HMD 307 Chapter 1 and 4

Studies show that women make up about __________ of senior executive positions in United States

13.5%

How much more do top performers typically contribute to an organization compared to average performers?

20-50% more

The _________________ theory represented the dominant way of conceptualizing leadership for a long time, but has now been largely discredited

heroic

Robert Hogan, who is recognized around the world for his research on leadership over the last 30 years, probably scores ___________ on the openness to experience dimension of the OCEAN model of personality

high

A leadership development program that uses wilderness survival techniques is probably focusing on

personal growth

Knowing how things get done and how to do them requires _____________ intelligence

practical

The notion that a person being coached must want to change; assessments are important; some behaviors cannot be changed; practice is critical; and there is no substitute for accountability are all

"best practices" for coaches

Likely to be leaders

- ISTJs - ENTJs - ESTJs

What is the A-O-R model?

- action - observation - reflection

How researchers have defined leadership

- complex form of social problem solving - creating conditions for team to be effective - directing and coordinating work of group members

What is included in the definition of personality?

- description of the person - impression of a person makes on others - evaluation of person in the eyes of others

Successful influence attempt

Choosing influence tactic that would improve employee's self-esteem or morale

Policeman giving a ticket is an example of ______________ power

Coercive

True or false: it is not important to be intentional about developing leadership effectiveness?

False

True or false: once an individual has completed a formal education, he or she has the necessary tools for success

False

Rational Tactics

Parties are equal in power

Which would most likely be part of a leadership program for senior executives?

- developing public relation skills - developing and communicating a vision - strategic planning - developing interpersonal skills NOT - conducting performance reviews with subordinates

According to Robert Kelley, what are the basic styles of followership?

- passive - alienated - exemplary

What percentage of the action plan steps in a developmental plan should be job related?

70-80

Which of the following is not included in a definition of personality?

A discussion of person's history

Which leader development technique focuses on learning by doing?

Action learning

Soft Tactics

Agents are at a disadvantage

According to the OCEAN model, which personality trait is more important to manufacturing jobs?

Conscientiousness

Improving team building skills would be part of which element of an individual development plan?

Development goals

The tendency for many leaders to react to failure by blaming external factors reflects poor _____________- loop learning

Double

Which of the following is true regarding the measurement and development of emotional intelligence?

Emotional intelligence can be developed

An agent influences a target by giving and taking favors. This exemplifies influence tactic

Exchange

Which dimension of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator test is concerned with where people get their energy?

Extraversion-introversion

Which leadership development technique can help identify "blind spots" an individual may be unaware of?

Feedback-based approach

Five Steps of Informal Coaching

Forge a partnership: trusting relationship between leader and followers; leaders determine what drives followers and where they want to go with career Inspire commitment: help followers determine which skills and behaviors will have the biggest payoff if developed; review results of performance appraisals, 360-degree feedback, values, personality assessment reports Grow skills: build development plans that capitalize on the on-the-job experiences and create coaching plans to support followers' development Promote persistence: periodically meet with followers to provide feedback, help followers keep development on their radar screens, and provide followers with new tasks or projects to develop needed skills Shape the environment: periodically review how they are role-modeling development and what they are doing to foster development in workplace. Help attract and retain followers to the work group since most people want to be successful

First researcher to formally recognize the importance of leader, follower, and situation in leadership process

Fred Fiedler

Does not help explain shift towards more women leaders

Geography has changed

Which of the following types is least likely to be a leader

INTPs

Which technique is especially useful for assessing and improving a manager's planning and time management techniques?

In-basket exercises

Which type of worker is not likely to be more willing to work extra hours on a time-critical project?

Individual who's motivation is solely monetary

Person's actual behaviors designed to change another person's attitudes, beliefs, values, or behaviors refers to _____________ tactics

Influence

Hard Tactics

Influencer has upper hand

Influence tactics, agent attempts to get a target person in a good mood before making a request, ______________ occurs

Ingratiation

Decision by San Francisco postmaster following 1906 earthquake and fire to allow people to send letters regardless of whether they had stamps or not is an example of which type of response to natural disaster

Leadership initiative

Individual's formal or official authority is called __________ power

Legitimate

According to E. Van Velsor and M.W. Hughes, categorize the aspects women and men managers learn from experience

Men: - coping with ambiguous situations - technical or professional skills - persevering through adversity - shouldering full responsibility - all about the business Women: - recognizing and seizing - knowing what excites you - personal limits and blind spots - coping with situations beyond your control - taking charge of your career Men and Women: - directing and motivating employees - self-confidence - basic management values - how to work with executives - understanding other people's perspective - dealing with people over whom you have no authority - handling political situations

Which type of job would require a higher score on the openness to new experiences dimension of the OCEANs model of personality?

