Indian Independence and Partition

Consequences/Impact of British involvement

-India began its own industrial revolution with cotton textiles-people were mistreated (ie very little say in gov't, looked down socially, took away Indian culture) Growth of Indian nationalism -conflict between religious groups (later on)-introduced western concepts based on European political revolutions through the education system, the law courts, the press, and through very limited elections, and English became the official language of the government

What have been the long term effects of the Partition on the relationship between Pakistan and India?

For both India and Pakistan, the most singular conflict unresolved since partition has concerned the former Princely State of Kashmir, whose fate was left undetermined at the time the British left. Lying as it did on the border, Kashmir was claimed by both countries, which have been to war over this region on numerous occasions. The conflict has wasted thousands of lives and millions of dollars.

What were the immediate effects of the Partition?

Partition triggered riots, mass casualties, and a colossal wave of migration. Millions of people moved to what they hoped would be safer territory, with Muslims heading towards Pakistan, and Hindus and Sikhs in the direction of India.

Why was the colony of India divided into India and Pakistan in 1947?

The agreement to divide colonial India into two separate states - one with a Muslim majority (Pakistan) and the other with a Hindu majority (India) is commonly seen as the outcome of conflict between the nations' elites.

Indian National Congress

a group that established in 1885 at British initiative as a vent for Indian nationalist criticism and led the resistance to British rule in the early twentieth century; late nineteenth and early twentieth century British rule in India included the policy to have this created.

Civil Disobedience

a political strategy which discredits the moral and political authority of the government

Pakistan

country that consists mostly of Muslims; was originally part of India

Gandhi and nonviolence

offered new directions, new moral perspectives, and new programs of internal reform, formed new methods of resistance through civil disobedience◦one of his principles was "Ahimsa" (means non-violence)◦"Satyagraha" called for peaceful, even self-sacrificing, opposition to oppression through methods designed to force the oppressors to recognize the immorality of their own position and to relieve the suffering of their victims◦had campaigns such as the Non-cooperation Campaign, the Salt March

Muslim League

political organization of India and Pakistan and its original purpose was to safeguard the political rights of Muslims in India

partition

separation or a division

Caste System

social system of India

Amritsar massacre

when British troops shot into a peaceful crowd of protesters in Amritsar, killing 379 Indians