Immune

Tyler Harris, a 5-year-old male, has recovered from an anaphylactic reaction which brought him to the ED 3 weeks ago. Tyler has begun sensitivity testing to determine the allergen which caused his anaphylactic reaction. In scratch testing, which part of the body is more sensitive to allergens?

back

A nurse would perform handwashing instead of using an alcohol-based product for which situation?

When hands are visibly soiled from client care

The nurse is aware that the most prevalent cause of immunodeficiency worldwide is

malnutrition

A client presents at the clinic with an allergic disorder. The client asks the nurse what an "allergic disorder" means. What would be the nurse's best response?

"It is a hyperimmune response to something in the environment that is usually harmless."

A child has just been diagnosed with a primary immune deficiency. The parents state, "Oh, no. Our child has AIDS." Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate?

"Although AIDS is an immune deficiency, your child's condition is different from AIDS."

The nurse is caring for a patient diagnose with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). A family member asks what causes SARS. Which of the following responses by the nurse is accurate?

"Coronavirus"

The nurse is instructing the family on home care of a patient with shingles. The family member asks if their teenage children should stay in a different room. What is the best response by the nurse?

"Have they had chickenpox or the varicella vaccine?"

A nurse is assessing a woman with vaginal discharge. The nurse suspects bacterial vaginosis when the client states which of the following?

"I noticed a strange fishy odor during my period."

A client with rheumatoid arthritis arrives at the clinic for a checkup. Which statement by the client refers to the most overt clinical manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis?

"My finger joints are oddly shaped."

A client is diagnosed with a viral illness and requests an antibiotic to "cure" his illness. When the request is refused by the physician, the client states to the nurse, "I will never get better."What is the best response by the nurse?

"Prescribing antibiotics for a viral infection may result in drug-resistant bacteria."

A client suspected of having systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is being scheduled for testing. She asks which of the tests ordered will determine if she is positive for the disorder. Which statement by the nurse is most accurate?

"The diagnosis won't be based on the findings of a single test but by combining all data found."

A 36-year-old patient is in the clinic for an annual physical. The patient asks the nurse "should I get a flu shot." Which of the following is the best response by the nurse?

"The flu shot is recommended for people over 6 months of age."

A parent of a child who has been having frequent bouts of tonsillitis brings the child back to the clinic for another sore throat. The parent asks the nurse, "What are tonsils good for anyway?" What is the best response by the nurse?

"These tissues filter bacteria from tissue fluid."

The nurse is teaching a patient about her rheumatic disease. What statement best helps to explain "autoimmunity"?

"Your symptoms are a result of your body attacking itself."

A patient diagnosed with influenza is admitted to the hospital. Which of the following transmission-based precautions should the nurse initiate?

*Influenza is transmitted via droplets. *Tuberculosis and varicella would qualify for airborne precautions. *Contact are used for organisms that are transmitted by skin-to-skin contact. *Neutropenic (or reverse) precautions are used for immunosuppressed patients.

While interviewing a client with an allergic disorder, the client tells the nurse that he is allergic to animal dander. The nurse interprets this substance as which of the following?

Complete protein antigen

The maximum intensity of histamine following antigen contact, occurs within which timeframe?

15 minutes

When a nurse infuses gamma globulin intravenously, the rate should not exceed

3 mL/min

A client is beginning highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The client demonstrates an understanding of the need for follow up when he schedules a return visit for viral load testing at which time?

6 weeks

A client has been hospitalized for diagnostic testing. The client has just been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, which the physician explains is an autoimmune disorder. How would the nurse explain an autoimmune disease to the client?

A disorder where killer T cells and autoantibodies attack or destroy natural cells—those cells that are "self."

Atopic allergic disorders are characterized by which of the following?

A hereditary predisposition

A client has been admitted with primary syphilis. Which signs or symptoms should the nurse expect to see with this diagnosis?

A painless genital ulcer that appeared about 3 weeks after unprotected sex

While visiting the pediatric clinic with her 2 year old, a mother picks up a brochure about immunizations and asks about active and passive acquired immunity to childhood diseases. The nurse explains that immunizations are which of the following and why?