Musician

Another name for the Five Factor Model is ______________ model of personality?

OCEAN

Coercive Power

Potential to influence others through administration of negative sanctions or removal of positive events

Which type of intelligence is important when leading in familiar situations?

Practical

Match the types leadership training programs for leaders and supervisors in industry or public services with their description

Programs for first-level supervisors: they focus on developing skills such as training, monitoring, giving feedback, and conducting performance reviews with subordinates Programs for midlevel managers: they often focus on improving interpersonal, oral communication, and written communication skills, as well as giving tips on time management, planning, and goal setting

What is not part of the A-O-R model?

Response

Which of the fives steps of informal coaching is important to attracting and retaining followers to the work group?

Shaping the environment

NOT an example of how researchers have defined leadership

Success and failure of an organization

The five fundamental archetypes of leadership

Teacher-Mentor: cares about developing others and works beside them as a role model Father-Judge: provides oversight, control, moral guidance, and caring protectiveness Warrior-Knight: takes risks and action in a crisis Revolutionary-Crusader: challenges the status quo and guides adaptation Visionary-Alchemist: imagines possibilities that can benefit all members and brings them into reality

Which theory focuses on what a leader does when solving complex mental problems?

The Triarchic Theory of Intelligence

True or false: 3M's commitment to leadership development is illustrated by its decision to make talent development a core business strategy

True

True or false: According to CRT, experience hinders performance in situations where stress is low

True

True or false: differing definitions of emotional intelligence have contributed to the conflicting research results

True

True or false: research shows that coaching may be more effective at changing behavior than traditional learning and training approaches

True

True or false: research shows that individuals who participate in after-event reviews were more effective leaders than individuals who do not participate in the AER process

True

True or false: studies show that personality is more predictive of leadership emergence and effectiveness than analytic intelligence

True

A leader who takes risks and actions in a crisis is a

Warrior-Knight

The findings by Eden and Shani that individuals placed in high potential group were perceived to have higher potential than those placed in an unknown or regular potential group even though potential was never actually assessed reflects

a self-fulfilling prophecy

A situation in which a student attributes her classmate's bad exam score to a lack of intelligence while the classmate attributes the poor score to unfair grading refer to

actor-observer-difference

The dimension of OCEAN model of personality that is concerned with how one gets along with, as opposed to gets ahead of, others is referred to as ____________________

agreeableness

Leaders with ____________ intelligence tend to be quick learners, do well in school, see the connections between issues, and have the ability to make accurate deductions, assumptions, and inferences with relatively unfamiliar information

analytic

Role playing

assigned parts to play in a job-related scenario

Explanations we develop for the behavior of actions we attend to are called

attributions

Which type of measures are many companies today using in the promotion process for leaders?

both cognitive and non-cognitive measures

The five step informal coaching process is most efficient for

both high and low performing followers

How Parrado managed to convince the survivors of 1972 Andes Plane Crash to stage and support final expedition would be most likely examined by researchers who define leadership as

influencing organized group toward accomplishing goals

Which of the following is a leader development method involving the use of leadership situations as a vehicle for leadership discussions

case studies

Unsuccessful influence attempt

choosing one because it's a way to put a subordinate in his place

Ability to produce work that is both novel and useful uses which type of intelligence

creative

Case studies

describes leadership situations and are used as a vehicle for leadership discussions

Individuals who are willing to confront their own views are using

double-loop learning

All of following will stifle creativity in followers except

encouraging collaboration and coordination

The ________________ extraversion dimension of the OCEAN model of personality involves behaviors that are more likely to be exhibited in group settings and are generally concerned with getting ahead in life

extraversion

The term perceptual set refers to

notion that we are selective in what we attend to and what we perceive

Building blocks that are more difficult to change

- intelligence - personality traits and types - values, interests, motives/goals

Identify the conclusions of research studies summarized by Ralph Stogdill that looked at whether certain personality traits, physical attributes, intelligence, or personal values differentiated leaders from followers

- leaders were not qualitatively different from follower; many followers were just as tall, smart, outgoing, and ambitious as the people who were leading them - some characteristics, such as intelligence, initiative, stress tolerance, responsibility, and dominance, were modestly related to leadership success

Helps explain shift towards more women leaders

- leadership roles have changed - organizational practices have changed - women have changed

Categorize characteristics of leaders based on trait of neuroticism: Leaders higher in neuroticism

- lose their tempers when stressed or criticized - usually are passionate, intense, thin-skinned, moody, and anxious

Which is a good source of information about behaviors leaders need to change?

