Industrial Rev
Which pairing is correct?
Richard Arkwright-- water frame
Samuel Smiles wrote
Self-help
A central difference in the development of industrialization in GB and the US on the one hand and continental Europe on the other was the involvement of
gov through subsidies, incentives, and direct development in Europe
Middle class "respectability" required
hard work, character, and financial independence
Farmers and agricultural workers in England in the 1920s burned barns and haystacks under the banner of Captain swing to protest the
introduction of threshing machines, a symbol of the new commercial agriculture
Many 19th c. doctors and scientists were dumb and sexist and attributed women's supposed moral superiority to their
lack of sexual feeling, or passionlessness
The "angel in the house" referred to
middle-class women of Victorian England.
Children commonly worked from a very young age; in Britain more than 50000 worked in
mines
The Credit Mobilier, founded in 1852, was
one of the first joint-stock investment banks
The development of the steam engine decisively transformed the 19th century world. ____________ was one of its many applications
railroad locomotives
The British gov, concerned with working conditions in the early 1800s, held a series of hearings and upon learning of conditions that existed in British factories
realized the controversial nature of regulating labor, still passed some legislation on child labor
Most of the labor force in Russia was made up of ______, who remained bound to the land and did not profit from their labor until 1861
serfs
What determined the division of the working class into subgroups
skills, wages, and gender
Even with the interconnectedness of industry, wherein an improvement in one area led to improvements in other areas, there was one dual foundation on which the rest was built; that foundation was
steam and speed
What did the British poet William Blake describe as "these dark satanic mills"?
textile mills
Continental Europe lagged behind GB in industrializing due primarily to
the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars
The British "navvies" were
the construction workers who built the railways
One of the greatest obstacles to freely buying and selling land and the commercialization of agriculture in nineteenth-century Europe was
the continued effects of serfdom
Illegitimacy in preindustrial europe was low but rose following industrialization. A primary cause of this was
the degeneration of social controls present in villages but missing in urban centers
The rapid growth of European cities, such as Manchester, Birmingham, and Essen, was due to
the expansion of manufacturing and mining in the areas surrounding these places
The IR caused changes in all of the following areas except
the philosophical foundations of scientific culture
One explanation for Britain's lead in the IR was that
the pursuit of wealth was perceived as a worthy goal in life
The domination of the world by European industry was, in general, a result of
the use of military force and financial agreements
In the 19th c, middle class success stories were mostly a myth since
those that occurred were from the middle class itself, the sons of well-off farmers or professionals
By the mid 19th c, the world economy had divided into two major groups
those who produced manufactured goods and those who supplied the necessary raw materials
Invented by Eli Whitney in 1793, the cotton gin:
Mechanically separated the seeds from the cotton fibers
Great Britain's small size in the early stages of industrialization
encouraged the development of a well-integrated domestic market
An average house in the US has a lot of feet. In Leeds in the 1840s, how many feet did the average house contain. You may not use your calculator.
150
Direct communication between the US and Europe was not possible until
1865
The Victorian attitude toward gender roles was written by
Alfred, Lord Tennyson
The internal combustion engine was developed by
Carl Benz and Gottlieb Daimler
Who wrote Hard Times
Charles Dickens
The 19th century banking rev was accompanied by scandal; the greatest of the banks involved was the
Credit Mobilier
The French novelist ___________ scandalized society by cross dressing, smoking and writing about independent women who didn't need no men
George Sand
By the late 19th c, the core industrial countries of Europe included
Germany, Italy, Switzerland
Which statement best describes the Industrial Revolution?
It was unplanned and affected different industries in different countries at different rates
There were many inventions that improved textile manufacturing in the 1700s, but the first of these was the "flying shuttle", invented by
John Kay
One of the developments that hastened the IR was the steam engine, originally developed to remove water from mines by
Thomas Newcomen
Working people had an advocate for their plight in the writings of
Victor Hugo
One of the most important preconditions of industrialization that was best established in Great Britain was
a commercialized system of agriculture
Fully 1.5 centuries after industrialization began in GB, the largest single occupational category was that of _________ workers
agricultural
GB began to lose its lead in the IR in the second half of the 19th c due to new industries being developed by other countries, such as
chemical processes and energy
As a result of the IR, people in the 19th c. viewed one another through the lens of
class
The rapid expansion of the textile industry in Great Britain in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries had at least one unintended consequence: a revolution in
clothing
The mining industry in England expanded rapidly with industrialization due to the increased demand for:
coal
The sexuality of working-class women was
conditioned by poverty and the absence of privacy
The many environmental changes caused by the IR included everything except
diminishing levels of atmospheric CO2
Queen Victoria of England ascended the throne in 1837 and became one of the country's most successful monarchs, in no small measure bc she
embodied traits important to the middle class, whose habits of mind we now call Victorian
In 19th c. society, the "middle class" was unified by similar or common
values
The Great Famine of 1845-1849
was responsible for the death of at least one million Irish