Active acquired immunity, because the person's own body develops defenses

A nurse educator is preparing to discuss immunodeficiency disorders with a group of fellow nurses. What would the nurse identify as the most common secondary immunodeficiency disorder?

AIDS

A nurse is developing a plan of care for a female client experiencing her first outbreak of genital herpes. Which nursing diagnosis would the nurse most likely identify as the priority?

Acute pain related to the development of the genital lesions

Which of the following medications are used to suppress viral load of the HSV-2 infection?

Acyclovir (Zovirax)

A client is experiencing an acute exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis. What should the nursing priority be?

Administering ordered analgesics and monitoring their effects

A client is diagnosed with a methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection. When developing the client's plan of care, the nurse would include which of the following?

Administration of prescribed vancomycin

A patient is prescribed an oral corticosteroid for 2 weeks for relief of asthma symptoms. The nurse instructs the patient that side effects include which of the following?

Adrenal suppression

You are a school nurse teaching a health class about the chain of infection in the transmission of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). A student asks you which part of the chain of infection can be missing when transmission occurs. What would be your best answer?

All parts of the chain of infection have to be present for the disease to be passed to another human."

The side effect of bone marrow depression may occur with which medication used to treat gout?

Allopurinol (Zyloprim). A patient taking Zyloprim needs to be monitored for the side effects of bone marrow depression, vomiting, and abdominal pain.

A nurse is having a yearly employee tuberculin skin test. Which skin test results would indicate a positive result?

An induration of 12mm

A client is admitted with bacterial meningitis. Which hospital room is the best choice for this client?

An isolation room three doors from the nurses' station

A client who is HIV positive is taking zidovudine. Which adverse effects should the nurse closely monitor for in this client?

Anemia and granulocytopenia

The nurse observes diffuse swelling involving the deeper skin layers in a patient who has experienced an allergic reaction. The nurse would correctly document this finding as which of the following?

Angioneurotic edema

Which of the following is an appropriate nursing intervention in the care of the patient with osteoarthritis?

Encourage weight loss and an increase in aerobic activity.

You are caring for a client with an impaired immune system. You are concerned about the client acquiring a nosocomial infection. What intervention would help nurses control nosocomial infections?

Apply principles of medical and surgical asepsis.

The nurse observes a physician leave the room of a patient in isolation for Clostridium difficile (C. difficile). The physician uses the alcohol-based hand sanitizer hanging on the wall to wash her hands and leaves the door open. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Ask the physician to wash her hands with soap and water.

What is the priority intervention for a patient who has been admitted repeatedly with attacks of gout?

Assess dietary diet and activity at home

The best treatment for latex allergy includes which of the following?

Avoidance of latex-based products

A client with a history of allergic rhinitis comes to the clinic for an evaluation. The client is prescribed triamcinolone. Which of the following would the nurse include when teaching the client about this drug?

Be aware that some nasal burning and itching may occur.

Diagnosis of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is made by which of the following?

Biopsy

Agammaglobulinemia is also known as

Burton's Disease

The nurse is providing discharge instructions to a female client following inpatient therapy for a gonorrhea infection. The client is being discharged on doxycycline (Vibramycin) for 7 days. Which nursing instruction is essential for a therapeutic outcome?

Complete all prescribed medication.

Which of the following is usually the most important consideration in decisions to initiate antiretroviral therapy?

CD4 counts

A client taking abacavir (ABC) has developed fever and rash. What is the priority nursing action?

Call MD

A client is diagnosed with atopic dermatitis and asks the nurse why her skin is so dry and itchy. The nurse integrates knowledge of which of the following as the primary reason when responding to the client?

Changes in lipid content

A client is to self-administer intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in the home. Which of the following would be most important for the client do first?

Check the IV device patency

The nurse intervenes to assist the patient with fibromyalgia to cope with what symptoms?

Chronic fatigue, generalized muscle aching, and stiffness

The nurse is evaluating the plan of care for a client with an allergic disorder who has a nursing diagnosis of deficient knowledge related to measures for allergy control. Which of the following would indicate to the nurse that the outcome has been met?

Client identifies methods for reducing exposure risk to allergens.

