History/Systems of Psych, Exam 2 AB

(Q9.10) Boring (1953) referred to which of the following as "a declaration of independence for American functional psychology"?

"The Reflex Arc Concept in Psychology" Answer Feedback: Dewey (1896)

Jones and Watson

(1924). A laboratory study of fear: The case of Peter.

Functionalism (William James)

A school of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish.

Boulder Model

Alternate name for the scientist-practitioner model of graduate training stemming from the historic 1949 conference of directors of training in Boulder, Colorado

Mary Whiton Calkins (1863-1930)

American psychologist who conducted research on memory, personality and dreams. Became first woman president of American Psychological Association 1905. Developed theory of self-psychology and a technique for studying verbal learning. Student of William James Completed her doctoral studies but Harvard refused to award her a Ph.D. because, at the time, they did not grant doctoral degrees to women

Wolfgang Kohler (1887-1967)

Believed that behaviorists underestimated animals' cognitive processes and abilities. Suspended bananas just outside the reach of a caged chimpanzee named Sultan. Unlike Skinner's rats and pigeons, Sultan did not solve the problem through trial-and-error. Instead, he studied the situation and, in a flash of insight, used a stick to knock down the fruit. Kohler called this sudden understanding of a problem insight.

(Q11.5) Initially, Little Albert was not afraid of the rat when it was presented by Watson and Rayner (1920). After the researchers repeatedly paired the rat with an aversive loud noise, Albert eventually exhibited fear in the presence of the rat, even without the noise. In this study, the rat served as the...

Conditioned stimulus

Anna Freud (1895-1982)

Developed field of child psychoanalysis. Influenced other thinkers, including Erik Erikson. Introduction of Defense Mechanisms. Expanded interest in field of Child Psychology.

(V11.2) Freud was an only child and his father told him frequently how "special" he was.

False. Response Feedback: He was one of nine children (for his father) and it was his mother who continually praised Sigmund and mentioned how "special" he was.

(V12.6) Experiencing fear upon hearing "surprise quiz" is an innate response (UR)

False. Response Feedback: It is a LEARNED response; we are NOT born fearing the words "surprise quiz".

(V11.9) The personality measure used in most graduate programs is the MBTI.

False. Response Feedback: It is still the MMPI.

(V15.4) Maslow was mentored by B. F. Skinner.

False. Response Feedback: It was Harry Harlow.

(V9.8) Tichener's first graduate student was Mary Whiton Calkins who received her PhD in 1894.

False. Response Feedback: It was Margaret Floy Washburn.

(V10.11) Margaret Floy Washburn, who studied with Titchener, was the first woman to serve as an APA President.

False. Response Feedback: It was Mary Whiton Calkins in 1905.

(V13.3) Mary Cover Jones (1924) conducted a study with a little boy named Peter. Her work was supervised by Thorndike.

False. Response Feedback: It was Watson.

(V15.2) Kohler had an experience on a train that led to increased interest in perception vs sensation and the Gestalt influence on interpretation.

False. Response Feedback: It was Wertheimer.

(V10.9) Mary Whiton Calkins worked four years to obtain her Master's degree.

False. Response Feedback: It was awarded with no further classes due to her advanced knowledge of Greek.

(V9.3) Most historians believe the founder of experimental psychology was Fechner.

False. Response Feedback: Most historians still believe Wundt should be considered the founder of experimental psychology.

(V13.5) Thorndike's most famous work involved dogs

False. Response Feedback: Nope... it was cats, and Buddy and Dory hate hearing the story!

(V12.7) Skinner believed that attitudes are innate and each of us has attitudes about a variety of topics from the time we are born.

False. Response Feedback: Oh my! I can hear Skinner objecting to this idea now!

