HW post test quizzes PRPC prep

Freidrich's criteria are the accepted standards for diagnosing vulvodynia though they have difficulty with reproducibility and standardization. They include :observation of redness and erythema of the vulva , reported provoked pain with vaginal opening (introital) entry and: A. itchy vaginal discharge B positive pain sites when tested with cotton swab at numerous places on the vulva C. clitoral adhesions D hypertonus of the tranversus abdominus muscle

B positive pain sites when tested with cotton swab at numerous places on the vulva

An assessment and outcome measure for chronic pelvic pain patients that includes sexual dysfunction with intercourse is: A. PUF scale B. Marinoff scale C. Laycock scale D. All of the above

B. Marinoff scale

A pelvic floor muscle grade of 2 using the Harvard/Oxford scale means: A. the patient can "hold" the contraction for 5 seconds B. The patient can not lift the muscles against gravity C. The patient can "lift" the muscles for 5 seconds D. the patient can bulge and lengthen the muscles for 2 seconds

B. The patient can not lift the muscles against gravity

According to the AHCPR Guidelines for Urinary Incontinence, the strength of evidence for surgery and pelvic floor muscle exercises for treatment of SUI is the same A. true B. false

B. false

Which of the following are functions of the pelvic diaphragm? a. assist clitoral erection b. supports the pelvic organs c. closes vaginal opening d. closes urethra meatus

B. support the pelvic organs

The goal of assessing for diastasis recti is: A. to advise against weight-bearing exercises B. to assess potential alterations in force closure C. to recommend surgical consult if more than 3 fingers widths separation is noted. D. to assess ability of transversus abdominis to function

B. to assess potential alterations if force closure

Your athletic patient reports voiding 9x a day, drinking 64 oz of water per day, and has 3/5 pfm strength. She complains of Stress urinary incontinence when running more than a 7 minute mile pace and leaks at no other time. What do you recommend? A. PT is not appropriate and there are no theapeutic goals. B. Avoidance of bladder irritants C. Biomechanical screen of her running and pelvic floor muscle sports specific strengthening D limit water intake for 3 hours prior to running

C. Biomechanical screen of her running and pelvic floor muscle sports specific strengthening

The Brink scale for muscle testing of PF adds the following terms or concepts A. overactive, underactive B. flicker, trace C. Squeeze pressure, displacement D. lift, no lift

C. Squeeze pressure, displacement

The Active Straight Leg Raise Test is a validated clinical test for: A. assessing diastasis recti abdominis B. assessing pelvic stability C. assessing load transfer D. assessing transverse abdominis

C. assessing load transfer

Which is an example of poor load transfer demonstrated in the single leg stand test? A. Pelvis remains level B. balance is maintained C. Pelvic significantly anterior tilts D. patient complains of significant pain

C. pelvis significantly anterior tilts

Your patient complains of pain within the contents of the scrotum. Which statement below is accurate and important to consider when examining this patient? a. The superficial pelvic floor muscles attach to the scrotum and are important in elevating the testicles. b. Nerve supply to the testicles is from the lower thoracic and upper lumbar spine, which may indicate a need to examine the thoracic spine and abdomen in these patients. c. Nerve supply to the testicles is from the sacrum, and this should be examined for dysfunction. d. The abdominal muscles are not often involved in scrotal pain, so do not need to be evaluated in these patinets.

b. Nerve supply to the testicles is from the lower thoracic and upper lumbar spine, which may indicate a need to examine the thoracic spine and abdomen in these patients.

