HRM Final

A guaranteed amount of money that an employee will be paid is called the employee's _____. a. perquisite b. base salary c. sales commission d. merit pay

b. base salary

Mike, a sales representative, wants to become a sales manager. To become a manager, he ensures that he works harder and performs better than his competitors. In the context of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, this scenario illustrates Mike's _____. a. security needs b. esteem needs c. social needs d. physiological needs

b. esteem needs

In the context of reinforcement theory, a stimulus is: a. an action performed automatically as a response to an environmental cue. b. something in the environment that cues us about a behavior. c. the behavior that we exhibit in reaction to a change in the environment. d. the consequence that follows a response.

b. something in the environment that cues us about a behavior.

Which of the following statements is true of flexible work hour plans? a. They are extremely feasible in organizations that place a strong emphasis on teams. b. They tend to reduce an employer's trust in an employee. c. They are believed to increase job satisfaction. d. They require employees to travel during peak commuting times.

c. They are believed to increase job satisfaction.

Which of the following statements is true of compressed workweeks? a. They presumably make it less likely that an employee will lose work time to deal with personal business. b. They exempt employees from working the required number of hours a week. c. They require employees to work at least 5 days a week. d. They are related to decreased accidents in all settings.

a. They presumably make it less likely that an employee will lose work time to deal with personal business.

Hamid, a 68-year-old man, recently retired from a corporate company as a language trainer. He now tutors school children to cover his monthly expenses. Additionally, Hamid also receives some income from the government. This income is based on his average monthly salary that he used to earn, weighted toward the latter years of his career. In the given scenario, Hamid most likely receives: a. income under the Social Security system. b. workers' compensation. c. unemployment insurance. d. income under the Medicaid program.

a. income under the Social Security system.

Which of the following refers to the situation in which a behavior is followed by desired consequences and thus is likely to be repeated? a. Counterconditioning b. Positive reinforcement c. Intrinsic motivation d. Extinction

b. Positive reinforcement

Which of the following describes compensation on a monthly or annual basis and compensates employees not for how much time they spend in the organization but for their overall contributions to the organization's performance? a. Bursaries b. Salaries c. Wages d. Remittances

b. Salaries

In the context of evaluating performance-enhancement programs, which of the following is a financial and accounting indicator? a. Accident rates b. General labor costs c. Stock prices d. Turnover rates

c. Stock prices

Identify the final step in effective career planning. a. Maintenance b. Individual assessment c. Career exploration d. Career counseling

d. Career counseling

Which of the following statements is true of Maslow's hierarchy of needs? a. It focuses on how motivation occurs rather than on what motivates a person. b. It suggests that everyone is motivated by the same set of needs at any given time. c. It establishes that the level of performance on any task is the sole function of motivation. d. It suggests that only one level of need is capable of motivating behavior at any given time.

d. It suggests that only one level of need is capable of motivating behavior at any given time.

Which of the following refers to hourly compensation paid to operating employees? a. Pensions b. Wages c. Salaries d. Remittances

b. wages

Which of the following statements is true of telecommuting? a. It provides employees with the ultimate in flexibility. b. It is likely to decrease employees' sense of alienation at work. c. It reduces the productivity of employees. d. It reduces the job satisfaction of employees.

a. It provides employees with the ultimate in flexibility.

In the context of evaluating performance-enhancement programs, which of the following is an HR indicator? a. The turnover rate of a company b. The market share of a company c. The stock prices of a company d. The return on assets of a company

a. The turnover rate of a company

Which of the following statements is true of flexible work hour plans? a. They are often not feasible in organizations that rely heavily on teams. b. They exempt employees from working the required number of hours a week. c. They increase the amount of time that employees spend interacting with their coworkers. d. They make it easy to develop a strong culture and a strong esprit de corps.

a. They are often not feasible in organizations that rely heavily on teams.

Andrea, a junior-level employee, decides to quit her job at the pharmaceutical company she has been working at for the past 12 years. However, the fact that Andrea is a talented and efficient employee makes it hard for the company's management to let her go. Therefore, the management offers her a deal in which Andrea will be entitled to some of the company's shares provided she remains with the company for another 2 years. If she leaves before this period is over, she will not have any claim over her shares in the company. In the given scenario, Andrea's company offers her _____. a. a stock-purchase plan b. the Scanlon plan c. a stock-option plan d. a merit-pay plan

a. a stock-purchase plan

The redesigning technique that attempts to increase both the number of tasks a worker does and the control the worker has over the tasks is called _____. a. job enrichment b. onboarding c. employee offshoring d. job enlargement

a. job enrichment

Managing diversity in an organization starts with the: a. policies that the organization adopts because they directly or indirectly affect how people are treated. b. goals that the organization has set for itself. c. training methods the organization adopts to enhance the skill set of its employees. d. individual goals of its employees.

a. policies that the organization adopts because they directly or indirectly affect how people are treated.

