History of Sport Exam 2

Who took over as the star player for the Yankees after Ruth retired?

Joe DiMaggio

Byron Bancroft Johnson

"Ban" Johnson was a former sportswriter and editor in Cincinnati who would go on to take over the struggling minor Western Baseball League. After improving the status of the League immensely he decided to make it a major league to compete with the National League in 1899 -- He renamed it the American League

George Herman Ruth

(Babe Ruth) Began his professional career as a pitcher for the Boston Red Sox and later would transform the game of baseball when he was sold to the Yankees in 1920 and started hitting home runs. Others are often thrown into the mix with Ruth when the "greatest player of all time" discussions happen, but no one else changes the game like Ruth did in the 1920s

How many seasons during his 24-year career did Ty Cobb with the betting championship?

12

Francis Ouimet

20 year old former caddy at Brookline Country Club in Boston who won the 1913 US Open at his home course in a playoff over great British champions Harry Vardon and Ted Ray

By 1940 approximately how many baseball players were affiliated with the St. Louis Cardinals through their various farm clubs?

700

Tommie Smith and John Carlos

African-American track athletes who raised their fists in a "Black Power" salute during the medal ceremony in the 1968 Mexico City Olympics. They were both kicked off the team and given 48 hours to leave Mexico City

Dead Ball Era

Also known as the "National Commission" era because prior to 1920 major league baseball was governed by a commission (committee) rather than a single commissioner. It got its name because the ball used during the time was less tightly wound and seemed softer than later years.

Flying Wedge

Also known as the mass-momentum play first used by Harvard. The five heaviest players would form a v-shape wedge around the ball carrier and run over opponents. These plays caused the most injuries in the early days of football

Avery Brundage

American Olympic team member in 1912 who would later serve as president of the American Olympic Committee and IOC

Dream Team

American basketball team during the 1992 Olympics that consisted of professional players for the first time. It is widely believed to be the greatest basketball team ever assembled and easily won the gold medal

Johnny Weissmuller

American swimmer who set Olympic and world records in 100 and 400 meter events in 1924 and 1928 and would later become famous portraying Tarzan in many Hollywood movies

University of Notre Dame

Catholic school founded in South Bend, Indiana, in 1844. By the early 20th century it was known for its academics and baseball team.

What golfer was not born in 1912?

Arnold Palmer

Which team won the 1958 NFL Championship?

Baltimore Colts

Pudge Heffelfinger

Believed to be the first professional football player in American history.

Arnold Palmer

Brought golf into the television age with his go-for-broke style and everyman persona. He was crowned the "King" by the golf fans and remains one of the most beloved figures in the sport.

Who created the American League?

Byron Johnson ("Ban" Johnson)

Jack Nicklaus

Came along in the 1960s as a rival for Palmer. He was never embraced by the public the way Palmer was. He would go on to win more major championships than anyone (18) and is often considered the greatest player of all time.

Walter Chauncey Camp

Captain for the Yale football team and advisor to the team after his graduation. Creator of many innovations in the game including separating the two teams with a line of scrimmage. Eventually would be known as the "Father of American Football" because of his contributions to the game

John Patrick McEnroe

Combustible "Bad Bou" of tennis who came on the scene in the late 70s as a rival for Connors. He would also have a tremendous rivalry with the Swede Bjorn Borg including denying Borg a sixth consecutive championship at Wimbledon in 1981. McEnroe would end his career with seven grand slam titles

Who was Ban Johnson's idea of the perfect manager?

Connie Mack

Byron Nelson

Credited with creating the "modern swing" which involved more leg turn and power from the lower half of the body. In 1945 he won 18 tournaments including a PGA-record 11 in a row. He retired shortly after at the age of 34 to buy a ranch.

Mark Spitz

During the 1972 games he set a swimming record with seven gold medals that stood until Michael Phelps received eight in 2008

Ted Williams

During the same season that DiMaggio was hitting in 56 consecutive games, the Red Sox outfielder batted .406. No player since has batted over .400. Many consider Williams the greatest pure hitter of all time.

Why was Bill Tilden suspended by the USLTA in 1928?

He accepted money for playing tennis

Pete Sampras

Emerged as the greatest of these American players of the decade. He held the number one ranking in the world for most of the decade and retired in 2003 with 14 grand slam titles -- most of all time

Sam Snead

Enjoyed one of the longest careers in golf history with 46 years separating his first victories from his last. He still holds the records for the most total wins in his career (165) and most on the PGA Tour

Merkle Boner

Error made by New York Giant Fred Merkle against the Chicago Cubs in a late season game in 1908 that ultimately cost the Giants the pennant

True or False: Babe Ruth was a prime example of the "inside game" of the 1920s?

False

True or False: Franklin Roosevelt decided to cancel the 1942-45 baseball seasons because of WWII?

False

True or False: Jack Kramer wanted to keep the major tennis tournament closed?

False

True or False: The AFL won the first two Super Bowls?

