history final practice study guide
Which of the following did W.E.B. Du Bois say in his opposition to Marcus Garvey?
"[He] is the most dangerous enemy of the Negro Race....He is either a lunatic or a traitor."
What percentage of military inductees were college students during the Vietnam War?
2
The legislation passed by Congress at Johnson's urging in 1965 included all of the following EXCEPT:
A balanced budget amendment
The 1920's represented a period in American history when:
A new culture of consumption and pleasure clashed with traditional values
The Lend-Lease Act of 1941:
Allowed the President to transfer arms to any country whose defense he deemed vital to the protection of the U.S.
Which of the following statements best describes the diplomatic stance of Woodrow Wilson and William Jennings Bryan?
America has a religious duty to spread democracy and moral progress throughout the world.
As a result of Japan's show of strength in the Russo-Japanese War:
Americans began to doubt the security of the Philippines and access to the China market
All of the following were consequences of the Vietnam War EXCEPT:
Americans were more determined than ever to spread democracy
The land distribution policies of the United States in the 19th century:
Brought millions of acres of land under cultivation, helping to feed the booming population Contributed to the continued destruction of Native American tribes on the plains Resulted in business interests building up enormous land holdings for exploitation Made land available to common people on a scale unprecedented in history Correct! All of the above
All of the following is true of television during the 1950's EXCEPT:
By the end of the decade most homes still did not have a television
The United States experienced a shock in 1949 when Communists took over:
China
Nixon's new relationship with China was made possible by:
China's growing fear of the Soviet Union.
How did African Americans tend to respond to white supremacy in the South at the end of the nineteenth century?
Despite great adversity, many African Americans embraced their own lively culture and the new economic opportunities that segregation had ironically opened up in terms of black businesses.
All of the following are aspects of the postwar Liberal Consensus EXCEPT:
Distaste for class conflict
Which of the following statements accurately summarizes the nature of Gilded Age politics?
Dominated by "special interests," the Gilded Age showed more political corruption than political innovation.
By the spring of 1945, the United States and Britain were becoming deeply concerned over Soviet actions in:
Eastern Europe.
Which amendment to the Constitution is known as the Prohibition amendment?
Eighteenth
The automobile industry:
Emerged as the largest industry in the nation Led to increased government spending on roads Helped lead to the rise of the suburbs Contributed to the reduction of urban streetcars Correct! All of the above
Of the four presidential candidates in 1912, the one most likely to advocate government ownership of big business was
Eugene Debs.
Wilson's 14 Points included all of the following EXCEPT:
Germans made to pay heavy reparations
The fall of the Berlin Wall was soon followed by:
Germany's reunification.
President Johnson labeled his overall program of domestic reform the:
Great Society.
As a result of the Truman Doctrine:
Greece and Turkey were less vulnerable to communism.
By 1966 the civil rights movement:
Had achieved historic victories in the preceding decade Was increasingly frustrated with the white liberal establishment Fostered a group of young leaders advocating more radical and even violent forms of protest Was split over identity, values, means and goals Correct! All of the above
Roosevelt's actions in the Anthracite Coal Strike of 1902 demonstrated:
He was willing to use the authority of government as a countervailing force to corporations
Muckrakers:
Helped increase awareness and create political will to demand reforms
Violence erupted at the Homestead Works in 1892 when:
Henry Frick tried to break a strike by bringing in the Pinkertons.
The Harlem Renaissance:
Involved a generation of African American intellectuals and artists who stressed pride
Why was Helen Hunt Jackson's book A Century of Dishonor so influential?
It affected American attitudes toward Indians similar to how Uncle Tom's Cabin mobilized the abolitionist movement a generation earlier.
What is "yellow journalism"?
It refers to sensationalist news coverage that was designed to sell papers and manipulate public opinion.
The Emergency Banking Relief Act was probably the most important of all New Deal programs because:
It restored faith in the banking system
What was the purpose of the Dawes Severalty Act?
It sought to "Americanize" Indians by dealing with them as individuals.
Which of the following statements about the Social Security Act is NOT true?
It was based on a progressive tax that took a larger percentage of higher incomes.
Which of the following best accounts for the success of Standard Oil?
Its corporate structure—known as vertical integration—allowed the company to grow tremendously.
In South Vietnam in the early 1960s:
Kennedy was increasing the number of American military advisers.
The Treaty of Versailles
Planted the seeds for the rise of Hitler and World War II
During the coal strike:
President Theodore Roosevelt won support for his use of the "big stick" against big business.