A patient that has severe disruption of DeLancey level I anatomical support would have symptoms of: a. "cervix first prolapse, pelvic heaviness, lumbosacral back pain b. stress incontinence, voiding difficulty, c. severe leakage, visible perineal bulging d. maximal bulging, pelvic heaviness, perineal pressure

a. "cervix first prolapse, pelvic heaviness, lumbosacral back pain

If a person demonstrates a pattern of contracting their pelvic floor muscles with attempting defecation, this is known as: a. Dyssynergic Defecation b. Slow transit constipation c. Normal transit constipation d. Fecal impaction

a. Dyssynergic Defecation

A patient complains of itching and swelling around the anal opening. This is consistent with: a. External hemorrhoids b. Anal fissures c. Internal hemorrhoids d. Fistula

a. External hemorrhoids

Your patient reports that they have bowel leakage which occurs commonly after bowel movements. They also often have difficulty wiping to clean up after bowel movements. What type of incontinence does this patient have? a. Fecal seepage incontinence b. Passive fecal incontinence c. Urge anal incontinence d. Full fecal incontinence

a. Fecal seepage incontinence

The hypothalamus a. Is primarily responsible for homeostasis b. Is the size of a plum, located in the brain c. Is posterior to the thyroid and affects calcium metabolism d. Is the target organ with PCOS e. None of the above

a. Is primarily responsible for homeostasis

The internal anal sphincter muscle is: a. Not under voluntary control b. A continuation of the puborectalis muscle c. Able to hold a 90 second tonic voluntary contraction d. Cut during an episiotomy

a. Not under voluntary control

Interstitial cystitis and painful bladder syndrome treatment outcomes can be measured with a. O'Leary - Sant index b. Potassium Sensitivity Test (PST) c. PFDI-20 d. PERFECT

a. O'Leary - Sant index

Which statement is most accurate regarding glottal position and postural stability? a. Open glottis breathing improves center of pressure control. b. Partially-opened glottis position (like in counting or humming) offers the best combined thoraxi stability and center of pressure control. c. Breath holding (closed glottis) position improves center of pressure control but decreases thorax stability d. Glottal position does not impact postural stability.

b. Partially-opened glottis position (like in counting or humming) offers the best combined thoraxi stability and center of pressure control.

Pudendal neuralgia can have several precursors, including a. Activities like running and jumping rope b. Pelvic surgeries and scar tissue c. Bladder leakage d. All of the above

b. Pelvic surgeries and scar tissue

Levator avulsion typically involves the origin of which muscle? a. Iliococcygeus b. Pubococcygeus c. Coccygeus d. Obturator internus

b. Pubococcygeus

The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) identifies several key components to trauma-informed care. These include all of the following, except: a. Actively resisting re-traumatization b. Reducing the healthcare burden c. Realizing widespread impact of trauma d. Recognizing signs and symptoms

b. Reducing the healthcare burden

If a patient reports that they have difficulty sensing whether the urge they feel is actually a bowel movement or just gas, this could be a problem with the: a. Gastrocolic reflex b. Sampling response c. Intrinsic defecation reflex d. Rectoanal inhibitory reflex

b. Sampling response

Which foods are known to contribute to fecal incontinence? a. Oatmeal, bananas, flax seed b. Spicy foods, alcohol, caffeine c. Grapes, salad, rice d. None of the above.

b. Spicy foods, alcohol, caffeine

Dilators or vaginal trainers are graduated cylinders that: a. Should be pushed into the vagina to stretch the muscles at a tolerated size b. Are used to desensitize the pelvic floor muscles and re-educate voluntary release and lengthening. c. Provide weights for strengthening the pelvic floor muscles d. Are given to patients only after they are discharged from treatment

b. Are used to desensitize the pelvic floor muscles and re-educate voluntary release and lengthening.

Your patient with constipation asks you what they can do to help with the gas problems they are experiencing. The best recommendation is: a. Drink plenty of water during the day b. Avoid carbonated drinks, pastries, beans, and cruciferous vegetables. c. Lie down after every meal for 30 minutes d. Eat meat, bran and whole grains.

b. Avoid carbonated drinks, pastries, beans, and cruciferous vegetables.

