HY 121 Chapter 15

The former slaves defined freedom as the right to mobility, education, political participation, and ______________. Southern whites defined freedom as _____________, not a right. Northern Republicans believed freedom was the right of labor to _______________ and advance in society.

landownership, privilege, compete

More than 2,000 African-American men held public office during Reconstruction. They were elected into positions at all levels of government, including the _________________, the U.S. Senate, and as governor of ____________. This represented a fundamental shift in power in the ______________.

- House of Representatives - Louisiana - South

The ___________ survived in the rice kingdoms of South Carolina and Georgia, while __________ was preferred in Louisiana's sugar plantations. ____________ came to dominate in the cotton and tobacco regions of Virginia and North Carolina.

- task system - wage labor - sharecropping

Why did southerners oppose Reconstruction?

-Poor southern whites did not experience the improvement to their economic situation as they had hoped. -Southern whites could not accept the idea of blacks' equality. -Reconstruction governments were corrupt.

How did the Black Codes attempt to regulate the lives of former slaves?

-prohibited blacks from serving on juries -denied blacks the right to serve in state militias -not allowed blacks to vote -denied blacks right to testify in court against whites

The new state governments under the control of Republicans failed to improve life in the South during Reconstruction.

False

The Fourteenth Amendment established the principle of citizenship for all persons born in the United States and empowered the federal government to protect the rights of all Americans.

True

Identify the ways in which blacks celebrated their freedom.

by attending mass meetings and religious services by purchasing guns and alcohol by traveling

What does it reveal about the relationships between freed blacks and former slaveowners after emancipation?

-Freed blacks and former slaveowners still interacted frequently after emancipation. -Freed blacks no longer had to show reverence to their former owners

Identify the components of Andrew Johnson's plan for Presidential Reconstruction.

-abolition of slavery -pardon nearly all white southerners who took an --oath of allegiance to the Union -appointment of provisional governors -refusal to pay Confederate debts -repudiation of secession -state conventions to establish new, loyal state governments

Identify the statements that describe the objectives of the Freedmen's Bureau.

-establish schools for blacks -settle disputes between blacks and whites -secure equal treatment for blacks before the courts -provide aid to the poor and aged

Why did northern Republican support for Reconstruction diminish in the 1870s?

Many of the Radical Republicans who had established the Reconstruction plan had died. Many northerners believed that the South should be able to solve its own problems. Many believed that the federal government had created the conditions of freedom, and success was now up to blacks. Republicans began to face criticism from their constituencies about the cost of Reconstruction.

In what ways does the contract limit the freedom of the laborers?

The freedmen are contractually obligated to "obey" the landowner.

How did the new state constitutions drafted during Radical Reconstruction expand public responsibilities and provide for equal rights?

They established a state-funded free public education system. They created state-run and funded institutions like orphanages, prisons, and homes for the insane.

Identify the statements below that describe the Reconstruction amendments.

- consisted of three amendments, which ultimately led to the incorporation of black Americans into society as citizens - served as the constitutional basis for the civil rights movement of the 1960s

Identify the statements that describe sharecropping.

-required farmers to divide the crop with the landowner at the end of the year -preferred by former slaves because it allowed them to work without white supervision -guaranteed planters a stable labor force -a compromise between blacks' desire for landownership and whites' need to discipline their labor force

Carpetbaggers

Their name suggests they packed all of their belongings in a suitcase and left their homes eager to take advantage of opportunities in the South. Northern whites relocated to the South after the Civil War. Southern whites believed they had come simply for economic gain.

scalawags

These were wartime Unionists who cooperated with the Republicans to prevent "rebels" from returning to power. Southern whites supported the Republican Party and were believed to be traitors to their race by many southern whites.

Identify the groups the Ku Klux Klan targeted.

blacks who became landowners African-American political leaders white Republicans teachers

Identify the provisions of the Radical plan for Reconstruction.

creation of new state governments, temporary division of the South into military districts, state guarantees of black men's right to vote, the Fourteenth Amendment