As president, Coolidge advocated:
Prime function of government was to uphold and enforce the law
Eisenhower's foreign policy:
Promoted rollback while practicing containment
All of the following is true of the student protests against the Vietnam War EXCEPT:
Protests became more peaceful and less destructive
All of the following were aspects of Wilson's war policy EXCEPT:
Reduction in the size and scope of government
Which of the following best describes the method used by most progressives to solve the problem of economic power and its abuses?
Regulate big business.
During the 1970's, Americans experienced all of the following EXCEPT:
Resurgence of manufacturing jobs
The 1991 Persian Gulf War resulted in:
Saddam Hussein remaining in power.
Jane Addams and her efforts in Chicago are an example of:
Settlement House Movement
During the 1930's the United States:
Sought to remain removed from the growing tensions in Europe
All of the following are reasons for the rapid industrialization of the United States EXCEP
Strict government regulation of industry
All of the following are true of the Birmingham protests EXCEPT:
Television was unimportant in shaping opinion
How did the American Federation of Labor differ from the Knights of Labor?
The AFL was a federation of national organizations, each of which retained a large degree of autonomy, while the Knights organization was more centralized.
What helped the Allies gain the advantage in the Battle of the Atlantic?
The Allies decoded German messages that indicated where the U-boats were.
What distinguished the Farmers' Alliances from the Granger movement?
The Grange was a national organization that tended to attract more prosperous farmers, while the Alliances were grassroots organizations filled with struggling farmers.
What was the most significant consequence of the Battle of Leyte Gulf?
The Japanese lost most of their remaining sea power and ability to defend the Philippines.
The title of the novel that described the terrible conditions of the meatpacking industry was:
The Jungle
The "Containment Policy" argued that:
The U.S. must be committed to the long-term prevention of Soviet expansionism
In the Pacific theater of the war:
The United States practiced an "island hopping" campaign
The Montgomery Bus Boycott showed all of the following EXCEPT:
The boycott would be an effective tool in all circumstances
Liberty ships are an example of:
The dynamism of American capitalism wedded with a national purpose
After nearly a decade of New Deal policies all of the following are true EXCEPT:
The economy had fully recovered
Workers were confronted by all of the following challenges EXCEPT:
The inability to organize into labor unions
The emergence of the Cold War following the Second World War led to:
The political and economic division of Europe into eastern and western blocks
Which of the following occurred from the end of the Civil War to the turn of the century?
The value of manufactures increased sixfold.
What was the significance of the use of atomic bombs against Japan?
They allowed the Americans to avoid an amphibious invasion of Japan.
Which of the following was true of the leaders of the settlement house movement?
They directed their attention to the problems faced by the working poor and immigrant communities living in cities.
Tenement houses in New York City:
They were crammed together and often housed twenty-four to thirty-two families.
As the 1948 election approached:
Truman seemed to be in deep political trouble.
Why was Lester Frank Ward's Dynamic Sociology considered a challenge to William Graham Sumner's "social Darwinism"?
Ward argued that cooperation among people better promoted progress, while Sumner believed in competition.
The desire to restore traditional values and social stability in 1920 led voters to elect as president:
Warren G. Harding.
Pearl Harbor:
Was a tremendous Japanese victory Was part of one of the most audacious military plans in history Immediately united Americans Japanese success was woefully small military return for the risk Correct! All of the above
The explosive growth of railroads in the late 19th century:
Was aided by huge government subsidies
When war broke out in Europe in 1914 the United States:
Was not influential in European diplomatic circles
Japanese internment:
Was ordered by Franklin Roosevel
As president, Kennedy:
Was reluctant to fully support the civil rights movement
The Marshall Plan:
Was the U.S. plan of massive economic recovery aid for the rebuilding of Europe
Andrew Carnegie:
Was the first to make industrial technology an essential part of big business Dramatically increased steel production Played a large role in the expansion of the U.S. economy Often was in conflict with workers Correct! All of the above
All of the following were challenges confronting Harry Truman EXCEPT:
Widespread belief he would not receive the nomination of his party for reelection
All of the following are factors contributing to U.S. entrance in WWI EXCEPT:
Wilson's commitment to support Great Britain in their conflict with Germany
A believer in Social Darwinism would agree with which of the following?
a "hands-off" government policy in regard to business intended to protect a free, competitive marketplace.
The event that triggered World War I in Europe was:
a Serb's assassination of the Austrian archduke.
The Cuban missile crisis led to all of the following EXCEPT:
a U.S.-Soviet agreement to scrap nuclear weapons.
The centerpiece of President Obama's effort to restore the economy was:
a huge economic stimulus package.
