Human Body Systems (Integumentary, Excretory, Respiratory, Cardiovascular, and Digestive)

energy for muscles provided by cellular respiration

ATP

what gland secretes aldosterone/ cortisol which affect the kidney and is important for reabsorbing sodium/ raises blood glucose levels and reduces inflammation

adreal glands

what are the thin-walled, individual air sacs within the lungs?

alveoli

what organ is small with no known function that sometimes gets infected?

appendix

the _______ transmits the signal that cause both ventricles to contract.

atrioventricular node

what kind of joint is the shoulder?

ball-and-socket joint

accessory organs provide _____, ______, and ______ to aid digestion.

bile, hormones, and enzymes

what does red bone marrow produce?

blood cells

the heart pumps blood through a network of tubes inside the body called ___.

blood vessels

what are the large tubes that enter each lung from the trachea?

bronchi

what are small branches off larger tubes within each lung?

bronchioles

how does the body transport gases in and out?

by breathing

what is the key function of the respiratory system?

by supplying oxygen to cells and removing carbon dioxide waste from cells

involuntary; only in the heart; striated cells arranged in a network, or web; cells have one nucleus and are connected by gap junctions

cardiac muscle

digestion can be categorized as either _____ or _______.

chemical or mechanical

dense and strong; it provides strength and protection

compact bone

contains connective tissue,glands, and muscles

dermis

has many blood vessels and nerves

dermis

layer from which hair follicles grow

dermis

the thicker, inner layer of skin

dermis

what kind of glands produce hormones?

endocrine

The outermost layer of skin; cells are tightly packed (good barrier)

epidermis

contains pigmented cells

epidermis

partly composed of dead keratin-containing cells

epidermis

site of continual mitotic division

epidermis

adapted for strength and store little oxygen

fast-twitch muscles

the circulatory system contains cell ____ and proteins

fragments

excess bile is stored in the _______ to be released into the small intestine

gallbladder

what kind of joint is the wrist?

gliding joint

the circulatory system distributes _____ though out the body to help regulate body temperature

heat

what kind of joint is the elbow?

hinge joint

what is the major excretory organ in the body?

kidney

what organ is a part of the urinary system which removes wastes from the blood stream?

kidneys

which organ(s) primarily remove wastes?

kidneys

name the part of the digestive system where food spends the most time.

large intestine

undigestible material is collected in the (small intestine/large intestine).

large intestine

water is absorbed in the (small intestine/large intestine).

large intestine

the largest internal organ of the body is the _____.

liver

what produces bile, which helps break down fats?

liver

which organ(s) primarily remove carbon dioxide?

lungs

what are the things that filter out dust; warms and moistens air?

mouth or nose

smaller units that make up muscle fibers

myofibrils

protein filaments that make up myofibrils

myosin and actin

the circulatory system transports ______ and nutrients to cells and removes waste from body cells.

oxygen

what produces enzymes, hormones, and an alkaline fluid?

pancreas

which gland secretes insulin/ glucagon which causes sugar to move into cells from the blood/ accelerated the conversion of glucose to glycogen

pancreas

what gland secretes the human growth hormone with is especially active during childhood and adolescence?

pituitary gland

what kind of joint is the neck?

pivot joint

which blood component carries glucose and fats

plasma

which blood component is clear, yellowish fluid?

plasma

which blood component helps clot blood?

platelet

what is the alternating expansion and relaxation of the artery wall caused by contraction of the left ventricle called?

pulse

which blood component contains hemoglobin?

red blood cells

which blood component transports oxygen?

red blood cells

which blood component lacks a nucleus

red blood cells, platelet, and plasma

which blood component is produced in bone marrow?

red blood cells, white blood cells

part of the muscle that contracts

sarcomere

what is another name for a group of cells called the pacemaker in the right atrium that sends out signals that tells the heart muscle to contract?

sinoatrial node

voluntary; attached to bones by tendons; striated

skeletal muscle

provides a framework for the body, works with muscular system to provide movement, protects soft tissues and organs of the body

skeletal system

which organ(s) primarily remove salts?

skin and kidneys

which organ(s) primarily remove water?

skin and kidneys

have great endurance and store a lot of oxygen

slow-twitch muscles

bile and pancreatic juices are added in the (small intestine/large intestine).

small intestine

chemical digestion is completed in the (small intestine/large intestine).

small intestine

where are most nutrients absorbed?

small intestine

mechanical digestion is completed in the (small intestine/large intestine).

small intestine and large intestine

nutrients are absorbed in the (small intestine/large intestine).

small intestine and large intestine

peristalsis happens in the (small intestine/large intestine).

small intestine and large intestine

involuntary; it is not striated, or striped; each cells has one nucleus

smooth muscle

less dense and has many cavities that contain bone marrow

spongy bone

estrogen and testosterone are examples of which type of hormone?

steroid

what is the blood pressure caused by contraction of the heart called?

systole

what three parts does the circulatory system consist of?

the blood, the heart and the blood vessels

what is external respiration?

the exchange of gases between the atmosphere of gases between the blood and the body's cells

what is breathing?

the mechanical movement of air into and out of the lungs

how many major functions does the digestive system have?

three

what gland secretes thyroxine and causes cells of the body to have a higher rate of metabolism?

thyroid

what is the function of the respiratory system?

to sustain cellular respiration

what is the key function of the circulatory system?

to transport oxygen and nutrients to cells and remove waste from body cells

what branches into two large tubes that go to the lungs?

trachea

what are the fingerlike structures that absorb nutrients from food called?

villi

what is absorbed from ____ in the colon?

water, chyme

a key function of this type of blood cell is to fight infection

white blood cells

which blood component fights infection?

white blood cells

which blood component releases chemicals that form fibrin?

white blood cells, platelet