Jennifer, a content developer, gives her best at any task assigned to her and tries to surpass her own potential to complete the task. In the context of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, this scenario illustrates Jennifer's _____. a. self-actualization needs b. physiological needs c. social needs d. esteem needs

a. self-actualization needs

Which of the following statements is true of work teams? a. Self-directed work teams are not permanent parts of an organizational architecture. b. If work is designed to be done by teams, we cannot reward individuals in true teamwork settings. c. Autonomous work teams do not have the authority to decide how jobs will be allocated. d. In situations where we cannot identify the work product of a single individual, there is less likelihood of shirking.

b. If work is designed to be done by teams, we cannot reward individuals in true teamwork settings.

Which of the following statements is true of performance feedback? a. It should focus exclusively on effective performance. b. It plays an important role in both behavior modification and goal setting. c. It works best when it involves a unidirectional flow of communication. d. It should be provided annually rather than on a daily or weekly basis

b. It plays an important role in both behavior modification and goal setting.

Which of the following statements is true of incentive compensation systems? a. They focus attention on a wide range of behaviors of an individual. b. They are practical only when performance can be measured easily and objectively. c. They work best in situations that involve ambiguous performance indicators. d. They involve increasing a person's base salary at the end of a year.

b. They are practical only when performance can be measured easily and objectively.

In the context of union security agreements, a closed shop refers to a: a. factory where the workers are shut out of their workplace for a prolonged period of time. b. workplace in which only workers who are already union members may be hired by the employer. c. situation where workers abruptly walk off their jobs due to dissatisfaction. d. condition where a company or an industry shuts down due to financial constraints.

b. workplace in which only workers who are already union members may be hired by the employer.

Samantha, a web content writer, is pursuing a course in creative writing alongside her job. She works in office for 10 hours a day for 4 days instead of working 8 hours a day for 5 days so that she has the flexibility of 3 days off a week. In this scenario, which of the following alternative work schedules has Samantha chosen? a. A flexible work hour plan b. Teleworking c. A compressed workweek d. Telecommuting

c. A compressed workweek

Which of the following groups constitutes a distinct ethnic group in the United States? a. Women b. Expatriates c. Hispanics d. Christians

c. Hispanics

Aaron, the marketing lead of a newspaper, has been instructed by his manager to increase the number of advertisements published in the newspaper. To achieve this, he instructs his team members to bring in at least 10 new clients every month. During the performance appraisals of Aaron's team members, which of the following performance dimensions should be given the most preference? a. The team members' behavior toward prospective clients b. The team members' initiative in acquiring new clients c. The team members' achievement of sales targets d. The team members' attitude toward their peers

c. The team members' achievement of sales targets

Which of the following statements is true of above-market pay policies? a. A benefit of these policies is low labor costs for an organization. b. They tend to increase voluntary turnover among employees. c. They are likely to foster a culture of elitism and competitive superiority. d. Organizations that are in areas with high unemployment are most likely to use these policies.

c. They are likely to foster a culture of elitism and competitive superiority.

In the context of the job characteristics approach, task identity is the: a. perceived importance of a job. b. number of tasks a person does in a job. c. extent to which a worker does a complete portion of the total job. d. extent to which a worker knows how well a task is being performed.

c. extent to which a worker does a complete portion of the total job.

Which of the following is a true statement about performance feedback? a. It should focus exclusively on effective performance. b. It should involve one-way communication, with the manager as the initiator. c. It should be provided annually rather than on a daily or weekly basis. d. It should provide developmental feedback targeted at an individual's behavior, not on the individual.

d. It should provide developmental feedback targeted at an individual's behavior, not on the individual.

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following needs include a person's need for food and water? a. Social needs b. Security needs c. Esteem needs d. Physiological needs

d. Physiological needs

Neil, a market research analyst, works for a company based in a different city. As he lives at a considerable distance from his office, he chooses to do most of his work from home. He receives assignments electronically and does not need to travel to work every day. In this scenario, which of the following work arrangements has Neil most likely chosen? a. Freelancing b. A part-time work plan c. A compressed workweek d. Telecommuting

d. Telecommuting

Which of the following statements is true of alternative work arrangements? a. Unions support home work arrangements because they make it easier for unions to organize workers. b. Home work arrangements reduce the job satisfaction of employees. c. Home work arrangements are likely to decrease employees' sense of alienation at work. d. The AFL-CIO has complained that work-at-home arrangements allow management to impose unfair working conditions on employees.

d. The AFL-CIO has complained that work-at-home arrangements allow management to impose unfair working conditions on employees.