The "yellow peril" was:
a racially charged description of a perceived threat from Japan.
One major factor working in Reagan's favor in his 1984 reelection bid was:
a robustly growing economy.
All of the following contributed to the postwar economic boom EXCEPT:
Decrease in the number of women in the workforce
Six states were created from the western territories in the years 1889-1890. These states were not admitted before 1889 because:
Democrats in Congress were reluctant to create states out of territories that were heavily Republican.
Urban immigrants
Demonstrated remarkable upward mobility
Prohibition led to all of the following EXCEPT:
Dramatically lowered crime rates
In 1999, NATO air strikes helped stop "ethnic cleansing" in:
Kosovo
In 1877 the United States was confronted by all of the following EXCEPT:
Lack of immigration
During the 1950's:
Large numbers of people enjoyed a higher standard of living
The Homestead Strike:
Made clear that government would side with capital
Greensboro and the Freedom Riders :
Marked the emergence of greater student involvement and leadership in the civil rights movement
By the time Wilson took office Progressivism reflected all of the following beliefs EXCEPT
Minority groups should receive full equality
What organization sought to set workplace standards, such as child labor restrictions?
National Recovery Administration
UN forces reaching the Yalu River brought about:
a massive Chinese intervention.
The United States entered the 1990s:
as the world's only remaining superpower.
The interstate highway system was:
considered a military and economic benefit
In 1933, President Roosevelt confronted all the following major challenges EXCEPT:
defending the country against communism.
Life magazine's ideal woman of the mid-1950s was:
having babies.
The U.S. military effort in France:
helped turn back several German offensives.
A major economic problem President Truman faced immediately after the war was:
high rates of inflation.
War relocation camps in the United States:
housed more than 112,000 Japanese Americans during the war.
"Nativists" believed that:
immigrants threatened traditional American culture.
In regard to Vietnam policy, Nixon:
insisted that he would pursue "peace with honor."
The Panamanian government of Manuel Noriega was at odds with the Bush administration because of its:
involvement in the drug trade.
One of the reasons mass transit was significant to developing cities was because:
it allowed larger numbers of people to become commuters and live away from the central city.
The Yalta pledges of democratic elections in Eastern Europe:
proved to be meaningless.
The main purpose of the Civilian Conservation Corps was to:
provide work relief for young men.
The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act:
provided for appointment to a number of government jobs on the basis of competitive exams.
After the war, Americans were most eager to:
purchase
One major reason that World War II inspired postwar changes in race relations was the:
racist nature of the enemies of the United States.
Shocking events at Kent State University involved:
the killing of four students by the National Guard
The Zimmerman telegram:
urged the Mexican government to invade the United States.
In the area of conservation, Theodore Roosevelt:
used the Forest Reserve Act to protect over 170 million acres of forest.
The Great Railroad Strike of 1877 was provoked by:
wage cuts that followed a depression.
The result of the 1960 election:
was a narrow victory for Kennedy.
Huey Long's program to end the Depression:
was a plan to share the wealth.
President Wilson's response to the sinking of the Lusitania:
was a series of notes demanding that Germany stop such actions and pay reparations.
The Haymarket affair:
was blamed on seven anarchist leaders despite a lack of evidence.
In early 1937, FDR proposed to reform the Supreme Court by:
adding up to six additional members.
The Republican Contract with America:
aimed to reduce the size of the government and limit the welfare state.
The decision to drop the atomic bombs on Japan:
all of the above are true
All of the following were features of the economy during the Clinton years EXCEPT:
an increase in blue-collar jobs despite foreign competition.
The Seventeenth Amendment:
authorized the popular election of U.S. senators.
In regard to Israel's founding in 1948, the United States:
became the first country to recognize the Jewish state.
The hippie movement ultimately:
began to wane as the counterculture had become counterproductive.
One of rock and roll's most important contributions was to:
bridge class and racial divisions.
In the early 1970s, angry protests began to erupt in cities outside the South over:
busing
Part of the reason for the stock market crash was the:
buying of great amounts of stock on margin.
Frequently lumped together as "Okies" or "Arkies," dust bowl refugees:
came from cotton belt communities.
Following the defeat of Germany:
came the shocking realization of the full extent of the Holocaust.
The postwar South suffered from an acute shortage of:
capital
Despite the many well-founded criticisms of Warren G. Harding as president, he was a visionary for his era in the field of:
civil rights
By 1967, public opposition to the war was especially strong among:
college students.
As he campaigned for president in 1980, Reagan promised to restore prosperity by:
cutting taxes.