Which of the following would be consistent with the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis?

Cloudy synovial fluid

Which of the following is a term used to describe microorganisms present without host interference or interaction?

Colonization

Which of the following terms refers to a state of microorganisms being present within a host without causing host interference or interaction?

Colonization

A client with a primary immunodeficiency is undergoing genetic testing. This testing would be of least benefit in identifying which condition?

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)

More than 50% of individuals with this disease develop pernicious anemia:

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)

Which of the following is a plasma protein associated with the immunologic reaction?

Complement

A client with allergic rhinitis is prescribed a mast cell stabilizer. Which of the following would the nurse expect to be used?

Cromolyn sodium

Which of the following is the most frequent route of exposure to a latex allergy?

Cutaneous

Which type of hypersensitivity occurs when the system mistakenly identifies a normal constituent of the body as foreign?

Cytotoxic

Which of the following is associated with impaired immunity relating to the aging patient?

Decreased renal function

A client with an allergic disorder calls the nurse and asks what treatment is available for allergic disorders. The nurse explains to the client that there is more than one treatment available. What treatments would the nurse tell the client about?

Desensitization is a form of immunotherapy in which a person receives weekly or twice-weekly injections of dilute but increasingly higher concentrations of an allergen without interruption.

Which blood test confirms the presence of antibodies to HIV?

ELISA, as well as Western blot assay, identifies and confirms the presence of antibodies to HIV.

A school nurse is talking about infection with a high school health class. What would be the nurse's best explanation of the process of phagocytosis?

Engulfment and digestion of bacteria and foreign material

A client with chronic renal failure has begun treatment with a colony-stimulating factor. What medication does the nurse anticipate administering to the client that will promote the production of blood cells?

Epoetin alfa (Epogen)

A nurse assesses a client in the physician's office. Which assessment findings support a suspicion of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?

Facial erythema, pericarditis, pleuritis, fever, and weight loss

The client with rheumatoid arthritis has a red blood cell count of 3.2 cells/cu mm. Which nursing diagnosis has the highest priority for the client?

Fatigue

Nursing students are reviewing various medications that can be used to treat allergic disorders. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which of the following as an intranasal corticosteroid?

Fluticasone

After teaching a group of students about sexually transmitted infections (STIs), the instructor determines that additional teaching is necessary when the students identify which STI as curable with treatment?

Genital herpes

A client is hospitalized with a Clostridium difficile infection. Which of the following would the nurse include when providing care to this client?

Gloves and gowns for all client contact

The nurse teaches the patient that the presence of crystals in his or her synovial fluid obtained from an arthrocentesis confirms which disease process?

Gout

A woman infected with HIV comes into the clinic. What symptoms may be the focus of a medical complaint in women infected with HIV?

Gynecologic problems

When learning about HIV/AIDS, the student should be able to differentiate the two subtypes of virus by ____.

HIV-1 is more prevalent than HIV-2 subtypes

Which of the following is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) among young, sexually active people?

HPV

Which of the following suggests to the nurse that the client with systemic lupus erythematous is having renal involvement?

HTN

Which of the following terms refers to an incomplete antigen?

Hapten

Which of the following indicates that a client with HIV has developed AIDS?

Herpes simplex ulcer persisting for 2 months

A newborn has been diagnosed with DiGeorge syndrome. Which of the following would the nurse least likely expect to assess?

Hypercalcemia

Which type of phagocytic disorder occurs when white blood cells cannot initiate an inflammatory response to infectious organisms?

Hyperimmunoglobulinemia

Infants with DiGeorge syndrome have which type of endocrine disorder?

Hypoparathyroidism

Max Thornton, a 24-year-old chef, is being seen by a physician at the urology group where you practice nursing. He has developed a painless ulcer on his penis and is rather concerned about his health. The urologist will be communicating his diagnosis of syphilis and prescribing treatment. What would you expect the physician prescribe as treatment?

IV penicillin G—single dose

When describing the immunoglobulin most likely involved with allergic reactions, which of the following would the nurse address?

IgE

The nurse is completing the admission assessment on a patient with renal failure. The patient states, "I was diagnosed with impetigo yesterday." Which of the following is the appropriate nursing intervention?