David Shakow (1901-1981)

He was an American psychologist. He is perhaps best known for his development of the Scientist-Practitioner Model (or Boulder Model) of graduate training for clinical psychologists, adopted by the American Psychological Association in 1949.[1]

Carl Rogers (1902-1987)

Humanistic psychologist who developed client-centered therapy and stressed the importance of acceptance, genuineness, and empathy in fostering human growth

Munsterberg

IO psych- match employees with jobs; supportive conditions

Jessica H. Daniel

In November 2016, she was elected 2018 president of the American Psychological Association. She is serving as APA's president-elect in 2017. She is the first African American woman elected to lead the Association.

Alfred Adler (1870-1937)

Neo-Freudian who thought social tensions were more important than sexual tensions in the development of personality. Inferiority Complex: fixation on feelings of personal inferiority that can lead to emotional and social paralysis. Compensation: our efforts to overcome real or perceived weaknesses. Birth Order.

(Q10.1) Of the following, which was not written by Sigmund Freud?

The Varieties of Religious Experience (1902) Answer Feedback: This is James.

(Q10.10) We will discuss Elizabeth Loftus (currently Distinguished Professor of Psychology and Social Behavior, Professor of Law, University of California-Irvine) and her contributions to the field of psychology. She is included in this section due to her questioning of...

Repressed memories.

Clinical Psychology

The branch of psychology concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems and disorders.

(Q10.4) Which of the following is not one of the criticisms levied against the work of Sigmund Freud?

The use of psychoanalysis to better understand abnormalities in human behavior.

Psychology and the law

The use of psychology to examine the operation of the legal system

(V12.11) obinson et al. (2007) conducted a study with pre-schoolers to assess the impact of McDonald's wrapper/containers compared to plain (control) wrappers/containers on children's ratings of food and beverage items.

True.

(V15.10) One of the most well-known names in clinical psychology is Aaron Beck.

True. Response Feedback: His treatment ideas for depression and anxiety are still highly valued today.

Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)

founder of psychoanalysis, a controversial theory about the workings of the unconscious mind

Kurt Lewin's Field Theory

heavily influenced by Gestalt psychology. Personality is dynamic and constantly changing. A personality can be divided up dynammically into ever changing regions called systems. Under optimal conditions, the regions within the personality are well articulated and function in an integrated fashion. When the person is under tension or anxiety, articulation between various regions is diffused.

Humanistic Psychology

historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the individual's potential for personal growth

Abraham Maslow

humanistic psychology; hierarchy of needs-needs at a lower level dominate an individual's motivation as long as they are unsatisfied; self-actualization, transcendence

Gilbreth

husband/wife team (Cheaper by the Dozen) - improve efficiency; Lillian eventually focused more on human side

Reinforcer

in operant conditioning, any event that strengthens the behavior it follows

American Psychological Association

scientific and professional society of psychologists and educators; world's largest association of psychologists; founded in 1892; made up of 53 divisions, each representing a specific area

Kenneth B. Clark (1914-2005)

studied the developmental effects of prejudice, discrimination, and segregation on children. his research was cited by the U.S. Supreme Court in its decision for the landmark Brown v. Board of Education case that ended school segregation.

Operant Conditioning Theory

the theory that people learn to perform behaviors that lead to desired consequences and learn not to perform behaviors that lead to undesired consequences

The Brelands

used operant conditioning techniques to train thousands of animals; believed that the experiments and instinctual drift makes it so that not all aspects of learning are under control of the experimenter

(V9.11) The Structuralists were most interested in the evolutionary function of mind and behavior.

False. Response Feedback: No... that was the Functionalists. The Structuralists examined basic elemental components of mind.

(V13.6) Many thousands of orders were placed for the air crib after the publication of the article in Ladies Home Journal.

False. Response Feedback: No... the American people were appalled at the very idea of a child being kept "in a box".

(V13.8) For centuries, everyone has agreed that attachment is innate in humans.

False. Response Feedback: Skinner never believed this... and it was true for most of the behaviorists during the 20th century.

(V10.6) James published Principles of Psychology is 1890 and then published a revised shorter version of the text five years later.