The various rewards, incentives, and other things of value that an organization provides to its employees beyond their wages, salaries, and other forms of direct financial compensation are known as _____. a. grants b. remittances c. bursaries d. benefits

d. benefits

Group-level reward systems in which employees are gradually given a major stake in the proprietorship of a corporation are called _____. a. stock-option plans b. stock-purchase plans c. employee assistance programs d. employee stock ownership plans

d. employee stock ownership plans

Barryst Inc. evaluates the performance of all its employees at the end of a project term. It provides financial rewards to all the employees who maintain a productivity of 105 percent or more at the end of the term. In this scenario, to reward its employees, Barryst Inc. uses a(n) _____. a. profit-sharing plan b. fixed incentive plan c. copartnership plan d. individual incentive plan

d. individual incentive plan

In the context of unionization in the United States, which of the following labor unions was founded in 1886 and was focused on improved working conditions rather than getting involved in legislative and political activities? a. The American Federation of Labor b. The National Trades Union c. The Congress of Industrial Organizations d. The Knights of Labor

a. The American Federation of Labor

Ricardo, a team leader, was impressed by the manner in which Keith, one of his team members, handled a technical problem in a software product. During the annual performance appraisal, Ricardo gave Keith a high rating because of his exceptional technical skills. Moreover, he gave Keith positive feedback and high ratings on all other aspects even though Keith is not a team player and is not punctual. Which of the following rating errors did Ricardo make in the given scenario? a. A halo error b. A horns error c. A contrast error d. A distributional error

a. A halo error

Victor was a labor union president in the 1880s. His union represented various small craft unions. Victor rarely got involved in legislative and political activism. Instead, he put his efforts into improving working conditions and acquiring more beneficial labor contracts. In the given scenario, Victor was most likely the president of the: a. American Federation of Labor. b. National Trades Union. c. Congress of Industrial Organizations. d. Knights of Labor.

a. American Federation of Labor.

Which of the following are the areas in which agency theory is most often applied? a. Executive compensation and executive incentive plans b. Goal setting and task allocation c. Performance appraisal and evaluation d. Employee recruitment and training

a. Executive compensation and executive incentive plans

In the context of the issues faced by older workers and the decision to retire, which of the following is a true statement? a. Individuals are more likely to retire when they have the financial resources needed to maintain their preretirement lifestyles. b. Individuals who have unstructured leisure activities tend to adjust better to retirement. c. Individuals are less likely to retire when their spouses have retired. d. Individuals who avoid engaging in some type of "bridge work" tend to adjust better to retirement.

a. Individuals are more likely to retire when they have the financial resources needed to maintain their preretirement lifestyles.

Which of the following statements is true of diversity training? a. It helps people gain insights into how their own behaviors affect and are interpreted by others. b. It is legally mandated in organizations that have at least 100 employees on the payroll. c. It promotes ethnocentrism in the work environment.

a. It helps people gain insights into how their own behaviors affect and are interpreted by others.

Which of the following statements best defines goal theory? a. It is a motivation model based on the premise that people with goals work harder than people without goals. b. It suggests that difficult goals are least likely to motivate employees. c. It is a motivation model that addresses potential conflicts of interests among the different goals of stakeholders in an organization. d. It is a motivation model that suggests that all goals are created equal.

a. It is a motivation model based on the premise that people with goals work harder than people without goals.

Which of the following statements is true of a labor union? a. It works toward achieving job-related goals such as acquiring higher wages. b. It is established by the government to monitor labor-related issues. c. It has sole authority over deciding the pay increments of the workers of an organization. d. It is an illegally established entity of the workers of an organization.

a. It works toward achieving job-related goals such as acquiring higher wages.

Which of the following rewards employees for acquiring new expertise? a. Skill-based pay b. Seniority-based pay c. Productivity-based pay d. Job-based pay

a. Skill-based pay

Which of the following statements is true of female employees in the United States? a. Some male managers are reluctant to promote female managers. b. The average pay of females in organizations is higher than that of males. c. Women constitute less than 30 percent of all managers. d. Women are less likely to face the problem of the glass ceiling than men.

a. Some male managers are reluctant to promote female managers.