Which test is performed to identify diverticulitis, polyps, or cancerous lesions in the colon? a. Upper endoscopy b. Colonoscopy c. Anorectal Manometry d. All of the above

b. Colonoscopy

Which of the following is not a function of estrogen a. Thickening of vaginal lining b. Creates thick, impenetrable cervical fluid when not time for fertilization c. Prevent heart disease d. Precipitate puberty e. Protects bone

b. Creates thick, impenetrable cervical fluid when not time for fertilization

You examine a patient who is experiencing vulva discomfort and decreased sexual arousal. Upon examination of the clitoral prepuce, you notice decreased mobility, with 75% of the glans covered. This would be described as: a. Grade 1 phimosis b. Grade 2 phimosis c. Grade 3 phimosis d. Grade 4 phimosis

b. Grade 2 phimosis

Xenoestrogens are Implicated in: a. Male pattern baldness b. Increased breast development in young girls c. Thinned vaginal membranes d. Vertigo e. Acne

b. Increased breast development in young girls

Your patient tells you that they have been dealing with Crohn's Disease for several years. Which is true of Crohn's Disease? a. It is a subtype of irritable bowel syndrome, and causes diarrhea. b. It can impact anywhere in the digestive tract and often requires medical management c. It only impacts the colon and affects the deepest mucosal layer d. It generally leads to bowel resection and colostomy.

b. It can impact anywhere in the digestive tract and often requires medical management

Which of the following is NOT true a. Fascia is a body wide tensional force transmission system b. The abdomen has dense connective tissue fascia c. The extremities have dense connective tissue fascia d. The more rapidly fascia is forced to move, the more rigidly it will respond e. Fascia is a combination of matrix and solids suspended in fluid

b. The abdomen has dense connective tissue fascia

Intersectionality refers to: a. The relationship between sex and gender b. The framework for understanding how aspects of a person's identiy (race, gender, class, sexuality, religion, appearance, etc) may combine to create unique discrimination and privilege. c. The relationship between race and social status. d. None of the above

b. The framework for understanding how aspects of a person's identiy (race, gender, class, sexuality, religion, appearance, etc) may combine to create unique discrimination and privilege.

Which is true regarding the medical management of pudendal neuralgia? a. Surgery should always be performed when pudendal neuralgia is suspected. b. There are many different options for treatment, including medications, injections, and surgeries. c. Any gynecologist will have adequate training to help a person with pudendal neuralgia d. Botox injections and nerve blocks offer little benefit to people with pudendal neuralgia.

b. There are many different options for treatment, including medications, injections, and surgeries.

Your patient presents with a 5 year history of pudendal neuralgia leading to avoidance of sitting, and severe pain. Which statement is likely true regarding this patient? a. They will likely be seen 1x/week for 6 visits before being discharged. b. They may require long-term rehabilitation and a multidisciplinary approach to their care. c. They likely will require surgery. d. It is unlikely that your treatment will be helpful to them.

b. They may require long-term rehabilitation and a multidisciplinary approach to their care.

In autogenic training, which key word is associated with muscular relaxation? a. warmth b. heaviness c. coolness d. precordial or chest pain

b. heaviness

Menopause is: a. average onset age 62 b. loss of follicular function of ovaries c. sign of declining sex drive in women d. delayed on average with hysterectomy e. first missed period in the 5th decade of life

b. loss of follicular function of ovaries

In an adult, bladder capacity ranges from: a. 50 to 100 ml b 200 to 300 ml c. 400 to 600 ml d 250 to 350 ml

c. 400 to 600 ml

What is the optimal anorectal angle for bowel emptying? a. 30-50 degrees b. 60-75 degrees c. 80-120 degrees d. None of the above

c. 80-120 degrees

Which of the following is not a symptom of constipation? a. Hard stool b. Skin eruptions c. Bleeding after bowel movements d. Decreased apetite

c. Bleeding after bowel movements

Which statement is true regarding treatment for anal incontinence after obstetric anal sphincter injury? a. After a surgical repair, 95% of people remain continence 10 years postoperatively. b. Biofeedback assisted training offers little benefit for people after anal sphincter injury c. Early pelvic floor rehabilitation after birth can reduce bowel and bladder leakage d. There are minimal treatment options for people experiencing bowel leakage after birth.