False. Response Feedback: The Briefer Course was published in 1892.

(V15.8) Due to the ethical concerns for the Stanford Prison Study, Zimbardo was barred from psychology--which remains true to this day.

False. Response Feedback: The study is more controversial now (i.e., viewed as infamous) but Zimbardo remains a respected member of the psychological community.

(V11.6) Freud gave a total of 10 lectures at Clark University, with some delivered in German and some delivered in English.

False. Response Feedback: There were a total of FIVE lectures, all delivered in German.

(V12.4) There are FOUR components important to the acquisition of behaviors through Classical Conditioning.

False. Response Feedback: US; UR; NS; CS; CR--that original neutral stimulus must be included.

Viktor Frankl (1905-1997)

Father of Logotherapy (existential form of treatment which stresses 'healing through meaning') after experiencing the holocaust to help patients find meaning/purpose in life without medical help.

Martha Bernal

First Latina to receive a doctorate in Psychology, she contributed significantly to the study of ethnic issues.

Erich Fromm (1900-1980)

Focused on the orientations that people adopt in their interactions with others. He believed that these basic orientations to the social environment were the bases of much psychopathology.

(Q9.7) In his book Interpretation of Dreams, Freud (1900) acknowledged which of the following researchers for previous work on dreams?

Mary Whiton Calkins

(V12.2) There are two types of behaviors: innate and learned.

True. Response Feedback: Innate: those with which we are born. Learned: those acquired through interactions with the environment.

(V15.3) According to some historians, Lewin is the "greatest" of the Gestaltists.

True. Response Feedback: Ludy Benjamin certainly thought this.

(Q9.2) William James had his very influential book The Principles of Psychology (which is still frequently cited to this day) published how many years before Titchener accepted the position at Cornell University?

Two Answer Feedback: The book was published in 1890, a date you will see again on the exam!

(Q10.7) Which of the following is not accurate?

Unlike Jung, Adler remained loyal to the theories of Freud. Answer Feedback: Adler broke with Freud's thinking, as well. And according to Peter Gay, one of Freu'ds more recent biographers, Freud did not tolerate dissent.

Behaviorist Manifesto (1913)

Watson's 1913 paper that argued for a behaviorist approach to psychology. Psych should be about behavior, not the mind

(V15.7) Asch completely agreed with the findings of Sherif in his studies on conformity.

False. Response Feedback: But it turns out that Asch's findings supported the conclusions drawn by Sherif.

(V9.5) Dan Wegner and his colleagues (1987) studied thought suppression and the impact on mental processes by telling them to NOT think about their favorite beverage.

False. Response Feedback: Do not think about white bears.

(V11.8) Jung and Freud agreed about how unconscious processes work for humans.

False. Response Feedback: Freud believed in a personal unconscious; Jung believed in the collective unconscious.

(V11.11) Adler remained loyal to Freud right up until his death in 1937,

False. Response Feedback: Freud never forgave him (or Jung) for ending the relationship.

(V10.4) William James is categorized as a functionalists and a behaviorist.

False. Response Feedback: Functionalist and a Pragmatist

(V9.7) Titchener was a charter member of the APA and always attended APA meetings.

False. Response Feedback: He never attended the APA meetings--and established his own group: The Experimentalists.

(V12.8) Watson began his career at Johns Hopkins and taught there until his retirement.

False. Response Feedback: He was forced to leave due to the scandal created by his affair with his grad student and subsequent divorce.

(V13.9) Harlow conducted studies with monkeys in the wild.

False. Response Feedback: In his lab he placed the monkeys in new settings with surrogate mothers.

(V15.5) Maslow and Rogers saw self-actualizing in the very same way.

False. Response Feedback: Maslow's perspective of self-actualization was somewhat different from the view of actualizing-tendency held by Rogers.

(V10.10) Harvard recently decided that Calkins should (finally) be awarded the PhD.

False. Response Feedback: No. They still claim she cannot be given the PhD as she was never enrolled as a student at Harvard.