In the context of unionization in the United States, which of the following labor unions was established in the late 1930s and was focused on organizing employees by industry, regardless of their craft, skills, or occupation? a. The Congress of Industrial Organizations b. The Industrial Workers of the World c. The American Federation of Labor d. The Knights of Labor

a. The Congress of Industrial Organizations

Which of the following agencies was established to administer the provisions of the Wagner Act? a. The National Labor Relations Board b. The National Trades Union c. The American Federation of Labor d. The Federal Labor Relations Authority

a. The National Labor Relations Board

Which of the following factors accounts for the increased diversity in organizations? a. The globalization movement b. The increased need for job embeddedness c. Legislation that mandates organizations to adopt ethnocentric practices d. The privatization movement

a. The globalization movement

Which of the following statements correctly reflects a shift in the nature of modern labor unions? a. There has been a decline in union membership in the United States due to aggressive antiunionization strategies undertaken by companies. b. Union members today primarily consist of white males in blue-collar jobs. c. Today's workforce is composed of people from varied ethnic backgrounds who exhibit a strong inclination toward labor unions. d. The formation of labor unions in the automobile and steel industries has reduced to a great extent.

a. There has been a decline in union membership in the United States due to aggressive antiunionization strategies undertaken by companies.

Which of the following statements is true of organizational citizenship behaviors? a. They are never stated as formal requirements of a job. b. They include the activities that individuals do when transitioning between jobs. c. They are more important than task behaviors. d. They do not represent an employee's overall contribution to the organization.

a. They are never stated as formal requirements of a job

Which of the following statements is true of craft unions? a. They limited themselves to representing groups of workers who performed common and specific skilled jobs. b. They organized employees by industry, regardless of their skills or occupation. c. They were formed under the National Labor Relations Act. d. They were established by the government to create labor laws during the Revolutionary War.

a. They limited themselves to representing groups of workers who performed common and specific skilled jobs.

The process by which managers and union leaders negotiate acceptable terms and conditions of employment for those workers represented by the unions is called _____. a. collective bargaining b. labor brokering c. craft unionism d. featherbedding

a. collective bargaining

Treating people within an organization fairly and taking actions that do not discriminate against people in protected classes on the basis of some illegal criterion is called _____. a. equal employment opportunity b. tolerance c. integrated diversity management d. pluralism

a. equal employment opportunity

In the context of motivation and needs, Maslow's theory is useful because it: a. focuses on needs and suggests that not everyone would be motivated by the same set of needs at any one time. b. segregates needs into three fundamental levels and allows for multiple levels of needs to be prepotent. c. establishes that the level of performance on any task is the sole function of motivation. d. focuses on how motivation occurs rather than on what motivates a person.

a. focuses on needs and suggests that not everyone would be motivated by the same set of needs at any one time.

Crezenth Inc., an American cosmetics company, decides to have African American models in its next advertising campaign instead of white females, who are commonly used in its competitors' advertisements. Through this advertising campaign, Crezenth would facilitate _____. a. social change b. job embeddedness c. xenophobia d. ethnocentrism

a. social change

A central tendency error occurs when a manager: a. tends to rate all employees as average. b. assigns relatively high or lenient ratings to all employees. c. uses only the lower part of a rating scale. d. compares one employee with another instead of against an objective standard.

a. tends to rate all employees as average.

Which of the following statements is true of the various theories of motivation? a. They always make different predictions about a situation that could not be easily resolved. b. A few of the theories conflict with each other. c. All of them suggest that performances and outcomes are not directly related. d. All of them deal with the same aspect of the motivational process.

b. A few of the theories conflict with each other.

Gerald, a manager at an investment firm, is conducting performance appraisals for his subordinates. He is not satisfied with the communication skills of Alfred, one of his subordinates, and hence considers Alfred to be poor in all other aspects as well. As a result, he gives Alfred low ratings in all performance dimensions. Which of the following rating errors does Gerald make? a. A halo error b. A horns error c. A distributional error d. A contrast error

b. A horns error

Which of the following is a new trend in bargaining perspectives between labor unions and management? a. Organizational downsizing and low inflation have forced unions to focus on wage increases. b. Bargaining situations are often characterized by demands for improved job security. c. Labor unions present ambitious demands rather than trying to preserve what workers currently have. d. Labor unions encourage job movement despite management's efforts to restrict it.

b. Bargaining situations are often characterized by demands for improved job security.

Which of the following statements is true of nonmandated benefits? a. These benefits include unemployment insurance and workers' compensation. b. Businesses may elect to provide these benefits in order to attract more qualified workers. c. No laws or regulations are applicable on these benefits. d. They are funded by the government.

b. Businesses may elect to provide these benefits in order to attract more qualified workers.

Which of the following is true of a 360-degree appraisal system? a. It ensures that feedback coming from different sources is consistent. b. It allows an organization to obtain information on an employee's performance from all perspectives. c. It allows an organization to use performance ratings for purposes other than feedback and employee development. d. It excludes peers as potential sources of information.

b. It allows an organization to obtain information on an employee's performance from all perspectives.