c. Early pelvic floor rehabilitation after birth can reduce bowel and bladder leakage

What statement is most accurate regarding surgery for endometriosis? a. Hysterectomy is curative of endometriosis b. All surgeries for endometriosis have low recurrence rates c. Excision often shows greater improvements compared to ablation, but is more invasive and requires more skill. d. Ablation should be a first line treatment for everyone with endometriosis

c. Excision often shows greater improvements compared to ablation, but is more invasive and requires more skill.

Which structures are located within the urogenital diaphragm? a. External anal sphincter b. Coccygeus c. External urethral sphincter d. Bulbospongiosus

c. External urethral sphincter

When performing an examination of the anorectal canal, which patient position may make optimal viewing difficult? a. Prone b. Sidelying c. Hooklying d. None of the above

c. Hooklying

Which diet involves eating foods that are high in fat and low in carbohydrates? a. FODMAPs diet b. Mediterranean diet c. Ketogenic diet d. Anti-inflammatory diet

c. Ketogenic diet

Your patient presents with vulvar pain and states that she has experienced bleeding after insertion during sexual activity. Upon examination, you notice whitening of her tissues, dehydration and thinning of her labia, and poor mobility of her clitoral prepuce. You suspect: a. Lichens Simplex Chronicus b. Lichen Planus c. Lichen Sclerosus d. Desquamative Inflammatory Vaginitis

c. Lichen Sclerosus

Treatment for PCOS may include all but: a. Metformin to manage insulin b. Diet focusing on low glycemic, lower carb content c. Oral contraceptives with supplemental androgens d. Exercise

c. Oral contraceptives with supplemental androgens

You are treating a patient with pudendal neuralgia who just received Botox injections in their pelvic floor muscles. When palpating their muscles internally after they return to pelvic floor PT, you expect to find: a. Complete flaccidity of their pelvic floor muscles b. Potassium Sensitivity Test (PST) c. Possible improvement in their muscle sensitivity d. None of the above.

c. Possible improvement in their muscle sensitivity

Your patient with constipation had anorectal manometry testing performed. They note that they did feel any urge to have a bowel movement until the balloon was filled to 200 mL. This is an example of: a. Normal rectal sensation b. Rectal hypersensitivity c. Rectal hyposensitivity d. Dyssynergia

c. Rectal hyposensitivity

Bladder leakage is less common in individuals with a penis, for several reasons. One of those reasons is: a. They have a thicker and stronger detrusor muscle of the bladder b. They have 2 additional muscles in the urogenital diaphragm to assist in bladder control c. The urethra is longer, with two curves, potentially traveling "uphill" in portions d. They have stronger pelvic floor muscles to assist in controlling urine

c. The urethra is longer, with two curves, potentially traveling "uphill" in portions

Endometriosis is caused by: a. Pesticide levels in blood b. Retrograde flow of menses c. Unknown definitive cause d. Lack of proper tissue migration e. Multiple abdominal surgeries

c. Unknown definitive cause

Trigger points or tender points within the abdominal muscles may produce all except which one of the following symptoms: a. feelings of abdominal fullness, nausea, and vomiting b. low back pain c. coccyx pain d. precordial or chest pain

c. coccyx pain

24. The prostate functions to: a. Produce a portion of semen contents b. Assist in ejaculation of semen c. Act as a muscular valve to prevent retrograde ejaculation/urination d. All of the above

d. All of the above

A patient with fecal incontinence after a vaginal birth may have which tests performed to determine the neurological and musculoskeletal function of her anal sphincters? a. Anal endosonography b. Pudendal nerve terminal motor latency testing c. Digital rectal examination d. All of the above