Impetigo is a bacterial infection transmitted via contact. Therefore, the nurse should initiate contact isolation protocol.

A patient presents with vulvar itching and diffuse green vaginal discharge. Upon evaluation, she is prescribed metronidazole (Flagyl). What is the paramount nursing intervention in discharge planning?

Instruct the patient not to drink alcohol with this treatment.

Scleroderma typically begins with which system involvement?

Integumentary

The nurse working in an allergy clinic is preparing to administer skin testing to a patient. Which of the following routes is the safest for the nurse to use to administer the solution?

Intradermal

Which of the following aid in diagnosing the risk of anaphylaxis?

Intradermal testing

Which of the following statements is accurate regarding osteoarthritis?

It is a noninflammatory disorder and the most common and frequently disabling of joint disorders.

Which of the following points should be included in the medication-teaching plan for a patient taking adalimumab (Humira)?

It is important to monitor for injection site reactions. The medication is injected subcutaneously and must be refrigerated. The medication should be withheld if fever occurs.

What should the nurse teach the patient about the diagnosis of osteoarthritis?

It is the most common and frequently disabling of joint disorders."

After teaching a client how to self-administer epinephrine, the nurse determines that the teaching plan has been successful when the client demonstrates which of the following?

Jabs the autoinjector into the outer thigh at a 90-degree angle

Which findings best correlate with a diagnosis of osteoarthritis?

Joint stiffness that decreases with activity

Which of the following are chemical mediators that initiate and mediate the inflammatory response?

Leukotrienes

Which of the following is a group of mediators that initiate the inflammatory response?

Leukotrienes

Painless chancre lesions are associated with which systemic disease?

Syphilis

Which cells present the antigen to the T cells and initiate the immune response?

Macrophages

The nurse is completing a community education via a pamphlet on sexually transmitted diseases. Which key point would the nurse place in bold letters?

Many people are asymptomatic and show no symptoms contributing to the spread of the disease.

Flu and cold season offers excellent examples of physiologic reflexes to ward off illness. One problem is that an effective mechanical defense for one person can complete a link in the chain of infection for someone else. To which link is the above referring?

Means of transmission

A patient with severe combined immunodeficiency disease is receiving immunosuppression therapy to ensure engraftment of depleted bone marrow during transplantation procedures. What is the priority nursing care for this patient?

Meticulous infection control precautions

Which of the following is the most effective treatment for trichomoniasis?

Metronidazole (Flagyl)

The six elements necessary for infection include a causative organism, a reservoir of available organisms, a portal or mode of exit from the reservoir, a mode of transmission from reservoir to host, a susceptible host, in addition to which of the following?

Mode of entry to host

The nurse is required to manage and minimize sepsis in a patient with severe infection. Which of the following would be an appropriate nursing intervention?

Monitor the patient's vital signs.

Your client was admitted to your unit for observation regarding possible sepsis. As her nurse, you monitor her carefully and are to report any suspicious findings, which could indicate the development of systemic infection. What would be your primary nursing tasks in this effort?

Monitor your client's vital signs. *Clients who are septic will exhibit two or more of the following: * Temp greater than 100.4°F or less than 96.8°F , * HR greater than 90 bpm, *RR greater than 20 or *PaCO2 less than 32 mm Hg, *WBC count greater than 12,000 cells/mm3 or 10% immature (band) forms

Which route of exposure to latex products occurs from use of latex condoms?

Mucosal

A patient with rheumatoid arthritis is complaining of joint pain. What intervention is a priority to assist the patient?

NSAID's

Julie Sexton, a 42-year-old colleague at the hospital where you practice nursing, has developed a latex allergy and now uses latex-free purple gloves to avoid a hypersensitivity response. What in Julie's reaction to latex differs from all other types of hypersensitivity responses?

No antibody production

Which of the following allergies is responsible for most severe food allergy reactions?

Peanuts

Which of the following is the medication of choice for early syphilis?

Penicillin G benzathine

What is the most common cause of anaphylaxis?

PCN

Which route of exposure to latex products occurs from use of hemodialysis equipment?