Which of the following statements is true of the Cordwainer doctrine? a. It mandated the provision of health benefits to the workers of an organization. b. It declared that labor unions were in restraint of trade and thus illegal. c. It prohibited employers from interacting directly with union members in case of strikes. d. It mandated the presence of a mediator during collective bargaining.

b. It declared that labor unions were in restraint of trade and thus illegal.

Which of the following statements best defines motivation? a. It involves focusing one's consciousness on a particular stimulus. b. It represents the forces operating on a person to exert effort, as well as the direction in which that effort will be exerted. c. It includes being aware of one's thoughts, feelings, actions, and memories. d. It is the determinant of the relative importance of various personal factors that predict a person's ability to perform a job effectively.

b. It represents the forces operating on a person to exert effort, as well as the direction in which that effort will be exerted.

Which of the following statements is true of ERG theory? a. It is concerned with how a person becomes motivated to perform in a certain way. b. It substituted three levels of needs for Maslow's five levels of needs. c. It suggests that everyone is motivated by the same set of requirements at any one time. d. It suggested that people always move up the hierarchy of needs.

b. It substituted three levels of needs for Maslow's five levels of needs.

Which of the following statements is true of the age distribution of workers in the United States? a. A low number of retirees combined with many young workers may lead to excess labor supply in the future. b. The average age of U.S. workers is gradually increasing. c. Accident rates are lower for older U.S. workers than for younger workers up to age 54. d. Increasing birthrates among the post-baby boom generations account for many new entrants into the workforce.

b. The average age of U.S. workers is gradually increasing.

The managers of an organization are given an employee evaluation form that has many questions and several options for each question. One such question is as follows: The employee shows initiative in improving work quality. Strongly agree Agree Neither agree nor disagree Disagree Strongly disagree The managers are asked to select the most appropriate option. In the given scenario, which of the following methods of performance appraisal is the organization using? a. The management-by-objectives system b. The graphic rating scale c. The paired-comparison method d. The goal-based system

b. The graphic rating scale

Which of the following statements is true of the ethnic composition in nonprofessional occupations? a. Hispanics constitute less than one-third of all carpenters. b. The percentage of African American firefighters has increased over the last 7-8 years. c. African Americans constitute more than two-thirds of all carpenters. d. The percentage of Hispanic firefighters has increased over the last 7-8 years.

b. The percentage of African American firefighters has increased over the last 7-8 years.

In the context of reinforcement theory, which of the following statements is true of continuous schedules? a. They produce undesirable behaviors as soon as reinforcements stop. b. They involve the shortest amount of learning time. c. They are the most resistant to extinction. d. They result in low levels of employee productivity as compared to fixed interval schedules.

b. They involve the shortest amount of learning time.

Sonia, a sales executive at Westrek Inc., is specific about what she wants from her workplace. She wants to be part of an environment that is free from workplace harassment. In the context of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, this scenario illustrates Sonia's _____. a. self-actualization needs b. esteem needs c. physiological needs d. security needs

d. security needs

Which of the following statements is true of motivation? a. Intrinsic motivation increases when extrinsic rewards are introduced. b. Up to a point, high levels of motivation can compensate for lower levels of ability. c. Most theories of motivation are primarily concerned with intrinsic motivation. d. Any level of performance on any task is solely a function of motivation.

b. Up to a point, high levels of motivation can compensate for lower levels of ability.

Josephine, a senior manager at an advertising firm, has cut back on her work responsibilities and has lately been losing complete interest in her job. She wants to spend more time with her family and pursue her hobbies. As a result, she is thinking about leaving her job and taking up part-time work. In the context of the traditional model of career stages, Josephine is most likely in the _____. a. maintenance stage of her career b. disengagement stage of her career c. establishment stage of her career d. exploration stage of her career

b. disengagement stage of her career

Need-based theories of motivation: a. suggest that everyone is motivated by the same set of requirements at any given time. b. focus on what motivates a person. c. focus on how motivation occurs in an individual. d. determine the result from motivating individuals.

b. focus on what motivates a person.

Bianca is a product engineer at Argon Inc. She learns that the salary she receives is less than that received by the other product engineers in the company with similar qualifications and job experience as hers. As a result, she becomes unhappy with her compensation and feels demotivated. She later talks to her manager and asks for a raise. In this scenario, Bianca has experienced problems with _____. a. job evaluation b. internal equity c. external equity d. pay compression

b. internal equity

In the context of the contributions of diversity to the competitiveness of an organization, the edge of having multiple perspectives and new ways of doing things is: a. part of the marketing argument. b. the focus of the creativity argument. c. part of the resource acquisition argument. d. the focus of the cost argument.

b. the focus of the creativity argument.