(V12.3) Pavlov won the Nobel Prize for his discovery of Classical Conditioning.

False. Response Feedback: No... it was for his work on the digestive system of dogs relative to evolutionary theory and survival of the species.

(V10.2) Most historians believe Wundt established the school of structuralism.

False. Response Feedback: No... it's his student Titchener.

(V10.8) Woodworth categorized himself as an "experimental psychologist".

True.

(V11.10) The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is based on the work of Jung.

True.

(V11.4) Freud prescribed cocaine for a patient (also a friend) asaddicted to morphine.

True.

Emil Kraepelin (1856-1926)

-Pioneered classification of mental illness based on biological causes -Published 1st psychiatry text (1883) --Mental illness as syndrome -Cluster of symptoms that co-occur -Proposed two major syndromes --Dementia praecox --Manic-depressive psychosis

Edwin Ray Guthrie (1886-1959)

Accepted the law of contiguity but not the law of frequency. For him, learning occurs at full strength after just one association between a pattern of stimuli and a response.

(Q12.4) According to Maslow, self-actualization is possible when a person...

Accomplishes the potentials with which one is endowed

Kurt Lewin (1890-1947)

Argued that the best way to predict a person's behavior was not to understand the stimuli to which they were responding, but to understand their subjective interpretation or construal of those stimuli. To Lewin, the person's inner experience was paramount. Inspired by Gestalt Psychology.

Robert S. Woodworth

Because of his interest in motivation, he called his theory "dynamic psychology." He designated his theory as S-O-R psychology (rather than S-R psychology) to emphasize the importance of the organism.

B. F. Skinner (1904-1990)

Behaviorist. Pioneer in Operant Conditioning. Behavior is based on an organism's reinforcement history. 'Skinner Box'. Also, worked with pigeons.

(Q8.9) Who used the term "intentionality" (which was distinguished from the current use of introspection) as a means of studying mental processes?

Brentano

(Q12.9) Of the following pairs, which set is problematic?

Bruner: PhD at MIT Answer Feedback: It was from Harvard, where he studied with Gordon Allport; Allport published The Nature of Prejudice in 1954

Watson and Rayner (1920)

Classically conditioned 11 month old little Albert by hitting a metal rod behind head to make loud noise when seeing the white rat. Gave him the phobia of white and fluffy things. We know that he had no fear before as he played with rat happily prior to research. Many ethical issues related.

DSM (1952)

Classification system; describes the features used to diagnose each recognized mental disorder; indicates how the disorder can be distinguished from other, similar problems.

(Q8.10) Which of the following is not an accurate statement?

Clever Hans was a little boy who was studied in much the same way as was Little Albert.

Kurt Koffka (1886-1941)

Co-founder of Gestalt psychology

(V11.5) The Interpretation of Dreams was dated 1900 as the publication date, although it actually came out in 1899.

True.

(Q12.5) Which of the following is not associated with Maslow?

Escape From Freedom (1941) Answer Feedback: This was Fromm's work.

(V13.11) Most historians date the Cognitive Revolution as being established in 1958, with the publication of Harlow's study with monkeys.

False. Response Feedback: 1956... at the MIT conference.

(V11.3) According to Freud's biographers (Jones; Gay; Sulloway), Freud was long addicted to cocaine due to using himself as a subject in his own studies with cocaine.

False. Response Feedback: All of his biographers deny he had an addiction to cocaine.

Clark Leonard Hull (1884-1952)

Formulated a complex hypothetico-deductive theory in an attempt to explain all learning phenomena. Father of Drive Reduction Theory

Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920)

German physiologist who founded psychology as a formal science. 'Father of Psychology'. Created approach of structuralism. Wanted to know structure of mind. Introspection. Opened first psychology research laboratory in 1879.

(Q11.6) Which of the following is not true about Guthrie?

He agreed completely with Thorndike about reinforcement and conducted studies with cats to prove Thorndike was right.