The theories of relativity and quantum physics led people to:
deny the relevance of absolute values in society at large.
By the mid-1950s, an increasing number of workers:
did mental rather than physical labor.
The Tet offensive of early 1968
dramatically affected public support for Johnson's war policy
As a result of the Spanish-American War, the United States:
emerged as an imperial power.
During the early twentieth century, the nation's century-long isolation from European conflicts:
ended
In 1961, Khrushchev escalated tensions over Berlin by:
erecting the Berlin Wall.
Many critics of American life in the 1950s believed that middle-class society suffered from:
excessive conformity.
The immigration quota laws passed in the 1920s:
favored immigrants from northern and western Europe.
A significant economic problem during the war was:
finding enough workers for the essential wartime industries.
Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative:
forced the Soviets to spend extensively to keep pace.
One of the main reasons that electric motors were significant to the industrialization of the late nineteenth century was that they:
freed factories to locate wherever they wished, and not just by waterfalls and coal deposits.
The housing-industry crash in 2007:
froze credit and provoked a recession.
All of the following were put forward as reasons for the United States annexing the Philippines EXCEPT:
gaining access to large oil and coal deposits in the Philippines.
The legislation passed by Congress at Johnson's urging in 1965 included all of the following EXCEPT:
government guarantee of full employment.
Nixon's policy of "Vietnamization" involved:
gradually reducing the number of American troops in Vietnam
After Katrina, Bush's presidency was marked by:
growing public disapproval.
By the end of 1991, the Soviet Union:
had fallen apart.
Tenement houses in New York City:
had higher mortality rates than among the general population
In negotiating with the Big Four over many postwar territorial issues, President Wilson:
had to compromise his principle of self-determination.
Red Scare of 1919-1920 reflected the:
impact of the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia and the actions of militants in the United States.
British and American differences over where to attack Germany first were resolved with the decision to launch an offensive:
in North Africa.
Labor's new direction in the late 1930s was toward:
industrial unions.
Proponents of the New South believed that the South should:
industrialize.
Truman's response to the Soviet blockade of West Berlin in 1948 was to:
launch a massive airlift of supplies into West Berlin
The Vietnam settlement signed on January 27, 1973:
left 150,000 Communist troops in South Vietnam.
Despite the fact that the Great War generated many changes in female employment, these changes were:
limited and brief
In the 1920s, labor unions:
lost a substantial number of members.
All of the following were key political issues during the Gilded Age EXCEPT:
low voter turnout
Margaret Sanger's initial efforts to educate the public about birth control and responsibility were aimed at:
lower class women.
Hoover's early efforts to end the Depression included all of the following EXCEPT:
lower tariffs
The tariff policy of the early 1920s:
made it harder for other nations to sell to the United States.
To earn the federal payments for reducing crops:
many landowners took their leased lands out of production.
During the Gilded Age, the rich were getting richer and:
many other people were at least better off.
Revelations of the Iran-Contra affair indicated that Reagan had violated his pledge to never:
negotiate with terrorists.
Suburban growth was spurred by all of the following EXCEPT:
new construction of mass public transportation.
Modernists in art and literature recognized:
new technologies and embraced scientific discovery.
Nixon's Watergate-related resignation came with the revelation that he had:
ordered a cover-up of the original Watergate break-in.
The Civil Rights Act of 1964:
outlawed segregation in public facilities.
In the case of Schechter Poultry Corporation v. United States, the Supreme Court:
overturned the National Industrial Recovery Act.
The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, did all of the following EXCEPT:
paralyze the United States in fear and disunity.
Following the 1867 "Report on the Condition of the Indian Tribes," Congress decided that the best way to end the Indian wars was to:
persuade the Indians to live on out-of-the-way reservations.
The main purpose of the 1943 meeting between Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin at Tehran was to:
plan the invasion of France and the Russian offensive across Eastern Europe.
Progressives supported all of the following as measures to democratize government EXCEPT the:
poll tax.
Political and social radicalism arose after World War I because:
postwar culture was entering an era of bewildering change.
The Bush Doctrine emphasized:
preemptive military action against terrorists and terrorist regimes.
The major purpose of the passage of the North American Free Trade Agreement was to:
promote freer trade with Canada and Mexico.
The Open Door policy:
proposed that foreign powers keep the China trade open to all nations on an equal basis
The Open Door policy:
proposed that foreign powers keep the China trade open to all nations on an equal basis.