d. All of the above

The muscles of the superficial perineal pouch include: a. Ischiocavernosus b. Bulbocavernosus/bulbospongiosus c. External anal sphincter d. All of the above

d. All of the above

The pudendal nerve has a circuitous path, traveling: a. Under the piriformis b. Over the sacrospinous ligament c. Under the sacrotuberous ligament d. All of the above

d. All of the above

You are evaluating a patient with a history of fecal incontinence, who just had an overlapping sphincterplasty 5 weeks ago. Which of these factors may lead to you deferring your internal anorectal examination? a. The patient's physician has not yet cleared the patient for an internal examination b. The patient is very anxious about an internal examination, and seems hesitant. c. The patient tells you that they have been experiencing some bleeding during bowel movements over the past week. d. All of the above

d. All of the above

You evaluate a patient with rectal prolapse. Your treatment approach may include: a. Pelvic floor muscle strengthening b. Building a bowel routine c. Retraining coordination patterns for defecation d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Your patient reports that they struggle with IBS, which is mixed (diarrhea and constipation). Which of the following are potential causes of IBS? a. Gut-Brain-Axis Dysfunction b. Genetics c. Enteric infection d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Your patient with a diastasis rectus abdominis is concerned they have a hernia. What factors differentiate a diastasis rectus abdominis from a ventral hernia? a. Intact linea alba b. Absence of hernia sac c. No risk of intestinal strangulation d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Your patient with chronic pelvic pain is complaining of constipation. He notes that he has been taking hydrocodone to help his pelvic pain. He also has a job that requires long meetings and significant travel. Which of the following may be factors in his constipation? a. Travel & inconsistency in his bowel routine b. Opioid use c. Pelvic floor muscle overactivity d. All of the above

d. All of the above

A paravaginal defect refers to detachment of the pubocervical fascia from the ____________________. a. Arcus Tendinous Levator Ani (ATLA) b. Obturator Internus c. Pubovesical fascia d. Arcus Tendinous Fascia Pelvis (ATFP)

d. Arcus Tendinous Fascia Pelvis (ATFP)

What is the most accurate summary of the literature when describing use of digital palpation for diastasis assessment? a. Therapists should base clinical reasoning on measurements made with ultrasound b. Intra-rater (among the same therapist) reliability is poor with use of digital palpation c. In order to close the diastasis, accurate measurements are needed, and digital palpation is not clinically useful d. Digital palpation can provide information that contributes to development of a plan of care

d. Digital palpation can provide information that contributes to development of a plan of care

Which diet is most helpful for people with irritable bowel syndrome? a. FODMAP diet b. Ketogenic diet c. Gluten free diet d. It depends on the patient's specific situation.

d. It depends on the patient's specific situation.

Which of these is not a treatment for fecal incontinence? a. Anal plugs b. Fiber supplementation c. Sacral nerve stimulation d. None of the above (all are treatments used for fecal incontinence)

d. None of the above (all are treatments used for fecal incontinence)

Your patient reports episodes of sharp, fleeting pain in the rectum, which lasts for 3-5 minutes, and often occurs at night. This is known as _________________. a. Levator ani syndrome b. Vaginismus c. Prostatodynia d. Proctalgia Fugax

d. Proctalgia Fugax

Your patient has overactivity of the pelvic floor muscles, anxiety disorder, and pain. You think she may be a candidate for pelvic floor relaxation techniques which include all of the following except: a. Jacobson (contract/relax) relaxation techniques b. autogenic (warm/heavy) relaxation techniques c. muscle discrimination techniques d. SEMG biofeedback muscle uptraining for strengthening