- performance appraisal - direct feedback from others - 360 degree feedback NOT - program on new leadership techniques

Which does describe a leader who is high on the conscientiousness dimension of the OCEAN model of personality

- planful - earnest - organized

Which are good ways to find out about an individual's public reputation?

- reviewing individual's facebook profile - searching the person's LinkedIn profile - talking with mutual friends NOT good - using MBTI test

Building blocks that are easier to change

- skills/competencies - knowledge - experience

Categorize characteristics of leaders based on trait of neuroticism: Leaders lower in neuroticism

- tend not to take mistakes or failures personally, and hide their emotions - usually are thick-skinned, calm, and optimistic

An INFJ would be good at all of the following

- therapist - painter - editor NOT good - pilot

Identify the true statements about psychological typologies

- they are often expressed in terms of polar opposites - they tend to put people into discrete psychological categories

Identify the features of psychological typologies

- they tend to emphasize the similarities among all people in the same category - they tend to emphasize the differences between people of dominant and submissive types

Which is true of a feeling leader?

- value humanness and social harmony - approach decisions personally and subjectively - naturally empathize and appreciate

Findings of a classic study of sex roles by Schein

-there is a high correlation between the ways both male and female respondents perceived "males" and "managers" -no correlation between respondents perceiving "females" and "managers"

True and false: as compared to the OCEAN model, the mixed model of emotional intelligence is significantly better at predicting performance

False

True or false: Leader development and leadership development refer to same phenomenon

False

Which of the following are pairs in the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator?

extraverted or introverted

True or false: individuals who have completed undergraduate courses in leadership are always better leaders

false

A leader's job in a complex situation is to

generate new ideas and ways of thinking among everyone

Individualized feedback

given in the form of personality, intelligence, values, or interest test scores or leadership behavior ratings

An individual who takes credit for successes but blames the situation for failures

has a self-serving bias

____________________ describes a person's all-around effectiveness in activities directed by thought

intelligence

Perhaps the most important yer most neglected component of the action-observation-reflection model is reflection. Why is reflection important?

it can provide leaders with a variety of insights into how to frame problems differently

The amount of information a leader needs before feeling comfortable making a decision is concerned with which dimension of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator test?

judging-perceiving

Which dimension of Myers-Briggs Type Indicator test would be concerned with an individual who prefers to have an agenda, stick to it, and make as many decisions as possible in a meeting?

judging-perceiving

Mick has taken a new hire, Brian, under his wing and is helping Brian by giving him knowledge, advice, challenge, counsel, and support about career opportunities, organizational strategy and policy, office politics. This process can be described as

mentoring

The less one looks like, acts like, dresses like, and talks like other leaders in organization the

narrower the band of acceptance of behavior

Which is appropriate for decision-making in complex situations?

probe, sense, respond

The question "how do you feel about it now?" is asked in which part of the A-O-R model?

reflection

Simulation and games

relatively structured designed to mirror some challenges or decisions commonly faced in work environment

The dimension of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator test that is concerned with how people look at data is

sensing-intuition

Academic programs to develop social responsibility and engagement in local community use

service learning

Reviewing data and facts and identifying the underlying root causes from the information gathered refers to ______________ -loop learning

single

Actions such as providing insufficient resources, creating tight time lines and rigid processes, and creating fragmented work schedules all act to

stifle the creativity of followers

CRT defines ________________ as the result of conflicts with superiors or the apprehension associated with performance evaluation

stress

Which method of learning results in the greatest amount of behavioral change?

targeted coaching

Rick Aberman defined emotional intelligence as

the degree to which thoughts, feelings, and actions were aligned

Fundamental attribution error can best be described as

the tendency to overestimate the dispositional causes of behavior and underestimate the environmental causes when others fail

Which is not true of a feeling leader?

they pay attention to bottom-line considerations

Recurring regularities or trends in a person's behavior refers to the person's _______________

traits

Unfamiliar, ambiguous situations in which traits are especially important in determining how people behave are called ____________ situations

weak

Which best identifies when informal coaching takes place?

whenever a leader helps a follower change their behavior