History of Rock and Roll Chapter 6 (Motown)

Martha and the Vandellas were former members of which group?

Del-Phis

Motown Records was located in which city?

Detroit

Which member of the Supremes left the group in 1969 to focus on a solo career?

Diana Ross

James Brown's early hits were in what style?

Doo-Wop

Curtis Mayfield was most famously involved as a producer for the Four Tops. T or F A studio band for Motown Records

False

The "delayed backbeat" is a concept specific to the Chess record label. T or F

False

The quintessential Motown girl group in the 1960s was the Temptations. T or F

False

Stevie Wonder's first number-one hit on the pop and rhythm-and-blues chart was_____

Fingertips pt.2

James Brown's musical style turned toward________________

Funk

The period 1964-1967 at Motown was dominated by which writing and production team?

Holland-Dozier-Holland

Which Stax song first used the rhythmic concept of the "delayed backbeat"?

In the Midnight Hour

Music producer who worked with Atlantic and Stax Records Songwriters from Stax Records

Jerry Wexler

Which singer performed lead vocals in the Four Tops?

Levi Stubbs

James Brown's career began when he stood in for which musician?

Little Richard

Which type of music served as the root of Aretha Franklin's singing?

Martha Reeves's full-throated, soulful vocal style, which reflected a rise in southern soul and set the stage for Aretha Franklin later in the decade. Gospel Music

_________had hit duet songs with Tammi Terrell

Marvin Gaye

Otis Redding, supported by Booker T. & the MG's, performed at the ________ in the spring of 1967.

Monterey Pop Festival

Which of the following labels had their artists tour the UK with hopes of creating a "reverse invasion"?

Motown

Who was Cholly Atkins?

Motown Choreographer

Where was Fame Studios located?

Muscle Shoals, Alabama

Which of the following labels did Columbia revive in the 1950s to explore new R&B markets?

Okeh Records

Which Stax artist died in a plane crash in 1967?

Otis Redding

A cover version was recorded by Aretha Franklin____________

Pg239

Which artists were provided "on loan" to Stax studio by Jerry Wexler?

Sam and Dave

The last song released before Diana Ross started her solo career A hit song for the Temptations

Someday We'll be Together

Aretha Franklin is often called the "Queen of ________."

Soul

After a number-one hit as a teenager, ________ began to self-produce his Motown albums and exert creative control over his music.

Stevie Wonder?

Which group best represents the essence of the Chicago R&B scene in the 1960s?

The Impressions

Which Motown group showcased the high tenor voice of Eddie Kendricks?

The Temptations

Name two successful Motown guy groups.

The Temptations & the Four Tops

A group that worked with James Brown for a period of time

The famous flames

On the song "Baby Love," what was used to create the hand clap-like sounds in the introduction?

This sound was produced by slapping together wooden two-by-fours, making the song's beat unmis- takable.

Why did Berry Gordy want to move his label to Los Angeles?

To become more involved with the film industry

What was the purpose of the Motown "charm school"?

To teach Motown artists both men and women how to move and speak gracefully

According to Berry Gordy, Motown artists had to project an image of class and sophistication.

True

By the early 1970s, the music of Marvin Gaye, the Temptations, and Stevie Wonder increasingly considered issues related to black urban life. T or F

True

In the early 1960s, Stax was a much smaller operation than Motown. T or F

True

James Brown often fined musicians who made mistakes during performances. T or F

True

Marvin Gaye initially sought a career as a pop crooner in the vein of Frank Sinatra and Nat "King" Cole. T or F

True

Berry Gordy's method of production was derived from Brill Building practices. T or F

True (pg219)

Rock communities embraced southern R&B as the "real thing."

True - pg 244

The Primettes were / was__________

a sister group to the Primes (later known as the Temptations).

Berry Gordy's desire to appeal to white audiences prompted________

criticisms that Motown sold out to white America

What was the purpose of the "quality control" meetings at Motown?

it served as the final test for each song, its arrangement, and its recorded sound (pg 220)

Discuss James Brown's career in soul music. How did his career as an artist differ from that of Motown, Stax, or Atlantic artists? How did he develop his musical style through the 1960s and into the 1970s?

pg 242-243

Originally, Martha Reeves was hired by Motown as a______________

secretary

All of the following are characteristics of "the Stax sound" EXCEPT

tightly harmonized backup vocals

One of the cofounders of Atlantic Records was___________

Ahmet Ertegün

How did James Brown act as a bandleader?

As a bandleader, Brown hired great musicians and rehearsed them vigorously. He even fined players who made mistakes during performances.

In comparison to Atlantic/Stax, the musical style of Motown is often viewed as_______

"politely restrained"

Explain the concept of the "delayed backbeat."

4/4, with an accent on the second beat of each measure that is so late it is almost out of time. This is the Stax "delayed backbeat."

The first hit record for Motown from 1959 was_____________________

Barrett Strong's "Money (That's What I Want)"

Many Stax recordings depended on their studio band called______________________

Booker T & the MGs

Many Stax recordings depended on their studio band called_____________ Who were the founders of Stax Records?

Booker T. & the MG's

Two members from Booker T. & the MG's

Booker T. Jones on organ, Steve Cropper on guitar, Donald "Duck" Dunn on bass, Al Jackson Jr. on drums, Andrew Love on saxo- phone, and Wayne Jackson on trumpet.

The Chicago record label ________ released a broad range of black pop during the 1960s by artists such as Etta James, Sugar Pie DeSanto, and Jackie Ross.

Chess

By following the example of ________ with 1950s crossovers, Berry Gordy decided that original versions of Motown recordings should be acceptable to white audiences.

Chuck Berry

Aretha Franklin's first record contract was with which label?

Columbia Records