Which of the following performance-appraisal methods represents a combination of the graphic rating scale and the critical incident method? a. A Likert scale appraisal system b. The forced-distribution method of performance appraisal c. A behaviorally anchored rating scale appraisal system d. The paired-comparison method of performance appraisal

c. A behaviorally anchored rating scale appraisal system

In the context of union security agreements, which of the following agreements allows a nonunion member to be hired, although he or she must join the union within a specified time to keep his or her job? a. An open shop agreement b. An agency shop agreement c. A union shop agreement d. A fair-share provision union agreement

c. A union shop agreement

Eileen is the newly appointed team leader of the sales team at Bethet Inc. The senior manager, whom Eileen reports to, wants to gather information about how well she has been able to motivate her team to work effectively. In this case, who among the following would most likely be the best source of information? a. Eileen's peers b. Eileen's former employers c. Eileen's subordinates d. Eileen's clients

c. Eileen's subordinates

Which of the following statements is true of a truly diverse organization? a. Employees of the organization adopt an ethnocentric attitude. b. Positive gains and problems increase at the same rate for the organization. c. Minority groups become more prominent in the organization. d. Employees view themselves as members of the same organization.

d. Employees view themselves as members of the same organization.

In the context of the performance-appraisal process in an organization, which of the following is a role of the organization? a. Collecting information about employee behaviors and translating that information into ratings b. Considering the context in which employee performance occurs so that any extenuating conditions can be taken into consideration c. Ensuring that clear and specific performance standards are available to managers for rating employees d. Communicating the results of performance appraisals and consequences of the appraisals to employees

c. Ensuring that clear and specific performance standards are available to managers for rating employees

In the context of compensation, which of the following terms refers to comparisons made by employees to others employed by different organizations performing similar jobs? a. Collective bargaining b. Pay inversion c. External equity d. Peer appraisal

c. External equity

Which of the following is a major reason for the lack of global competitiveness by automakers in the United States? a. Low purchasing power b. Small size of the workforce c. High labor costs d. Aggressive antiunionization strategies

c. High labor costs

Which of the following is true of the Taft-Hartley Act of 1947? a. It required national labor unions to elect new leaders at least once every 5 years. b. It abolished closed-shop agreements and union shop agreements. c. It conferred on the National Labor Relations Board the power to regulate unfair union practices. d. It aimed at putting labor unions on an equal footing with managers.

c. It conferred on the National Labor Relations Board the power to regulate unfair union practices.

Which of the following statements is true of the Knights of Labor? a. It admitted people on the basis of race and creed. b. It sought to replace worker cooperatives through capitalism. c. It expanded its membership to include workers in many different fields. d. It only sought to improve the wages of its members.

c. It expanded its membership to include workers in many different fields.

Which of the following statements is true of the establishment stage of a traditional career? a. It encompasses the time when an individual tries to assess his or her own values and preferences. b. It is the third stage of a traditional career. c. It generally encompasses an individual's late twenties through mid- to late thirties. d. It involves optimizing talents and capabilities.

c. It generally encompasses an individual's late twenties through mid- to late thirties.

Which of the following statements is true of unemployment insurance? a. To be eligible for it, a person should have a part-time job. b. To be eligible for it, an individual must have worked for at least 2 years. c. It is funded by premiums paid by employers. d. It was created in the United States as part of the Fair Labor Standards Act.

c. It is funded by premiums paid by employers.

Which of the following statements is true of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) of 1974? a. It prevents organizations from establishing private pension plans. b. It specifies which employees are covered by overtime provisions and which are exempt. c. It makes vesting rights operational after 6 years of service at the most. d. It prevents employees from carrying a portion of their benefits to another job.

c. It makes vesting rights operational after 6 years of service at the most.

Which of the following was a weakness of the American Federation of Labor (AF of L)? a. Its focus on becoming a direct organization instead of an umbrella organization b. Its focus on legislative and political activities that affected workers c. Its focus on accepting only skilled craftspersons for specifically defined jobs d. Its focus on organizing employees by industry, regardless of their skills

c. Its focus on accepting only skilled craftspersons for specifically defined jobs

Which of the following statements is true of benefits programs? a. A good amount of data exists to support the fact that benefits programs are not instrumental in attracting better applicants. b. Employee expectations have little role in determining what benefits a firm must offer. c. Most experts argue that money spent on benefits programs affects job satisfaction and subsequent turnover. d. The need to remain competitive with other firms in an industry is a major force in reducing the cost of benefits programs.

c. Most experts argue that money spent on benefits programs affects job satisfaction and subsequent turnover.