False

True or False: The Golden Age of the NFL essentially ended after the NFL-AFL merger in the 1960s?

False

True or False: Walter Hagen remained an amateur his entire career?

False

Bill Tilden

First great American Champion who won six consecutive US championships between 1920-1926. He was the number one player in the world for most of the 1920s. He would also win two Wimbledon titles before turning professional in 1930.

Jimmy Connors

First great American champion of the "Open Era." He won eight grand slam events in the 1970s and 80s and played competitive tennis well into his forties becoming somewhat of an elder-statesman in the game in the 1990s.

Wimbledon Championship

First major tennis championship established at the All England Croquet Club near the Wimbledon train station in 1877

Red Grange

First modern football hero who fit perfectly into the new middle class. He was an explosive player who played at Illinois and then in the brand-new National Football League. His ability to slip through tackler's hands earned him the nickname the "Galloping Ghost"

Bert Bell

First owner of the Philadelphia Eagles and would also serve as NFL commissioner

Earl L. (Curly) Lambeau

Football player who was expelled from Notre Dame after it was discovered he played professionally. He then founded a professional team in his hometown of Green Bay, Wisconsin, known as the Packers on which he played for ten years and coached for 30 years.

Charles "Cash and Carry" Pyle

Former theatre promoter who would gain fame as a sports promoter -- most notably as Red Grange's agent

Which major tennis championship was the first to open up to professionals as well as amateurs?

French

Baron Pierre de Coubertin

French nobleman who made it his mission to revive the Olympic Games and formed and served as the president of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), which governed the games for thirty years

Connie Mack

Full name was Cornelius McGillicuddy and he was the manager and part-owner of the Philadelphia Athletics. He was Ban Johnson's idea of the perfect manager for the Amercian League -- He was sober, well dressed, and never argued with the umpires. His teams would embody the first dynasty of the American League

1972 Olympic Games

Games held in Munich that were marred by terrorist hostage-taking of Israeli athletes. All the athletes were killed but the games were allowed to go on.

Branch Rickey

General Manager of the St. Louis Cardinals who can be credited with the birth of the farm system when he began purchasing minor league clubs. By the 1930s the Cardinals' system included 32 clubs and 700 players

Ty Cobb

Georgia native who played for the Detroit Tigers for 24 seasons and established the highest batting average of all time (.367). Although not well liked due to his abrasive personality, his abilities were always well-respected and he is often referred to as the greatest player ever.

What did the IOC do

Governed the games

Ben Hogan

Great rival of Snead's who was very different from him -- much smaller and more serious. He was almost killed in a car accident in 1949 but came back to win the US Open in 1950 and winning six of his nine major championships after the accident.

Which small NFL franchise survived the Great Depression?

Green Bay Packers

John T. McGraw

Hard-nosed former player for the Baltimore Orioles who took over as manager for the New York Giants in 1902 where he remained for 30 years

What Pittsburg Pirates player was considered the first star player of the 20th century?

Honus Wagner

1961 Sports Broadcasting Act

Included in Roselle's "think league" ideology was the ability for the league to negotiate its own broadcasting rights. He was instrumental in advocating that this act be passed by congress to give the NFL and other sports leagues that power

ICAA

Intercollegiate Athletic Association Formed by 62 schools in 1905 not including West Coast schools and the "Big Three." Its primary duty was to establish rules for play by its member schools.

What was the University of Notre Dame known for by the early 20th century?

Its academics and baseball team.

Rod Laver

Jack Kramer convinced Australian Rod Laver to go pro in 1962 and when many of the other great players did likewise it forced the grand slam tournaments to open up. Laver would win 200 titles including 11 grand slam victories and was ranked number one for seven consecutive seasons (1964-1970)

Who set the major league 56 game hitting streak in 1941?

Joe DiMaggio

Alvin Ray "Pete" Rozelle

NFL commissioner who served for nearly 30 years and led the league into its "Golden Age" by encouraging owners to "think league" first

NCAA

National Collegiate Athletic Association Combination of the ICAA and the old rules committee into the NCAA in 1911. The combination of its founding and the new rule changes brought college football in the modern age in 1912

Which team drafted Joe Namath?

New York Jets

Knute Rockne

Norwegian immigrant who played and then coached for the Notre Dame football team. It was his innovations as both a player and coach that put Notre Dame football on the map by the second decade of the 20th century

Which state could most be considered the birthplace of professional football?

Ohio

New York Yankees

Originally called the "Highlanders" the team name was officially changed to the "Yankees" in 1913. The original Yankee dynasty of the 1920s can be credited to the team being purchased by Jacob Rupert and Tillinghast Huston in 1915 and Red Sox owner Harry Frazee selling off most of his team to the Yankees

Johannes Peter (Honus) Wagner

Pittsburg Pirates shortstop who is considered the first star player of the 20th century. He was a great hitter but also an excellent fielder and could play any position.

