Industrial Rev

Which pairing is correct?

Richard Arkwright-- water frame

Samuel Smiles wrote

Self-help

A central difference in the development of industrialization in GB and the US on the one hand and continental Europe on the other was the involvement of

gov through subsidies, incentives, and direct development in Europe

Middle class "respectability" required

hard work, character, and financial independence

Farmers and agricultural workers in England in the 1920s burned barns and haystacks under the banner of Captain swing to protest the

introduction of threshing machines, a symbol of the new commercial agriculture

Many 19th c. doctors and scientists were dumb and sexist and attributed women's supposed moral superiority to their

lack of sexual feeling, or passionlessness

The "angel in the house" referred to

middle-class women of Victorian England.

Children commonly worked from a very young age; in Britain more than 50000 worked in

mines

The Credit Mobilier, founded in 1852, was

one of the first joint-stock investment banks

The development of the steam engine decisively transformed the 19th century world. ____________ was one of its many applications

railroad locomotives

The British gov, concerned with working conditions in the early 1800s, held a series of hearings and upon learning of conditions that existed in British factories

realized the controversial nature of regulating labor, still passed some legislation on child labor

Most of the labor force in Russia was made up of ______, who remained bound to the land and did not profit from their labor until 1861

serfs

What determined the division of the working class into subgroups

skills, wages, and gender

Even with the interconnectedness of industry, wherein an improvement in one area led to improvements in other areas, there was one dual foundation on which the rest was built; that foundation was

steam and speed

What did the British poet William Blake describe as "these dark satanic mills"?

textile mills

Continental Europe lagged behind GB in industrializing due primarily to

the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars

The British "navvies" were

the construction workers who built the railways

One of the greatest obstacles to freely buying and selling land and the commercialization of agriculture in nineteenth-century Europe was

the continued effects of serfdom

Illegitimacy in preindustrial europe was low but rose following industrialization. A primary cause of this was

the degeneration of social controls present in villages but missing in urban centers

The rapid growth of European cities, such as Manchester, Birmingham, and Essen, was due to

the expansion of manufacturing and mining in the areas surrounding these places

The IR caused changes in all of the following areas except

the philosophical foundations of scientific culture

One explanation for Britain's lead in the IR was that

the pursuit of wealth was perceived as a worthy goal in life

The domination of the world by European industry was, in general, a result of

the use of military force and financial agreements

In the 19th c, middle class success stories were mostly a myth since

those that occurred were from the middle class itself, the sons of well-off farmers or professionals

By the mid 19th c, the world economy had divided into two major groups

those who produced manufactured goods and those who supplied the necessary raw materials

Invented by Eli Whitney in 1793, the cotton gin:

Mechanically separated the seeds from the cotton fibers

Great Britain's small size in the early stages of industrialization

encouraged the development of a well-integrated domestic market

An average house in the US has a lot of feet. In Leeds in the 1840s, how many feet did the average house contain. You may not use your calculator.

150

Direct communication between the US and Europe was not possible until

1865

The Victorian attitude toward gender roles was written by

Alfred, Lord Tennyson

The internal combustion engine was developed by

Carl Benz and Gottlieb Daimler

Who wrote Hard Times

Charles Dickens

The 19th century banking rev was accompanied by scandal; the greatest of the banks involved was the

Credit Mobilier

The French novelist ___________ scandalized society by cross dressing, smoking and writing about independent women who didn't need no men

George Sand

By the late 19th c, the core industrial countries of Europe included

Germany, Italy, Switzerland

Which statement best describes the Industrial Revolution?

It was unplanned and affected different industries in different countries at different rates

There were many inventions that improved textile manufacturing in the 1700s, but the first of these was the "flying shuttle", invented by

John Kay

One of the developments that hastened the IR was the steam engine, originally developed to remove water from mines by

Thomas Newcomen

Working people had an advocate for their plight in the writings of

Victor Hugo

One of the most important preconditions of industrialization that was best established in Great Britain was

a commercialized system of agriculture

Fully 1.5 centuries after industrialization began in GB, the largest single occupational category was that of _________ workers

agricultural

GB began to lose its lead in the IR in the second half of the 19th c due to new industries being developed by other countries, such as

chemical processes and energy

As a result of the IR, people in the 19th c. viewed one another through the lens of

class

The rapid expansion of the textile industry in Great Britain in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries had at least one unintended consequence: a revolution in

clothing

The mining industry in England expanded rapidly with industrialization due to the increased demand for:

coal

The sexuality of working-class women was

conditioned by poverty and the absence of privacy

The many environmental changes caused by the IR included everything except

diminishing levels of atmospheric CO2

Queen Victoria of England ascended the throne in 1837 and became one of the country's most successful monarchs, in no small measure bc she

embodied traits important to the middle class, whose habits of mind we now call Victorian

In 19th c. society, the "middle class" was unified by similar or common

values

The Great Famine of 1845-1849

was responsible for the death of at least one million Irish