(Q11.8) Tolman is associated with all but which of the following concepts?

He believed that learning and performance are synonymous. Answer Feedback: He demonstrated that they are separate processes.

(Q8.5) Titchener primarily used which of the following methods to study the mind?

Introspection

(Q10.6) The MBTI is based on the ideas of...

Jung

(Q11.7) Which of the following was not part of Hull's reinforcement theory of behavior?

Law of effect Answer Feedback: This is Thorndike's work

(Q12.7) The existentialists believe that good mental health involves living an authentic life, accepting responsibility for one's actions, and seeking meaningfulness as one is on the path of "becoming" through personal growth. Viktor Frankl is one of the existentialists. All of the following is associated with Viktor Frankl except...

Man's Search for Himself (1953). Answer Feedback: This is May's work.

(Q12.1) Of the following, who is not associated with Gestalt psychology?

Martin Heidegger Answer Feedback: Heidegger was an important existentialist

Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936)

Performed pioneering conditioning experiments on dogs. These experiments led to the development of the classical conditioning model of learning. Won Nobel prize, but not for psych

William James (1842-1910)

Published THE PRINCIPLES OF PSYCHOLOGY (1890), the science's first textbook Established the Theory of Functionalism: How mental processes function in our lives

(Q11.3) John Watson is associated with all but which of the following?

Selected Answer: A 3-year-old child named Peter Correct Answer: Operant conditioning

(Q12.10) Which of the following is not associated with the "cognitive revolution" in psychology?

Selected Answer: Albert Bandura Correct Answer: George Miller's Cognitive Psychology published in 1967

(V11.7) Jung and Jones attended Freud's lectures in 1909 during his trip to America.

Selected Answer: False Correct Answer: True

(Q9.3) William James is associated with all but which of the following?

Selected Answer: Habits are formed as an activity is repeated. Correct Answer: The American Journal of Psychology

(Q12.8) All but which of the following is true about Rollo May?

Selected Answer: He is categorized as an existentialist. Correct Answer: His ideas about myths sound much like those proposed by Adler who discussed archetypal patterns.

(Q11.9) Skinner received all but which of the following?

Selected Answer: Humanist of the Year (1972) Correct Answer: The Nobel Prize (in 1960) for his work on operant conditioning with pigeons

Titchener and women

Started a group at Cornell University called "the Experimentalists," which included only male colleagues and excluded women on premise of smoking. Hugely influential, but kept influence centralized to men

Margaret Floy Washburn

Student of Titchener. First female to be awarded a PhD in psychology; 2nd president of the APA (1921)

(Q10.5) Carl Jung is associated with all but which of the following?

Sublimation Answer Feedback: This is one of Freud's ego defense mechanisms.

Francis Cecil Sumner (1895-1954)

The "father" of African American psychology First African American to earn a PhD in psychology Chaired psych department at Howard University

(Q12.6) Which of the following is not associated with Carl Rogers?

The Nature of Prejudice (1954) Answer Feedback: This is Allport's work.

(Q11.1) Pavlov received which of the following?

The Nobel Prize for his work on digestion

Franz Brentano

The founder of act psychology (an emphasis on mental acts and intentionality) which was an early alternative to Wundt's voluntarism. Ex: I intend that chair... Language: what do you intend to do? Philosophy: you pay attention or notice the chair (prior to sitting, e.g.)

(Q9.1) Which of the following is not one of the characteristics of functional psychology?

The functionalists wanted psychology to be a pure science Answer Feedback: FYI: William James would address some of these issues through his use of pragmatism.

(V12.10) Marketers often rely on evaluative conditioning (associating a product or logo with basic needs and/or positive emotions) in order to get consumers to remember and buy specific products.

True.

Melba Vasquez

This American psychologist served as the 2011 president of the American Psychological Association (APA). She was the APA's first Latina president. She has authored multiple works on ethics in psychotherapy.