Parenteral

Nursing care for the patient with fibromyalgia should be guided by what assumption?

Patients with fibromyalgia may feel as if their symptoms are not taken seriously.

A client with suspected exposure to HIV has been tested with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with positive results twice. What is the next step for the nurse to explain to the patient for confirmation of the diagnosis?

Perform a Western blot test for confirmation of diagnosis. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test, an initial HIV screening test, is positive when there are sufficient HIV antibodies; it also is positive when there are antibodies from other infectious diseases. The test is repeated if results are positive. If results of a second ELISA test are positive, the Western blot is performed.

A majority of patients with CVID develop which type of anemia?

Pernicious

The nurse working the medical-surgical floor knows that the nitroblue tetrazolium reductase (NTR) test is used to diagnose immunodeficiency disorders related to

Phagocytic cells

What intervention is a priority for a patient diagnosed with osteoarthritis?

Physical therapy and exercise

A client with influenza is admitted to an acute care facility. The nurse monitors the client closely for complications. What is the most common complication of influenza?

Pneumonia

A client is in the acute care facility for the administration of intravenous (IV) antibiotics to treat bacterial pneumonia. The client begins to have severe diarrhea 3 days after the IV antibiotics with abdominal cramping and pain. What does the nurse suspect the client has developed due to the antibiotic use?

Pseudomembranous colitis. When a client is taking an antibiotic, a superinfection can result from overgrowth of microorganisms not affected by the drug. This can lead to a serious inflammation of the colon called pseudomembranous colitis accompanied by potentially life-threatening diarrhea. Report fever, abdominal cramps, and severe diarrhea immediately.

Which diagnostic study is decreased in patient diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis?

RBC count

Nursing students are reviewing the pathophysiology of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). They demonstrate understanding of the information when they state which of the following as containing the genetic viral material?

RNA

A client comes to the clinic and informs the nurse that he feels as though he has allergies. What laboratory test results will be a positive indicator for an allergic disorder?

Radioallergosorbent blood test (RAST) of 3

The nurse working in the ED is asked to explain allergy testing to a patient who experienced an allergic reaction to an unknown allergen. Which test indicates the quantity of allergen necessary to evoke an allergic reaction?

Radioallergosorbent testing (RAST)

When assessing a client with infectious diarrhea, which of the following would lead the nurse to suspect that the client is experiencing severe dehydration?

Rapid, thready pulse

Which diagnostic study finding is decreased in patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis?

Red blood cell count

DeShawn, a 17-year-old high school student, has been seeing an allergist for 6 months for treatment of allergies. His allergies have been insufficiently controlled by symptomatic treatments and his health care provider has suggested desensitization. Which of the following is the anticipated outcome of desensitization?

Repeated exposure to the weak antigen promotes the production of IgG, an antibody that blocks IgE so it cannot stimulate mast cells.

A patient complains of nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea for 5 days. The nurse assesses the mucous membranes to be pale and dry. The patient has sunken eyes with the following vital signs: pulse 122 and thready, respirations 23, blood pressure 78/55, temperature 101.8°F oral. Which of the following is the priority nursing intervention?

Request an order from the physician for IV rehydration therapy.

The nurse is completing the intake assessment of a patient new to the allergy clinic. The patient states that he was taking nose drops six times a day to relieve his nasal congestion. The nasal congestion increased, causing him to increase his usage of the nasal spray to eight times a day. But again the congestion worsened. The nurse communicates to the health care provider that the patient experienced which of the following?

Rhinitis medicamentosa

Which of the following disorder is characterized by a butterfly-shaped rash across the bridge of the nose and cheeks?

SLE

Which of the following acts as a potent vasoconstrictor and causes contraction of bronchial smooth muscle?

Serotonin

Which organism is responsible for impetigo?

Staphylococcus aureus

Which of the following disorders is characterized by an increased autoantibody production?

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

The anatomy and physiology instructor is explaining a cell-mediated response to the pre-nursing students. What actions would the instructor explain occur in a cell-mediated response?

T-cell lymphocytes survey proteins in the body and attack the invading antigens.