American Professional Football Association (APFA)

Professional league that began in Canton, Ohio, which would eventually change its name to the National Football League (NFL)

Walter Charles Hagen

Professional who was known for his style -- he would help open up the clubhouses to the professional players. he was also quite skilled as he was the first American to win the British Open Championship in 1922 and win it three more times in the decade. He also won two US Open titles.

John Albert "Jack" Kramer

Protege of Tilden who looked up to him and wanted to play like him. He emerged as a great champion in the immediate post-war years but was forced to retire because of an arthritic back in 1954. After that he made his mission opening up the major championships to both professionals and amateurs

Who was considered the Galloping Ghost?

Red Grange

Carnegie Report

Report in the late 1920s that said colleges were putting too much emphasis on money and winning in college football than on academics

American Football League (AFL)

Rival professional football league to the NFL founded by Bud Adams and Lamar Hunt in 1960 after their attempt to add expansion teams (Houston Oilers and Dallas Texans, respectively) to the NFL were rebuffed

Cold War

Rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union following Wold War II which permeated every part of society -- even athletics

Royal and Ancient Golf

St. Andrews Golf Club was named "Royal and Ancient" by King William IV in 1834. It came to be the governing body of golf throughout the 19th century

The 1922 Supreme Court Decision concerning Major League Baseball was the culmination of a lawsuit initiated by who?

The Federal League

Merger

The NFL and the AFL announced in 1966 that the two leagues would merge and there would be a common draft, a common commissioner (Pete Roselle), and a championship game between the two leagues at the end of the season (Super Bowl)

Apartheid

The South African policy of racial segregation that would cause their olympic teams to be banned from competition beginning in the 1960s

Western Conference (Big 10)

The first conference in the college football history made up of seven Midwestern schools. When three more schools joined by 1912 it officially changed its name to the Big 10

World Series

The name of the championship series held at the end of the season between the pennant winners of the American and National Leagues. The first of these series occurred in 1903.

First Modern Olympics

The revived games were first held in Athens, Greece in 1896 as a tribute to the ancient Greeks who had originally held the games.

Inside Game

The type of baseball employed by managers during the dead-ball era. The strategy was predicated on the fact very few runs were going to be scored so every run was important. Managers would do whatever it took to score those runs (bunting, stealing, hit and runs). The manager who seemed to most embody this game was John McGraw

Vince Lombardi

Took over as the Green Bay Packers head coach in 1959 and led the team to five NFL titles in the 1960s and victories in the first two Super Bowls (1967 and 1968)

Joe DiMaggio

Took over as the star player for the Yankee dynasty after Ruth retired. The center-fielder set the major league record 56 game hitting streak in 1941

Jesse Owens

Track and field athlete who was the star of the Berlin Olympics in 1936 winning four gold medals and setting both olympic and world records much to the dismay of Hitler

True or False: Al Davis was the first to try and move his team (The Oakland Raiders) against the wishes of the league?

True

True or False: Bobby Jones won the "Grand Slam" (four major tournaments) in 1930 and retired at the age of 28?

True

True or False: Initially, Major League Baseball owners decided to share 50 percent of their home gate receipts?

True

True or False: Pete Roselle testified in favor of the Sports Broadcasting Act of 1961?

True

True or False: Rod Laver turned pro in the 1960s and encouraged others to follow his lead?

True

True or False: The 1922 Supreme Court decision exempting Major League Baseball from anti-trust laws applied ONLY to baseball?

True

True or False: The Merkle "Boner" eventually allowed the Chicago Cubs to win the NL pennant and the World Series?

True

True or False: The best team to come over from the AAFC to the NFL after WWII was the Cleveland Browns?

True

USNLTA

United States National Lawn Tennis Association Established in 1881 and began hosting the United States Championships at James Gordon Bennett's Casino Club in Newport, RI for 34 years until the tournament was moved to Forest Hills, NY in 1915

Who would eventually be known as the Father of American Football?

Walter Camp

What current team was NOT part of the NFL when it was founded in the 1920s?

Washington Redskins

What team was not considered a dynasty during the first half of the 20th century

Washington Senators

What minor league team eventually became the American League?

Western League

Babe Didrikson

Winner of three medals in track and field at the 1932 Los Angeles Olympics.

New Middle Class

With victorianism being officially dead by the 1920s a new middle class emerged that searched for more excitement and were much more tolerant and even embracing of sports

"Tiger" Woods

Would become world number one in 1999 and hold that position for most of the next decade. He won his first major (The Masters) in 1997 becoming the youngest to win that tournament at 21. He would win 13 more majors by 2008 trailing only his idol Jack Nicklaus by four. Arguably his best year was 2000, winning three majors in a row starting with the US Open. When he won the 2001 Masters he held all four majors at once and although it was not officially the Grand Slam it became known as the Tiger Slam. Tiger's fall from grace began in 2009 when it was discovered he had had multiple extramarital affairs. He lost most of his sponsorships, fell as low as 58th in the world rankings and has not won a major tournament since.

What was a way in which amateur golfers were not distinguished from professionals?

amateurs were not allowed in the clubhouses