Edward Chace Tolman

This psychologist had a problem. He embraced mentalistic concepts in explaining the behavior of rats while at the same time wishing to remain a behaviorist. His solution was to painstakingly tie all of his mentalistic intervening variables to observable behavior using operational definitions. His studies of rats in mazes led to advances in learning theory, the idea of purposive (goal-oriented) behavior, and the idea of cognitive maps.

(Q8.8) We will discuss the impact of the Gestaltists and the Behaviorists on the decline of structuralism, along with the fact that Titchener's death left no one to carry on his legacy. However, several other factors affected this fact, as well. Which of the following is not provided as support for the demise of Titchener's systematic vision of psychology?

Titchener's overuse of animals in studies that examined structural elements of mind

(Q12.2) The Gestalt psychologists contributed to our knowledge about all but which of the following concepts?

Token economies Answer Feedback: This comes from the behaviorists and is specifically based on Skinner's learning theory.

(V15.9) James Pennebaker examines the impact of disclosure on perception of past traumatic events.

True

(V9.10) Melba Vasquez was the first Latina and first woman of color to serve as an APA President.

True

(V9.2) Thorndike (1911) was one of the first professionals in the field of psychology to criticize anecdotal accounts and introspection as methods to study behavior and mental processes.

True

(V10.5) The functionalists were influenced by the work of Darwin.

True.

(Q8.6) Cornell University had a vigorous doctoral program headed by Titchener. His first graduate student was...

Washburn

Punisher

a stimulus that decreases the probability of a prior response

Classical conditioning

a type of learning in which an organism comes to associate stimuli. A neutral stimulus that signals an unconditioned stimulus (US) begins to produce a response that anticipates and prepares for the unconditioned stimulus.

Gestalt

an organized whole. These psychologists emphasized our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes.

I/O Psychology

an area of scientific study and professional practice that addresses psychological concepts and principles in the work world

Structuralism (Wundt)

an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind

John Watson

behaviorism; emphasis on external behaviors of people and their reactions on a given situation; famous for Little Albert study in which baby was taught to fear a white rat

(Q9.4) William James wrote all of the following except which one?

"The Dilemma of Free Will" (1884) Answer Feedback: It was "The Dilemma of Determinism".

Mary Cover Jones (1896-1987)

"mother of behavior therapy"; used classical conditioning to help "Peter" overcome fear of rabbits Field: learning; Contributions: systematic desensitization, maintained that fear could be unlearned

Max Wertheimer (1880-1943)

- Gestalt Psychologist - Argued against dividing human thought and behavior into discrete structures - Gestalt psychology tried to examine a person's total experience because the way we experience the world is more than just an accumulation of various perceptual experiences - Gestalt theorists demonstrated that the whole experience is often more than just the sum of the parts of the experience

Beyond Freedom and Dignity (1971)

-A book written by B.F. Skinner that said environmental factors determine behavior

James McKeen Cattell (1860-1944)

-Influenced U.S psychology towards a practical, test-oriented approach; met and influenced by Galton. -1st psychologist to teach statistics in courses and stressed the statistical analysis of results (Francis Galton's Influence) -Wanted society to give incentives to brightest and healthiest people to marry their own kind -Coined mental tests highly influenced by Galton (was his student) -Idea that mental intelligence could be measured in terms of sensory capacities -He became interested in psychology as a result of his experiences with drugs (He tried a variety of substances such as hashish, morphine, opium, caffeine, tobacco, and chocolate and found the results to be of both personal and professional interest. He recorded in a journal the effects of the drugs on his cognitive functioning) -Cattell promoted a practical, test oriented approach to the study of mental processes. His psychology was concerned with human abilities rather than the content of consciousness, and to this respect he comes close to being a functionalist. Cattell chose to conduct experiments on reaction time. Cattell and Francis Galton shared an interest in individual differences and Galton provided him with a scientific goal- the measurement of the psychological differences between people. -Under Galton's influence, Cattell became one of the first American psychologists to stress quantification, ranking, and ratings. He was also interested in Galton's work in eugenics. Cattell introduced the term mental tests in an article published in 1890. The kinds of tests he used differed from the intelligence or cognitive ability tests later developed, which measure more complex tasks. His tests, like Galton's, dealt primarily with elementary sensorimotor measurements, including dynamometer pressure,mate of movement, two point skin sensitivity threshold, just noticeable differences, etc. Cattell's strongest influence on psychology was through his work as an organizer and administrator of psychological science and practice, and as an articulate link between psychology and the greater scientific community. -He was also in favor of eugenics like Galton. He promised his 7 children that he would pay them each $1,000 if they would marry sons or daughters of college professors