d. SEMG biofeedback muscle uptraining for strengthening

Vulvodynia is defined as vulvar discomfort, most often described as burning pain, occurring in the absence of relevant visible findings or a specific, clinically identifiable, neurologic disorder. It is NOT a. chronic yeast infection b. chronic bacterial infection c. subclinical HPV d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Painful bladder syndrome can be caused by: a. Endometriosis on or in the bladder b. Hyper innervation with cystitis c. Axons penetrating deep layers of urothelial cells may be compressed/impinged d. all the above

d. all the above

Cytokines are0: a. white blood cells that engulf and get rid of waste or a foreign body b. white blood cells that can kill host cells c. main white blood cell found in lymph, elevated in menopause d. small cell signalers, triggered by oxidative stress, link to autoimmunity e. detectable in high concentrations in most women

d. small cell signalers, triggered by oxidative stress, link to autoimmunity

Pelvic pain with endometriosis is frequently due to: a. Adhesions between organs causing abnormal relationships/pulling b. Irritable bowel syndrome c. Painful bladder syndrome d. Neural growth and entrapment in scarring and adhesion e. All the above

e. All the above

Signs of hypothyroidism are: a. Weight loss b. Ammenorhea c. Insomnia d. hirtuism e. Constipation

e. Constipation

Which is true of Endocrine Glands: a. Excrete through ducts b. One example is a salivary glands c. Inhibit dopamine to the Thalamus d. Do not affect sexual function e. One example is the Thyroid

e. One example is the Thyroid

Regarding the movement of organs in our bodies: a. Organs are fixed structures that do not move b. Organs have an internal movement called motility. c. Organs glide in relation to other structures and organs, called mobility d.. Organs demonstrate a significant range of motion, 2-5 inches average e. b and c

e. b and c

According to Simons and Travell Trigger Point Manual, which of the following muscles within the pelvic diaphragm layer could possibly refer pain to the coccyx and down the posterior thigh: A obturator internus B bulbocavernosus C. Ishiocavernosus D rectocavernosus

A obturator internus

What is the optimal number of voids within 24 hours?A. 5-7 B. 12-15 C. 9-12 D. 1-3

A. 5-7 *5-8 is also acceptable, my notes from class

The most accurate method of assessing diastasis recti is: A. Ultrasound B. Visual observation C. finger-width measurement D. calipers

A. Ultrasound

Splinting with your hand while voiding, double-voiding before leaving the toilet and avoiding constipation are techniques used in the: A. conservative behavioral management of pelvic organ prolapse B. conservative behavioral management of hyperreflexia C. conservative behavioral management of irritable bowel syndrome D. techniques involving the knack

A. conservative behavioral management of pelvic organ prolapse

Outcome measurements of the amount of urine leakage are best taken with: A. pad weight B. number of pads reported used C. bladder diary D. self reported by patient

A. pad weight

6. A Laycock evaluation of the PFM indicates that the patient can hold 6 contractions for 5 seconds at consistent strength grade of 3/5, followed by 10 quick contractions. How would you document this? A. 6/5//3//10 B. 5/10/3//6 C.3/6/10//5 D. 3/5/6//10

D. 3/5/6//10

Which of the following are potential contraindications for pelvic floor muscle internal assessment? A. 5 week post-op vaginal or rectal surgery B. active pelvic infection C. No prior pelvic exam D. All of the above

D. All of the above

In the supine, hooklying examination position, the structure located lateral to the perineal body is the: A. Coccyx B clitoris C pubis symphysis D. ischial Tuberosity

D. ischial Tuberosity

True or False. All patients with bowel diagnoses should take probiotics. True False

False

True or False. If you do not understand ways to make your clinic environment inclusive, it is reasonable to ask your patients and expect that they educate you. True False

False

True or False. There is a standard medical evaluation and test for pudendal nerve entrapment. True False

False

True or False. Understanding privilege, intersectionality, and concepts related to inclusivity are not related to the treatment clinicians provide their patients. True False

False

True or False. It is important to refer to a clinical nutritionist, naturopath, functional medicine provider, or other specialty if dietary recommendations begin to extend beyond general recommendations. True False