A female client comes to the clinic and tells the nurse, "I think I have another vaginal infection and I also have some wartlike lesions on my vagina. This is happening quite often."What should the nurse consult with the physician regarding?

Testing the client for the presence of HIV

The nurse has been teaching a client with genital herpes how to care for the lesions. Which of the following statements by the client indicates that she needs additional instruction?

The client should wear loose, cotton underwear to promote cleanliness and dryness in the genital area. Sitz baths can promote cleanliness and decrease inflammation in the area. A hair dryer, set on a cool setting, can be used to carefully dry the lesions in the perineal area. Drinking plenty of fluids is advised to decrease dysuria, which accompanies genital herpes.

A client has been diagnosed with AIDS and tuberculosis (TB). A nursing student asks the nurse why the client's skin test for TB is negative if the client's physician has diagnosed TB. The nurse's correct reply is which of the following?

The client's immune system cannot mount a response to the skin test.

Which statement reflects what is known about the Ebola and Marburg viruses?

The diagnosis should be considered in a patient who has a febrile, hemorrhagic illness after traveling to Asia or Africa.

Nursing students are reviewing information about infectious diseases and events associated with infection. Students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify the incubation period as which of the following?

The incubation period is time between contact or exposure and the development of the first signs and symptoms. The presence of microorganisms without the host interacting with them is called colonization. The state in which the host displays a decrease in wellness characterizes an infectious disease. The process of the host shedding the microorganisms to another reflects the mode of exit.

The client comes to the clinic to obtain the results from the test to determine if he is infected with HIV. The physician informs the client that he has a CD4 cell count of 300 cells/mm3 and a high viral load. What does the nurse anticipate the physician will discuss with the client?

The initiation of antiretroviral therapy

Which of the following is the most common joint affected in gout?

The metatarsophalangeal joint of the big toe is the most commonly affected joint (90% of patients), and this is referred to as podagra.

A nurse is assessing a patient with a primary immunodeficiency. Afterward she documents that the patient displayed ataxia. Which of the following statements explains the documentation?

The patient has uncoordinated muscle movements.

A client is scheduled to have a prick test to determine what specific allergens are creating problems for the client. What should the nurse inform the client is involved with the testing?

The skin will be scratched, and applying a small amount of the liquid test antigen to the scratch, usually on the back.

Which of the following statements describes the clinical manifestations of a delayed hypersensitivity (type IV) allergic reaction to latex?

They are localized to the area of exposure, usually the back of the hands.

The nurse is obtaining an assessment and health history from the parents of a 6-month-old infant with an elevated temperature. Which statement by the parents will alert the nurse to a possible immunodeficiency disorder?

This is the third infection with a high fever the baby has had in the past month."

A major manifestation of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome includes which of the following?

Thrombocytopenia

Which of the following is an accumulation of crystalline depositions in articular surfaces, bones, soft tissue, and cartilage?

Tophi

Which of the following statements reflects the treatment of HIV infection?

Treatment of HIV infection for an individual patient is based on the clinical condition of the patient, CD4 T cell count level, and HIV RNA (viral load).

The nurse is caring for a patient who is being treated for fibromyalgia. What intervention will best assist the patient to restore normal sleep patterns?

Tricyclic antidepressants

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction involves immune complexes formed when antigens bind to antibodies?

Type III

Which of the following statements holds true for a client with untreated genital warts?

Untreated genital warts may resolve on their own, remain unchanged, or increase in size or number.

Which of the following is a contraindication for immunotherapy?

Use of BB

A nurse has developed irritant contact dermatitis from latex glove use. Which of the following would the nurse need to avoid?

Using oil-based hand lotion before donning gloves

Telangiectasia is the term that refers to

Vascular lesions caused by dilated blood vessels

After demonstrating to a group of nursing students the proper technique for handwashing using soap and water, the nursing instructor determines that the teaching has been successful when the students demonstrate which of the following?

Vigorously scrubbing between the fingers Correct

A client has been diagnosed with HIV and has been placed on antiretroviral therapy. What does the nurse inform the client will be required for determining the progression of the disease as well as guiding drug therapy?

Viral load and T4-cell counts will be performed every 2 to 3 months.