Which of the following refers to the extent to which information on the compensation of any individual in an organization is formally made available to other individuals? a. Pay inversion b. Pay equity c. Pay secrecy d. Pay compression

c. Pay secrecy

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following needs include the need to have meaningful interactions and relationships with others? a. Safety needs b. Security needs c. Social needs d. Esteem needs

c. Social needs

Which of the following acts was passed in the year 1959 and focused on eliminating various unethical, illegal, and undemocratic union practices? a. The Norris-La Guardia Act b. The Taft-Hartley Act c. The Landrum-Griffin Act d. The Wagner Act

c. The Landrum-Griffin Act

Ralph, a sales representative in a car showroom, was fired from his job because he could not meet the monthly sales targets over the past 6 months. He is currently looking for another job. Which of the following mandated benefits can Ralph avail until he finds another job? a. Social Security b. Workers' compensation c. Unemployment insurance d. A private pension

c. Unemployment insurance

When a supervisor works to simultaneously eliminate undesired behavior and reward desired behavior, it is known as _____. a. behavior extinction b. behavioral response c. behavior modification d. positive behavior

c. behavior modification

The set of rewards that organizations provide to individuals in return for their willingness to perform various jobs and tasks within the organization is known as _____. a. attrition b. a remittance c. compensation d. a bursary

c. compensation

Laura is a layout artist at an advertising agency and has been part of the organization for 5 years. However, she earns less than Andrea, a digital artist who has been in the organization for only 3 years. This is because digital advertising is the latest trend in the advertising industry, and hence, there is a huge demand for digital designers in the market. The given scenario is an example of _____. a. pay secrecy b. pay compression c. pay equity d. pay inversion

d. pay inversion

A halo error is a rating error that occurs when: a. people are compared against one another instead of against an objective standard. b. a rater tends to use only one part of a rating scale. c. one positive performance characteristic of an employee causes the rater to rate all other aspects of the employee's performance positively. d. a rater downgrades other aspects of an employee's performance because of a single performance dimension.

c. one positive performance characteristic of an employee causes the rater to rate all other aspects of the employee's performance positively.

In the context of multicultural organizations, full structural integration suggests that: a. organizational identification is based on a cultural identity group. b. every group represented in an organization works to understand every other group better, thereby influencing the organization's culture. c. the diversity within an organization is an accurate reflection of the organization's external labor market. d. employees are treated fairly and equally irrespective of the fundamental differences between them.

c. the diversity within an organization is an accurate reflection of the organization's external labor market.

Bruce Wang, an employee at Kknox Inc., a small apparel manufacturing company, has been elected by the members of the local union to act as a mediator between the management of the company and the union members in case of disputes. Bruce conveys the demands of the union to the management and also informs the union members about company policies. In the given scenario, Bruce Wang is: a. an apprentice in the local union at Kknox Inc. b. an expatriate in the local union at Kknox Inc. c. the shop steward of the local union at Kknox Inc. d. the headhunter of the local union at Kknox Inc.

c. the shop steward of the local union at Kknox Inc.

In the years immediately after Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act was passed, many HR managers operated under the assumption that they were required by law to: a. hire knowledge workers from the underprivileged sections of society. b. promote people of African American and Hispanic origins. c. treat everyone equally. d. promote cultural relativism.

c. treat everyone equally.

Which of the following is a factor that contributes to the gradual increase in the average age of U.S. workers? a. Low levels of insurance coverage for older workers b. Continuous aging of the millennial generation c. Low legal limits for mandatory retirement d. Declining birthrates among the post-baby boom generations

d. Declining birthrates among the post-baby boom generations

Which of the following statements best describes the glass ceiling? a. It is a staffing model that prefers the recruitment of individuals from one ethnic group to another. b. It is a discriminative attitude of organizations that denies reasonable employment opportunities to the disabled. c. It is a pattern that suggests that women are more likely to climb the career ladder than men. d. It is a barrier that keeps many females from advancing to top management positions in many organizations.

d. It is a barrier that keeps many females from advancing to top management positions in many organizations.

Which of the following statements is true of the Landrum-Griffin Act? a. It mandates the election of new union leaders at least once every 8 years. b. It prohibits union members from bargaining with management. c. It stipulates that employers provide information regarding their finances to all union and nonunion members. d. It prohibits convicted felons from holding national union office.

d. It prohibits convicted felons from holding national union office.

Which of the following statements is true of the point system for job evaluation? a. It requires managers to describe the value of the various elements of specific jobs in subjective terms. b. It is less sophisticated than the classification system for job evaluation. c. It evaluates or compares jobs using a factor-comparison scale as a benchmark. d. It typically evaluates 8-10 compensable factors for each job.

d. It typically evaluates 8-10 compensable factors for each job.