In 1964, students at the University of California at Berkeley:
protested for freedom of political expression
Which of the following best describes the method used by most progressives to solve the problem of economic power and its abuses?
regulate big business
At the Yalta Conference of 1945, the Allies did all of the following EXCEPT:
restore the original Polish government to power in Poland.
The 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago:
resulted in massive rioting in the streets.
In regard to New Deal programs, Eisenhower:
retained most and even expanded some of them
In regard to New Deal programs, Eisenhower:
retained most programs and even expanded some.
The 1924 immigration law:
set strict yearly limits on the number of immigrants allowed into the country.
As railroads spread into Texas and across the plains, the cattle business:
spread with them.
The Roosevelt Corollary:
stated that the United States could intervene in the affairs of Latin American countries to forestall the intervention of other powers
In the Brown decision, the Supreme Court:
struck down "separate but equal" in public education
The "silent majority":
supported politicians like Richard Nixon.
Senator Joseph McCarthy's power began to unravel when he made reckless charges about Communist influence in:
the Democratic party.
One of the causes of the 1893 depression was failure of:
the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad.
In early 1950, Senator Joseph McCarthy claimed to have a list of Communists in:
the State Department.
Senator Joseph McCarthy's power began to unravel when he made reckless charges about Communist influence in:
the U.S. Army
When North Korean Communists invaded South Korea:
the United Nations authorized military intervention against the aggressors.
When the United States and Colombia could not agree on a price for the Canal Zone:
the United States lent support to a separatist rebellion in the Colombian province of Panama.
A new culture of consumption and pleasure clashed with traditional values
the artificial inflation of the 1920's economy
The Camp David Accords involved all of the following EXCEPT:
the creation of a Palestinian state on the West Bank.
One major reason for religion's growing appeal in the 1950s was:
the desire to combat godless communism.
By 1960-1961, a number of students had become inspired to become social reform activists by:
the example of the civil rights movement.
The result in the presidential election of 1920 might be attributed to:
the fact that Americans in the 1920s were "tired of issues, sick at heart of ideals, and weary of being noble."
Western imperialism in the late nineteenth century was stimulated by all of the following EXCEPT:
the fear that Bolshevik ideas might advance around the globe
Western imperialism in the late nineteenth century was stimulated by all of the following EXCEPT:
the fear that Bolshevik ideas might advance around the globe.
The historian Frederick Jackson Turner argued that:
the frontier shaped America's national character.
A major reason that the United States annexed the Philippines despite anti-imperialist opposition in the United States was because:
the islands were located very close to China and China's potential markets
The story of the Sears catalog demonstrates all of the following EXCEPT
the need for currency reform
Most blacks who moved to the North were fleeing terrible poverty in:
the rural South.
Harding's administration is most remembered for:
the scandals that plagued it.
The protest tactic initiated by African-American students in Greensboro, North Carolina, was:
the sit-in
A crisis in Iran involved all of the following EXCEPT:
the takeover of Iran's government by hard-line Communists.
From late 1941 into early 1942, during World War II in the Pacific:
there was a succession of Japanese victories that saw numerous Allied outposts fall.
One reason the United States went to war against Spain was that:
there was strong support among the American people for going to war.
Interconnected transportation and communications networks were essential to the origins of the Second Industrial Revolution in the United States because:
they facilitated the emergence of a national and even international markets for American goods and services.
To punish the United States for supporting Israel during the Yom Kippur War, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries:
threatened to cut off oil shipments to the United States.
Why did Theodore Roosevelt send the "Great White Fleet" on a world tour between 1907 and 1909?
to demonstrate that the United States had arrived as a world power
Congress passed the Homestead Act:
to encourage settlement of the western lands.
Why did the United States fight a war in the Philippines after the Spanish-American War?
to quell an insurrection of Filipinos that opposed annexation by the United States
Why was the Interstate Commerce Commission created?
to regulate railroads
Coolidge's administration was marked by:
tremendous prosperity.
Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were:
two Italian-born anarchists sentenced to death and executed despite questions about the fairness of their trial
Carter's management of the economy resulted in:
unacceptably high rates of inflation
The movement of southern blacks to the North:
was called the "Great Migration."
The Treaty of Versailles:
was not agreeable to the Germans.
The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 was significant in American history because it:
was the first federal law to restrict immigration on the basis of race and class
The Bay of Pigs invasion:
was thoroughly bungled by the CIA and Kennedy administration
President Taft's domestic policies generated a storm of controversy:
within his own party.
At the Triangle Shirtwaist Company in 1911:
workers died as a result of a fire.
For industrial workers in Gilded Age America:
working and living conditions remained precarious.