Which of the following newer pharmacological therapies, used for the treatment of osteoarthritis, is thought to improve cartilage function and retard degradation as well as have some anti-inflammatory effects?

Viscosupplementation

A patient is placed in isolation for suspected tuberculosis. Which of the following actions should the nurse take when entering the patient's room?

Wear an N-95 respirator.

A client is scheduled to begin immunotherapy. The nurse would explain that the client will receive injections initially at which interval

Weekly. Typically, immunotherapy begins with very small amounts and gradually increases, usually at weekly intervals until a maximum tolerated dose is attained. Then maintenance booster injections are administered at 2- to 4-week intervals, frequently for a period of several years.

A client with suspected HIV has had two positive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests. What diagnostic test would be run next?

Western Blot

How often should women diagnosed with human papillomavirus (HPV) have Pap smears?

Yearly

Which of the following nursing instructions is most important for the nurse to emphasize to the client with a new HSV-2 diagnosis?

You must inform all sexual partners.

The nurse is caring for a client with an abscess on his back. The nurse observes purulent drainage coming from the abscess. What type of specimen does the nurse anticipate the physician will order to determine the type of bacteria present in the exudate?

a culture

A treatment option for SCID includes

a stem cell transplant.

A nurse visits the employee health department because of mild itching and a rash on both hands. During the assessment interview, the employee health nurse should focus on:

chemical and latex glove use.

Symptoms of pelvic infection usually begin with which of the following?

dyspareunia (painful sexual intercourse)

When administering intravenous gamma globulin infusion, the nurse recognizes that which of the following complaints, if reported by the client, may indicate an adverse effect of the infusion?

flank pn

Which of the following would a nurse be least likely to identify as a cause of secondary immunodeficiency?

genetics

Which of the following protective responses begin with the B lymphocytes?

humoral

A college student comes to the campus health care center complaining of headache, malaise, and a sore throat that has worsened over the past 10 days. The nurse measures a temperature of 102.6° F (39.2° C) and finds an enlarged spleen and liver and exudative tonsillitis. Laboratory tests reveal a leukocyte count of 20,000/mm3, antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus, and abnormal liver function tests. These findings suggest:

infectious mononucleosis.

What organ is considered lymphoid tissue?

spleen

During chemotherapy for lymphocytic leukemia, a client develops abdominal pain, fever, and "horse barn"-smelling diarrhea. It would be most important for the nurse to advise the physician to order:

stools for a Clostridium difficile test.

The nurse teaches the parent of the child with chickenpox that the child is no longer contagious to others when

the vesicles and pustules have crusted.

T-cell deficiency occurs when which of the following glands fails to develop normally during embryogenesis?

thymus

The nurse is caring for a patient who has been diagnosed with "rheumatic disease." What nursing diagnoses will most likely apply to this patient's care? Select all that apply

• Fatigue • Pain • Alteration in self-concept • Fluid and electrolyte imbalance

The majority of patient with primary immunodeficiency are in which age group?

younger than 20

While reviewing the medication history of a client with allergic rhinitis, the nurse notes that the client has used several different antihistamines. Which of the following would the nurse identify as a first-generation H1 blocker?

• Hydroxyzine• Chlorpheniramine. First-generation H1 blockers include diphenhydramine, chlorpheniramine, and hydroxyzine.

Phagocytic dysfunction is characterized by the following. Choose all that apply.

• Increased incidence of bacterial infections • Chronic eczematoid dermatitis

A patient is admitted with an acute attack of gout. What interventions are essential for this patient? Select all that apply

• Probenecid (Benemid) • Corticosteroid therapy • Pain medications • Serum uric acid level

A client is suspected of sepsis from a postsurgical incision infection. What characteristic of sepsis would the nurse recognize? Select all that apply.

• Respiratory rate of 24 breaths/minute • Temperature of 102°F • Heart rate of 120 beats/minute

The nurse is teaching the patient with HIV about therapy. What is essential for the nurse to include in the teaching plan? Select all that apply.

• The CD4 count is the major indicator of immune function and guides therapy. • Antiretroviral therapy targets different stages of the HIV life cycle.