Hermann Ebbinghaus

1850-1909; Field: memory; Contributions: 1st to conduct studies on forgetting: first, a rapid loss followed by a gradual declining rate of loss; Studies: memory-series of meaningless syllables/words

(Q8.1) Almost all General Psychology students learn that Wundt established the first psychology laboratory in...

1879.

(Q11.4) According to the text (and as I have repeatedly said and will continue to say), American behaviorism was founded by John Watson in the year...

1913 with his lecture "Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It" which was published in Psychological Review .

John Dewey (1859-1952)

A leader of the pragmatist movement of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, He applied the philosophy to education and social reform, advocating "learning by doing" as well as the application of knowledge to solving real life problems. He became an outspoken promoter of social and political reforms that broadened American democracy.

Gordon Allport (1897-1967)

American psychologist and trait theorist who researched the idea that individual personalities are unique. studied stereotyping, prejudice and racism

(Q10.2) Sigmund Freud is associated with all but which of the following?

Collective unconscious Answer Feedback: Jung-- and this would be one of many things about which the two men would disagree; the disagreements eventually ended a friendship that both men had once valued highly.

(Q9.8) G. Stanley Hall invited Freud to visit the United States in 1909 and give a series of lectures. This visit helped to catapult Freud to international fame. Hall made many other contributions to the field of psychology. Which of the following is not associated with Hall?

He believed that a discussion of religion held no place in the field of psychology.

(Q12.3) In addition to being categorized as an important figure in Gestalt psychology, Kurt Lewin also made valuable contributions to the area of social psychology. Which of the following is not accurate about Lewin?

He believed that psychology had given too little attention to the important points made by Aristotle

(Q9.5) Which of the following is not associated with Hugo Munsterberg?

He dedicated his Basics of Psychology (1900) to his mentor, Wundt. Answer Feedback: It was dedicated to William James.

(Q8.4) Which of the following is not associated with Titchener?

He is famous for his work using "nonsense syllables" Answer Feedback: This was Ebbinghaus

Elizabeth Loftus

Her research on memory construction and the misinformation effect created doubts about the accuracy of eye-witness testimony

(Q8.2) According to the authors of the text, all of the following are associated with Wundt's early years except which one?

His mediocre performance in high school is reflected in his poor performance in medical school.

Karen Horney (1885-1952)

Neo-Freudian who found psychoanalysis negatively biased toward women and believed cultural variables are the foundation of personality development. Prominent psychoanalyst. Known for important contributions: i.e. Neurosis, Feminine Psychology, Self Psychology.

(Q10.9) Which of the following is not associted with Karen Horney?

Persona and shadow Answer Feedback: These are key points of Jung's work; they are also key factors underlying the George Lucas Star Wars trilogies.

Rosie Phillips Davis

Ph.D., Professor, Ohio State University (1977). Interests include multicultural career counseling, ethics, health and health disparities, and university and college administration. She currently serves as President of the American Psychological Association.

(Q9.9) Which of the following is not associated with Kenneth B. Clark?

PhD from Howard University Answer Feedback: It was from Columbia University; his BA and MA were from Howard.

Mamie Phipps Clark

Pioneered work on how children of color grew to recognize racial differences

(Q11.2) My Cats, Miss Autumn and Buddy, were not (at all) happy when I told them that Thorndike

Placed hungry cats in confined puzzle boxes in order to study their behaviors.