Which of the following is a method for determining the relative value or worth of a job to an organization so that individuals who perform that job can be compensated adequately and appropriately? a. Job rotation b. Job enlargement c. Job enrichment d. Job evaluation

d. Job evaluation

Which of the following acts was passed in 1935 and gives workers the legal right to form unions, to bargain collectively with management, and to engage in group activities such as strikes to accomplish their goals? a. The Landrum-Griffin Act b. The Norris-La Guardia Act c. The Taft-Hartley Act d. The Wagner Act

d. The Wagner Act

Which of the following phases of career planning requires that people analyze carefully what they perceive to be their own abilities, competencies, skills, and goals? a. The communication phase b. The career counseling phase c. The development phase d. The individual assessment phase

d. The individual assessment phase

Jaylynn, a manager, is evaluating the performance of his team members by contrasting each member with every other member, one at a time. Which of the following performance-appraisal methods is Jaylynn using in the given scenario? a. The critical incident method b. The goal-based system c. The management-by-objectives system d. The paired-comparison method

d. The paired-comparison method

Which of the following statements is true of performance appraisals based on behaviors? a. They involve focusing on outcomes. b. They emphasize the most objective measures of performance available. c. They are the most difficult to defend in court. d. They tend to be based on job analysis.

d. They tend to be based on job analysis.

Which of the following is a difference between diversity management and equal employment opportunity? a. Diversity management insists on increasing the number of ethnic groups in the workforce, whereas equal employment opportunity does not. b. Diversity management places an emphasis on eliminating minority groups to avoid potential discrimination, whereas equal employment opportunity does not. c. Unlike equal employment opportunity, diversity management results in higher ethnocentrism in the workplace. d. Unlike equal employment opportunity, diversity management places a heavier emphasis on appreciating and reasonably accommodating the differences among people at work.

d. Unlike equal employment opportunity, diversity management places a heavier emphasis on appreciating and reasonably accommodating the differences among people at work.

In the context of mandated protection programs, which of the following covers individuals who suffer a job-related illness or accident? a. A wellness program b. Unemployment insurance c. A defined contribution plan d. Workers' compensation

d. Workers' compensation

Ralph, an intern in a manufacturing company, comes up with a new idea of revolutionizing the manufacturing process for a gear assembly, thus minimizing the costs and manufacturing time associated with the process. In this scenario, Ralph's idea is most likely a result of _____. a. regularization b. centration c. convergent thinking d. creative behavior

d. creative behavior

The ultimate test of an organization's commitment to managing diversity is its _____. a. compensation package b. grievance policy c. productivity d. culture

d. culture

In the context of the actions that individuals can take to deal with diversity, the ability to understand the perspective of others is called _____. a. tolerance b. communication c. embeddedness d. empathy

d. empathy

Performance management is the: a. formal evaluation of an employee to determine the degree to which the employee is performing his or her job effectively. b. process of grouping employees into predefined frequencies of performance ratings. c. mechanism by which an organization evaluates and documents employee performance on a half-yearly basis. d. general set of activities carried out by an organization to improve employee performance.

d. general set of activities carried out by an organization to improve employee performance.

Pay compression is likely to occur in an organization if an experienced employee's salary: a. is more than that of other employees with the same job profile and qualifications. b. is less than that of new employees. c. is more than the base salary of top executives in the organization. d. is not much more than that of an entry-level employee.

d. is not much more than that of an entry-level employee.

Jessica works at a hospital as a receptionist on Monday and Thursday, as an attendant on Tuesday and Friday, and as a clerk on Wednesday. Her manager assigns different tasks to her through the week to keep her motivated and satisfied. In this scenario, the redesigning technique that Jessica's manager uses to increase her work satisfaction is: a. onboarding. b. employee offshoring. c. job outsourcing. d. job rotation.

d. job rotation.

Wong walks by a bulletin board that advertises a fast food brand. The advertisement reminds him that he is hungry, and he wants to buy a snack. In the context of reinforcement theory, the advertisement serves as a(n) _____. a. orienting reflex b. cognitive map c. response d. stimulus

d. stimulus

According to the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), an organization cannot discriminate against a person with a disability as long as: a. the person's disability is not mental, physically obvious, or disfiguring. b. the person's disability is curable. c. the accommodation requested by the person is acceptable to other employees who do not have a disability. d. the person can perform the essential functions of a job with or without a reasonable accommodation.

d. the person can perform the essential functions of a job with or without a reasonable accommodation.

A horns error is a rating error that occurs when: a. the rater tends to use only one part of a rating scale. b. people are compared against one another instead of against an objective standard. c. one positive performance characteristic of an employee causes the rater to rate all other aspects of the employee's performance positively. d. the rater downgrades other aspects of an employee's performance because of a single performance dimension.

d. the rater downgrades other aspects of an employee's performance because of a single performance dimension.