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Association neurons or interneurons live where and do what?

Association neurons or interneurons live in the central nervous system and transmit impulses between afferent and efferent neurons

Satellite cells are to the peripheral nervous system as BLANK is to the central nervous system.

Astrocytes

what are astrocytes responsible for?

Astrocytes anchor neurons to blood supply and govern exchange of materials between neurons and capillaries

What are the different types of glial cells in the central nervous system?

Astrocytes, microglial cells, ependymal cells, and oligodendrocytes

what are the two main departments of the nervous system?

Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

What is membrane potential?

Difference of electrical charge between inside and outside of the membrane

what is action potential?

Action potential is a brief event where the electrical potential of a cell rapidly rises and falls

what are afferent neurons responsible for?

Afferent neurons carry things to send to a central point, they are used to carry messages from the peripheral nervous system to the central nervous system about external stimuli

what do afferent neurons do in the central nervous system?

Afferent neurons within the central nervous system bring info into special parts of the brain

what are the two types of neurons?

Afferent or sensor and efferent or motor

what are ependymal cells?

Ependymal cells Are glial cells in the central nervous system that line cavities in your brain and spinal cord and create secrete and circulate cerebrospinal fluid that fills the cavities and cushions organs

The balance between your parasympathetic division and your sympathetic division is called what?

Homeostasis

Schwann cells are to the peripheral nervous system as BLANK is to the central nervous system.

Oligodendrocytes

what glial cell wraps around neurons producing insulating barriers called the myelin sheath?

Oligodendrocytes

What is resting potential and what is the voltage at resting potential?

Resting potential is when neurons are inactive, and the voltage is -70 millivolts

What is it called when signals hop from node a node?

Saltatory conduction

what are the two peripheral nervous system glial cells called?

Satellite cells and Schwann cells

satellite cells do what in the peripheral nervous system?

Satellite cells surround and support neuron cell bodies like astrocytes in the central nervous system

Schwann cells do what in the peripheral nervous system?

Schwann cells wrap around axons to create the myelin sheath

what does sensory input allow you to do?

Sensory input allows you to feel when something touches you ... like feeling a spider crawl on your skin

What are the three principle functions of neurons?

Sensory input, integration, and motor output

The cell body of a neuron is also referred to as BLANK.

Soma

What are the two systems within the peripheral nervous system?

Somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system

what are the two autonomic nervous system parts?

Sympathetic division and parasympathetic division

what does the autonomic nervous system do?

The autonomic nervous system controls things your body does without thinking like your heartbeat digestion and breathing

Where is the central nervous system located?

The brain and spinal cord

what is the central nervous system responsible for?

The central nervous system is responsible for analyzing and interpreting the data your PNS collects and sends its way

what do your efferent neurons do with in the central nervous system?

efferent neurons carry info from one part of the brain or spinal cord to another part of the brain or spinal cord

what are efferent neurons responsible for?

efferent neurons carry things away from a central point

what does integration do?

integration takes the sensory input and decides what to do about it ... like deciding if you should remove a spider from your leg or hit a spider that is on your leg

motor neurons are mostly multipolar or unipolar?

multipolar

what are nerves?

nerves are pathways that transmit electrochemical signals from one part of the body to another

give an example of when the reflex loop would come in handy.

the reflex loop would come in handy when your hand is on a hot stove and needs to be moved quickly

What is the parasympathetic division responsible for in your autonomic nervous system?

your parasympathetic division is responsible for chilling you out and does things like slow your heart rate and lower your blood pressure.

what is the sympathetic division responsible for in your autonomic nervous system?

your sympathetic division is responsible for your fight or flight response, things like stress. It prepares you for action by increasing heart rate and blood pressure.

what is the difference between ion channels and the sodium potassium pump?

Ion channels do not need ATP to power themselves

what do ion channels do when action potential is happening?

Ion channels open letting positive sodium ions rush inside making the membrane less negative

where Ion channels located?

Ion channels straddle the membrane

where is the peripheral nervous system located?

It is responsible for all nerves outside of the brain and spine

what glial cell is responsible for immune defense against invading microorganisms in the brain and spinal cord?

Microglial cells

What is motor output?

Motor output is the response that occurs when your nervous system activates a certain part of your body ... like doing the actual action removing a spider from your leg or hitting a spider that is on your leg

Association neurons are mostly multipolar or unipolar?

Multipolar

Neurons bundled together to form what?

Nerve

What three things do all neurons have in common?

Neurons are some of the longest living cells in your body, neurons are irreplaceable, neurons have a huge appetite

what is the reflex loop?

The reflex loop allows the spinal cord to make decisions without checking with the brain

what kind of charge does the sodium potassium pump create in the cell?

The sodium potassium pump creates a negative net charge inside the cell

what does the sodium potassium pump do?

The sodium potassium pump moves three positive sodium ions out for every 2 negative potassium ions in

what Does the somatic nervous system Control?

The somatic nervous system controls the stuff you think about doing, like moving your body when you want to make it move

what do efferent neurons do in the peripheral nervous system?

They carry info from the brain to muscles and go to other organs to keep them moving

what is the purpose of the nodes of Ranvier?

They let signals hop from node to node allowing it to travel faster down the nerve

Are most sensory cells unipolar or multipolar?

Unipolar

What is the most abundant glial cell in the central nervous system?

astrocytes