True

True or False. People with fecal incontinence often avoid seeking care due to reasons like embarrassment, beliefs that leakage is a normal part of aging, or concerns that there are no options for treatment. True False

True

True or False. Prebiotic fiber in soluble fiber helps to nourish the beneficial bacteria in the colon to aid in digestion. True False

True

True or False. The penis is suspended by a thick, triangular, fibroelastic tissue called the suspensory ligament of the penis. This can be injured and impact sexual function. True False

True

True or False. Using a patient's pronouns is important in providing respectful, patient-centered care. True False

True

Therapeutic exercises for patients with IC may include: a. Postural exercises, stretching and balancing of the thoracic and abdominal muscles using the Swiss ball, foam rollers. b. Kegel's and shortening contractions of the pelvic floor muscles. c. Strenuous bulging exercises of the pelvic floor muscles to lengthen them. d. Forced expiration breathing exercises.

a. Postural exercises, stretching and balancing of the thoracic and abdominal muscles using the Swiss ball, foam rollers.

A rapid plunge in this hormone initiates menstruation a. Progesterone b. Estrogen c. Insulin d. Testosterone

a. Progesterone

Your patient suffers from dyspareunia and vaginismus and has an active herpes infection. You suggest: a. She see her physician first to receive treatment for the herpes, then return for pelvic floor muscle evaluation and treatment when it is under control. b. She start today with aggressive internal pelvic floor trigger point therapy techniques and dilators because the herpes will run its own course regardless of meds. c. She put an ice pack over her perineum and then use electrical stimulation at 50hz for 20 minutes and then use dilators for stretching the muscles d. She see her physician for diflucon (yeast) medication

a. She see her physician first to receive treatment for the herpes, then return for pelvic floor muscle evaluation and treatment when it is under control.

Your patient has difficulty controlling their bowel urges, and you think they would benefit from retraining their rectoanal inhibitory reflex. To do this, you: a. Teach the patient to contract their external anal sphincter for at least 45-60 seconds b. Encourage the patient to eat regularly c. Teach the patient to perform quick contractions of their pelvic floor muscles when the urge occurs d. None of the above

a. Teach the patient to contract their external anal sphincter for at least 45-60 seconds

Which of the following is not true of the ovulatory phase of menses? a. The endometrium begins to shed b. Occurs around day 14 of the cycle c. Cilia of fimbria sweep egg into fallopian tube d. Follicle swells and ruptures e. None of the above

a. The endometrium begins to shed

Laxatives are often recommended for people with constipation. Which of these statements is accurate regarding laxative use? a. They can help establish an effective bowel routine, but should not be part of normal daily function. b. Suppositories are used to relax the anal sphincter and assist in defecation. c. Sodium phosphate laxatives are safe for long-term use d. There are no links between kidney dysfunction and laxatives.

a. They can help establish an effective bowel routine, but should not be part of normal daily function.

What is the best way to handle a situation when you "make a mistake" in providing inclusive care? a. End the patient session and refer the patient to a different provider. b. Apologize to the patient, correct yourself, then move forward with the appointment. c. Apologize profusely, multiple times within the session, and in subsequent sessions. d. Do not bring up the mistake, and simply continue your session.

b. Apologize to the patient, correct yourself, then move forward with the appointment.

Stronger pelvic floor muscles have been correlated with: a. increased sexual appreciation and improved orgasmic response b. inability to achieve orgasm c. vaginismus and pain with introital penetration d. longer labors

a. increased sexual appreciation and improved orgasmic response

What one statement of the following is true of the arcus tendineous of the levator ani: a. it provides attachment for the deepest layer of the pelvic floor muscles b. it is also know as the cardinal ligament c. it can be palpated along the coccygeus d. it attaches to the ischial tuberosity

a. it provides attachment for the deepest layer of the pelvic floor muscles