(Q10.3) In Freud's theory of personality, the id operates on which of the fofllowing principles?

Pleasure

(Q11.10) Skinner wrote all but which of the following?

Psychological Care of Infant and Child (1928)

Carl Stumpf (1848-1936)

Psychologist who was primarily interested in musical perception and who insisted that psychology study intact, meaningful mental experiences instead of searching for meaningless mental elements.

(Q8.3) Wilhelm Wundt wrote all but which of the following?

Psychology From an Empirical Standpoint (1874) Answer Feedback: This was Brentano.

(Q8.7) All of the following is true of Margaret Floy Washburn except which statement?

Selected Answer: She was a leader in the area of comparative psychology Correct Answer: She was elected as president of the APA in 1905.

(V13.7) Marian Breland was a student who studied under Skinner and he supervised her dissertation.

Selected Answer: True Correct Answer: False

G. Stanley Hall (1844-1924)

Set up first psychological laboratory in North America; focused on development and education. Founded the American Journal of Psychology and the American Psychological Association

Carl Jung (1875-1961)

Shared Freud's emphasis on unconscious processes. Personal Unconscious: part of unconscious mind containing an individual's thoughts & feelings. Collective Unconscious: part of the unconscious inherited & common to all members of a species. Five main Archetypes.

(Q9.6) Mary Whiton Calkins is associated with all but which of the following?

She received her PhD from Harvard.

(Q10.8) Which of the following is not accurate about Anna Freud?

She supported and promoted all of the ideas in Melanie Klein's work.

(V9.6) Titchener was one of Wundt's students before coming to Cornell University and establishing the Structuralist school of psychology.

True

(V10.7) Robert Sessions Woodworth studied with William James at Harvard.

True.

(V12.5) People who have pets likely have witnessed Classical Conditioning as a pet learns the sound of the pop top can of food or the bag of dry found and eventually the pet comes running just to that sound.

True.

(V12.9) Beck and colleagues (2009) believe that "Little Albert" was a child named Douglas Merritte (who died at the age of 6).

True.

(V13.2) Most historians date the founding of behaviorism as 1913 with Watson's publication of his "behaviorist manifesto".

True.

(V13.4) James McKeen Cattell established a psychology lab at Columbia University.

True.

(V15.11) Seligman examined learned helplessness in dogs in the 1960s and later proposed the idea that learned optimism can help to potentially treat or prevent depression.

True.

(V9.9) Mary Wollstonecraft published her "feminist manifesto" in 1792.

True.

(V9.4) Wundt established the first lab that was intended to examine human thought processes using introspection in 1879.

True. Response Feedback: A date still considered important--and one you definitely want to remember for the upcoming exam!

(V10.3) Most (but not all) historians credit William James as the founder of Functionalism.

True. Response Feedback: Although some think it was Dewey.

(V13.10) John Bowlby believed that attachment goes from cradle to grave.

True. Response Feedback: He believed this was true for humans and other mammals.

(V15.6) Floyd Allport is categorized as a social psychologist.

True. Response Feedback: His brother Gordon is more well-known for his contributions to clinical psychology.

Floyd Allport

father of experimental social psychology. individual analysis. "The actions of all are nothing more than the sum of the actions of each taken separately." You can understand a group better by studying the individuals in the group. Group Fallacy.

Titchener and Structuralism

focused on the structure of the mind. objective introspection could be used on thoughts as well as physical sensations. conscious experience can be broken down into basic underlying components

DSM-5 (2013)

the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders.

Experimental psychology

the branch of psychology concerned with the scientific investigation of basic psychological processes such as learning, memory, and cognition in humans and animals.

Cognitive Psychology

the scientific study of all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

Social Psychology

the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

Edward L. Thorndike (1874-1949)

• behaviorists • studied how cats got out of a "puzzle box" • developed law of effect - behavior is controlled by it's consequence