IB ESS Topic 8.1 births, deaths and fertility

Doubling Time

Doubling time is the number of years it would take a population to double its size at its current growth rate.

Fertility Rate

Fertility rate is the number of live births per 1000 women aged 15-44 years in a given year.

Replacement-level Fertility

Replacement-level fertility is the level at which the people in each generation have just enough children to replace themselves in the population. Although the level varies for different populations, a total fertility rate of 2.12 children is usually considered as the replacement level.

Maternal Mortality Rate

The annual number of deaths of woman from pregnancy-related causes per 1000 live births.

Crude Birth Rate

The crude birth rate is the number of live births in a country or region per thousand population in a year.

Crude Death Rate

The crude death rate is the number of deaths in a country or region per thousand population in a year.

Child Mortality

The number of deaths of children aged under 5 per 1000 live birth in a given year.

Rate of Natural Change

The rate of natural change is the difference between the birth rate and the death rate. This is usually positive (natural increase) but may also be negative (natural decrease).

Total Fertility Rate

Total fertility rate is the average number of children that would be born alive to a woman (or group of women) during her lifetime, if she were to pass through her childbearing years confirming to the age-specific fertility rates of a given year.