
c
. The first southern state to secede from the Union was A. Alabama. B. Mississippi. C. South Carolina. D. Texas.
c
19. Which of the following is true of the Kansas-Nebraska Act? A. It cleared up the confusion that surrounded popular sovereignty. B. It prohibited slavery in the two organized territories created by the law. C. It had the effect of repealing the Missouri Compromise. D. It extended the Missouri Compromise line to the Pacific.
c
6. The proposal for popular sovereignty called for deciding the issue of slavery in the territories through a A. constitutional amendment. B. direct nationwide election. C. decision by the residents in each territory. D. vote in both houses of Congress.
c
9. How did Senator Stephen Douglas salvage the Compromise of 1850? A. He won a public endorsement of the compromise from President Zachary Taylor. B. He ultimately allowed southern Democrats to dictate the terms of the compromise. C. He introduced each measure of the compromise separately and in that way gained passage of all of the measures. D. He threatened to remove Democrats who opposed the compromise from important congressional committees.
c
During the Civil War substantial numbers of wealthy southerners avoided military service by A. bribing draft officials. B. volunteering as nurses and orderlies in Confederate hospitals. C. furnishing a hired substitute. D. relocating to England for the duration of the war.
c
Fear of the Slave Power was fear that the A. use of slave labor would allow southern producers to undersell northern producers. B. distribution of abolitionist literature among slaves was likely to inspire a violent slave revolt. C. slaveholding elite that controlled the South was determined to control the entire nation. D. slave population was growing so rapidly that slaves would soon far outnumber whites in many southern states.
c
Southern Democrats appealed to nonslaveholders in the South by A. advocating the passage of protective tariffs. B. supporting a federal land-grant program in the territories. C. playing on their racial fears. D. arguing that any hardworking person could acquire slaves.
c
The Union Army's march to the sea through Georgia under General Sherman was notable because A. the northern soldiers engaged in an orgy of rape and murder of civilians. B. it ended with Sherman's army bogged down in trench warfare much like what was to come in the First World War. C. the soldiers inflicted total destruction on the land and its economic resources. D. the army foolishly blundered into several Confederate ambushes and suffered needlessly heavy casualties.
c
The overriding issue in the presidential election of 1848 was A. tariff rates. B. the conduct of the War with Mexico. C. slavery in the territories. D. the independent treasury bill.
c
Which of the following beliefs is most closely associated with Confederate nationalism? A. The Confederacy will stand as the bastion of direct democracy throughout the world. B. The Republic was built on the concept of the dignity of labor, and that is the cause for which the Confederacy fights. C. Opposition to centralized power is the true legacy of the American Revolution, and that is the cause for which the Confederacy fights. D. All people should be equal under the law, and that is the cause for which the Confederacy fights.
c
Which of the following was a feature common to both the Confederate draft and the Union draft? A. Both were instituted only after approval in a referendum. B. Both exempted large landowners from service. C. Both allowed the hiring of substitutes. D. Both exempted young men enrolled in colleges and universities.
c
While serving as a volunteer nurse in Washington, D.C., Walt Whitman A. made official complaints to Congress about the discriminatory treatment of African American soldiers in U.S. Army hospitals. B. wrote of the lack of skill and absence of compassion of army surgeons. C. gained inspiration from the courage and sacrifice of the common soldier. D. spoke of the outstanding performance of women in the Army Nursing Corp.
c
Who introduced the Kansas-Nebraska bill into the Senate? A. James Buchanan B. Henry Clay C. Stephen Douglas D. Franklin Pierce
c
. The Republican party of the 1850s A. began as and remained a one-issue party. B. had a pessimistic outlook concerning the future of the nation. C. was prepared to moderate its position on slavery in the territories. D. adopted a platform that appealed to those who were interested in the economic development of the West.
d
23. As indicated in his response to Horace Greeley's call for emancipation, Abraham Lincoln's primary goal was to A. win re-election in 1864. B. punish Confederate officials. C. guarantee equality for freed slaves. D. save the Union.
d
3. In Uncle Tom's Cabin, Harriet Beecher Stowe A. denounced slave owners as immoral and sinful. B. portrayed slavery as beneficial to blacks. C. condemned the national government for allowing slavery to continue. D. portrayed the evil effects of the institution of slavery on slave owners rather than condemning all southerners.
d
30. In his speeches in the 1850s, Abraham Lincoln A. accepted a limited application of the policy of popular sovereignty. B. called for the immediate abolition of slavery. C. advocated the passage of a constitutional amendment to end slavery gradually. D. suggested that the South sought to spread slavery throughout the nation.
d
31. During the final two years of the Civil War, it became obvious that southern planters A. were willing to accept momentous changes in their lives in order to bolster the Confederate war effort. B. recognized that the idea of states' rights had been a casualty of the war. C. were about the only element left in the South that still supported the Confederate government. D. were more committed to their own selfish interests than to the creation of an independent southern nation.
