History Unit 3: The Rise of Totalitarianism/ World War II

What were the Ideals pre and post WWI?

- Pre WWI Ideals= Peace, prosperity and progress - Post WWI=peoples were in social, economic, and psychological upheaval

What were the relationships between WWI and WWII?

- The treaty of versailles - Japanese Expansion - Facism - the Great Depression - Hitler/Nazi party - Appeasement

From what two concepts did the Nazi Party arise from?

- extreme nationalism - racism

What issues did Japans rise lead too?

- overpopulation / scarce natural resourses - reality catalyzed japan to establish a coonial empire in asia, seeking control of markets - rapid developement created an imbalance deconomy

What type of state did Japan want to build?

- powerful -nationalistic - modern - resisting force to western imperialism

Freudian Psychology

-Id: primitive/irrational unconscious -Ego: rationalizing conscious that mediates what a person can do -Superego: Ingrained moral values that specify what a person should do

Pipes handout describes Stalin's Great purges, Who were Stalin's targets? What was society culture like at this time?

-Stalin faces unrest with peasants -Ukranians were specifically suppressed because Stalin wanted to destroy their nationalism, a famine was induced that was called Holodomor -Methodology sought to eradicate class amongst the peasants

What happens when interwar leads to depression hitting in the US and the World?

-Stock market crashes in 1929 -70% of American wealth was held by 1% -Financial panics led to the market crashing -Governments all over the world started to reduce spending and cut budgets

What were Nuremberg Laws

1935 laws defining the status of Jews and withdrawing citizenship from persons of non-German blood.

What was the Holodomor?

A famine occurred during 1932-1933 in Ukraine; death by starvation (3.5 million ukranians died)

How did Joseph Stalin gain power in the Soviet Union? What were some initial goals?

After Lenin's death, a struggle for power in the party broke out in the open. Stalin, through his office as General Secretary, took advantage of his knowledge of the existing antagonisms among the Bolshevik Party's leaders. -The plan, overall, was to transition the Soviet Union from a weak, poorly controlled, agriculture state, into an industrial powerhouse. Using the NEP

How did Hitler and the Nazi party come to power?

After being realeased from prison, the Nazi party gains support of middle/ lower class groups 1932 Nazi party gets most votes of the Reichtag (german parliment); hitler gains support of big bignesses and polititians; the president of germany (von Hindenburg) legally appoints hitler as German chancellor; Enabling act is passed and gives him unrestricted power

What was Kristallnacht?

Also known as the night of broken glass, was a program against jews carried out by Nazis sttrumbtelung paramilitary forces along with civilians throughout Nazi Germany

What was the Reichstag Fire?

An arson attack on the Reichstag building in Berlin on 27 February 1933. The attack was a false flag created by the Nazi party.

Why did Japan prior to WWI have colonies in Korea, Manchuria and Taiwan?

As a form of defense agianst russian attack and Anglo american imperialism

What did Japan want for Asia?

Asia for asians/ protect the brethren in china and india

Who were the kulaks in Stalin's Soviet Union?

Better-off peasants who were stripped of land and livestock and usually not allowed to join collective farms

Who was Mao Zedong?

Communist leader of China from 1949-1976. . He was a brutal leader, insuring his power by executing anyone who disagreed with him.

What is existentialism?

Contradictory philosophies that stress the meaninglessness of existence and search for moral values in a world of terror and uncertainty; Wittgenstein and austrian philosopher rejects god's existence and the meaning of happiness as nonsense

Who was Joseph Stalin?

Dictator of the Soviet Union; came to power after Lenin died, leaving no successor; it was between him and Trotsky; by 1927 he was leader of USSR and launches 5-year plan

What was the appeasement policy?

Europe was weary and did not want another war. When countries became aggressive and took over their neighbors and built up their armies,Britain and France hoped to keep peace through "appeasement." This meant that they tried to make Germany and Hitler happy rather than try to stop him. They hoped to satisfy demands but this backfired

What was the first facist government?

First facist government was in Italy under Mussolini; Hitler would soon follow

What country did France seek revenge on? And how much did they ask for?

France and the Uk sought revenge on germany; France asked for $33 billion--> $270 billion today

What is Mein Kampf?

Hitler's book written while he was in prison -Ideas of racial purification and territorial expansion

What was the Gestapo?

Hitler's secret police

What was the Enabling Act?

It allowed Hitler to establish a totalitarian state by giving the government the power to ignore the constitution for 4 years

How did WWI impact Hitler and Germany?

It set his regime in motion; after the war it was no longer a strong confident country, so hitler came to power on the brink of ruin

Who seized Germany's possessions in Asia during WWI?

Japan

How does Japan establish itself in Manchuria?

Japan uses the internal war going on in China to their advantage, attacking the state during a time of weakness; seeking to take advantage of internal chinese rifts

What was the great depression?

Longest economic recession in modern history; This created unstable governments and worldwide turmoil that helped lead to World War II.

Who were the Black Shirts?

Mussolini's private army; turned to physical violence

Who was Adolf Hitler?

Nazi leader in Germany responsible for the Holocaust - totalitarian son of Austrain customs official - hatred towards slavs

Was soviet society truly classless?

No because communist felt that peasants owning land was a threat so they worked to get it under control via collectivization

How was an emperor viewed in Japan?

Seen to have godlike traits; this further championed the samurai warrior code of honor, responsibility and obedience

What was the Five Year Plan?

Stalin's economic plan for the Soviet Union; put in place by stalin to incorporate economic objectives and goal was to further increase both industrial/agriculture outputs

What was collectivization?

Stalin's plan to create large, state-controlled farms to increase agricultural production; it was a forcible consolidation in 1929 of individual peasant farms

what was the great terror?

Stalin's purge of perceived enemies that resulted in the execution of about 700,000 people

Who was Benito Mussolini?

The first fascist leader of Italy - personification of a greater italy impressive success his rise had roots in WWI - build, build, build

Who was Victor Emmanuel II?

The monarch had to choose between Facist and socialists

What was the Age of Anxiety?

The period of time after war where people feared the future, out of uncertainty

What were the beliefs of Japanese ultranationalists? What did they reject?

They rejected: - Democracy - big businesses - Marxist socialism

What did the nazi party attack?

Using propaganda and showmanship to gather audiences they attacked the T of V, jewish people, germanys weimar republic government and war profiteers

What is Zaibatsu?

a large Japanese business conglomerate.

What was the New Economic Policy (NEP)?

allowed peasants to own their own land and sell their crops, merchants to trade, and private workshops to produce goods and sell them on the free market

What is facism?

extreme nationalism and militarism in pursuit of the strength of the state

What is facism?

extreme nationalism and militarism in pursuit of the strength of the state; Unity with discipline; controlled by dictators

What was the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact?

russia and germany agreed not to attack each other and split poland for 10 years

Who was Neville Chamberlain?

the British Prime Minister at the start of WW2