d
38. In his campaign against the Navajos, Kit Carson A. adopted a conciliatory approach that resulted in a Navajo alliance with the Union. B. met with such determined resistance that he withdrew Union troops from the New Mexico Territory. C. was victorious largely as the result of an alliance he forged with the Mescalero Apaches. D. adopted a scorched earth policy.
d
A Union victory in this battle cut the Confederacy in half and gave Union forces control of the Mississippi River. A. The Battle of Atlanta B. The Battle of Chancellorsville C. The Battle of Gettysburg D. The Battle of Vicksburg
d
Abraham Lincoln, unlike Jefferson Davis, A. did not become emotionally involved in the war effort. B. always consulted with Congress before making major decisions. C. refused to use his emergency war powers to suspend basic constitutional rights. D. knew how to stay in touch with the common people.
d
After the secession of South Carolina, which of the following arguments was advanced by southern extremists? A. Those who favor compromise do not have the best interests of the South at heart and are traitors to the southern cause. B. All southern states should follow South Carolina's lead and prepare to attack the North and take the western territories by force. C. Other southern states should not be influenced by South Carolina's decision and must make their own independent decisions about withdrawing from the Union. D. Even those who favor compromise should support secession because a better deal can be made by negotiating from outside rather than inside the Union.
d
In 1860, Abraham Lincoln was elected president with A. a majority of both popular and electoral votes. B. a majority of popular votes and less than a majority of electoral votes. C. less than a majority of both popular and electoral votes. D. less than a majority of popular votes and a majority of electoral votes.
d
Northern women made up most of the volunteers who ran the thousands of auxiliaries of this organization during the Civil War. A. The American Red Cross B. Daughters of the Union C. The U.S. Public Information Agency D. The U.S. Sanitary Commission
d
Stephen Douglas angered southern Democrats by A. introducing legislation designed to undo the Dred Scott decision. B. proposing a constitutional amendment to extend citizenship to African Americans. C. calling for the extension of the Missouri Compromise line to the Pacific. D. taking a public stand against the Lecompton constitution.
d
The greatest number of deaths among Union troops in the Civil War resulted from A. bullet wounds. B. hand-to-hand bayonet combat. C. unsanitary surgical equipment. D. disease and accidents.
d
What part of the Compromise of 1850 increased sectional controversy and conflict during the 1850s? A. The admission of California as a free state B. The settlement of the Texas boundary question C. The ending of the slave trade in Washington, D.C. D. The Fugitive Slave Act
d
Which of the following is true of Charles Sumner and Preston Brooks? A. Their treatise against slavery on economic grounds caused an increase in antislavery sentiment among Northerners. B. By supporting the Lecompton Constitution in Kansas, they sought a peaceful and moderate solution to the Kansas crisis. C. They demonstrated that Northern and Southern moderates could still work together for the national interest. D. They were symbolic of just how emotional the political issue of slavery had become by 1856.
d
Which of the following is true of Jefferson Davis? A. He communicated better with the common people than with members of his own class. B. His amiable, warm, and open nature endeared him to all classes of southerners. C. Because of his intelligence and insightfulness, he was a masterful war leader. D. Because he was never able to reach out to the masses or understand their suffering, he lost the support of the common people
d
Which of the following is true of the Emancipation Proclamation? A. It freed all slaves in the South immediately. B. It freed slaves in the North and the South. C. It freed slaves only in the border states and the western territories. D. It freed slaves only in those areas in which the federal government exercised no control.
d
Which of the following statements best expresses the southern version of republicanism? A. To create a more perfect society, individuals must subordinate their individual desires to the good of the group. B. The rights and liberties of the people can best be protected by a strong central government. C. Social distinctions between rich and poor are necessary for the creation of an orderly society. D. White citizens in a slave society enjoy liberty and social equality because of slavery.
d
Which of the following was a consequence of the Battle of Chancellorsville? A. It led directly to the Emancipation Proclamation. B. It was a devastating defeat for the Confederacy. C. Confederate General Joseph E. Johnston was forced to resign. D. Stonewall Jackson was mistakenly killed by Confederate troops.
d
Which of the following was a consequence of the case of Anthony Burns? A. The Fugitive Slave Act was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. B. Nonslaveholding southerners began to challenge the political power of the South's plantation aristocracy. C. The Underground Railroad was declared illegal and ceased its operations. D. Fear that the Slave Power dominated American government increased among northerners.
d
Which of the following was a reason for Lincoln's avoidance of the issue of slavery early in the war? A. Officials in the border states coerced Lincoln into remaining silent on the issue. B. Lincoln wanted Republican Party officials to accept a leadership position on the issue of slavery. C. Because all northerners saw slavery as a moral outrage, Lincoln saw no reason to deal with the issue. D. Bringing up the issue would have destroyed any chance of a pro-Union majority asserting itself in the South.
d
Which of the following was true of the South during the early months of the Civil War? A. Critical of South Carolina's decision to fire on Fort Sumter, many southerners called for peace negotiations. B. Nonslaveholders began openly to express their long-suppressed hostility toward slaveholders. C. Most southerners viewed the future with uncertainty. D. Confederate armies had more volunteers than the government could properly arm.
d
