Infants

The parents of an 11-month-old are concerned because the frequency of their infant's bowel movements has decreased from three to four each day to one to two each day. Which response by the nurse is best? "You should increase the amount of fruit in your infant's diet." "The pediatrician might order a barium enema to make sure your baby doesn't have Hirschsprung's disease." "By age 11 months, most infants have one to two bowel movements per day." "You should increase the amount of water you give to your baby."

"By age 11 months, most infants have one to two bowel movements per day."

A 9-month-old admitted with pneumonia cries when his parents aren't holding him. He's also unable to sleep. The parents have two other young children at home and can't stay with the infant continually. Which suggestion by the nurse might help the infant sleep? "You should find childcare for your other children so you can stay with your baby." "After you leave, I'll give him some medicine to make him sleep." "Can one of you stay and the other one go home and care for your other children?" "It's fine for you leave; he'll eventually tire and fall to sleep."

"Can one of you stay and the other one go home and care for your other children?"

A bottle-fed infant, age 3 months, is brought to the pediatrician's office for a well-child visit. During the previous visit, the nurse taught the mother about infant nutritional needs. Which statement by the mother during the current visit indicates effective teaching? "I started putting cereal in the bottle with formula because the baby kept spitting it out." "I'm giving the baby skim milk because he was getting so chubby." "I'm giving the baby iron-fortified formula and a fluoride supplement because our water isn't fluoridated." "I started the baby on cereals and fruits because he wasn't sleeping through the night."

"I'm giving the baby iron-fortified formula and a fluoride supplement because our water isn't fluoridated."

A nurse is teaching the parents of an infant with clubfeet about cast care. Which statement by the father indicates the need for further teaching? "We will have to be careful how we hold our baby." "We'll have to bring our baby back every week or two for cast changes." "I know I will have to be careful when changing his diapers." "Immunizations will have to be delayed until the casts come off."

"Immunizations will have to be delayed until the casts come off."

After the birth of her first neonate, a mother asks the nurse about the reddened areas ("stork bites") at the nape of the neonate's neck. How should the nurse respond? "They're a common congenital abnormality." "They're normal and will disappear as the baby's skin thickens." "They're caused by a blockage in the apocrine glands." "They commonly result from a traumatic birth."

"They're normal and will disappear as the baby's skin thickens."

A mother and grandmother bring a 3-month-old infant to the well-baby clinic for a routine checkup. As the nurse weighs the infant, the grandmother asks, "Shouldn't the baby start eating solid food? My kids started on cereal when they were 2 weeks old." Which response by the nurse would be appropriate? "The baby is gaining weight and doing well. There is no need for solid food yet." "Things have changed a lot since your children were born." "We've found that babies can't digest solid food properly until they're 4 months old." "We've learned that introducing solid food early leads to eating disorders later in life."

"We've found that babies can't digest solid food properly until they're 4 months old."

A nurse is caring for an infant who requires intravenous therapy. The nurse notes that the only available IV pump is in a toddler's room. In which order should the nurse complete the following actions?1. Remove pump from toddler's room.2. Clean the pump.3. Take pump into infant's room.4. Use the pump. 1, 3, 2, 4 2, 3, 1, 4 2, 1, 3, 4 1, 2, 3, 4

1, 2, 3, 4

When discharging a 5-month-old infant from the hospital, the nurse checks to see whether the parent's car restraint system for the infant is appropriate. Which of the following restraint systems would be safest? A front-facing convertible car seat in the backseat next to the window A front-facing convertible car seat in the middle of the backseat A rear-facing infant safety seat in the front passenger seat A rear-facing infant safety seat in the middle of the backseat

A rear-facing infant safety seat in the middle of the backseat

An infant admitted with reactive airway disease is dyspneic and cyanotic. Which intervention takes priority when caring for this infant? Explaining all procedures to the parents Administering antibiotics immediately, as prescribed Keeping the room quiet and dim Administering albuterol by nebulizer, as prescribed

Administering albuterol by nebulizer, as prescribed

A physical therapist has instructed the nursing staff in range-of-motion exercises for an infant with torticollis. Which intervention should the nurses perform if they feel uncomfortable performing stretches that result in the infant's crying and grimacing? Call the primary health care provider. Call the physical therapist. Check the primary health care provider's orders. Discontinue the exercises.

Call the physical therapist.

The nurse is preparing for the discharge of a neonate with a cleft lip and palate. Which nursing instruction is of highest priority? Establish a feeding technique Administer supplemental vitamins Apply a dressing to the lip Cleanse face following feeding

Establish a feeding technique

How should a nurse position an infant when administering an oral medication? Held in the bottle- or breast-feeding position Seated in a high chair Restrained flat in the crib Held on the nurse's lap

Held in the bottle- or breast-feeding position

After surgery to repair a cleft lip, an infant has a Logan bar in place. Which postoperative nursing action is appropriate? Burping the infant less frequently Placing the infant on the abdomen after feedings Holding the infant semi-upright during feedings Removing the Logan bar during feedings

Holding the infant semi-upright during feedings

A baby undergoes surgery to correct an esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula. Which nursing diagnosis has the highest priority during the first 24 hours postoperatively? Imbalanced nutrition: Less than body requirements Ineffective airway clearance Interrupted breast-feeding Hypothermia

Ineffective airway clearance

The nurse is administering medication to a 6-week-old infant. Which factor is the nurse most correct to identify as likely to decrease the infant's ability for drug metabolism? Decreased glomerular filtration Reduced protein-binding ability Inefficient liver function Increased tubular secretion

Inefficient liver function

Which nursing intervention is essential in the care of an infant with cleft lip and palate? Hold the infant flat while feeding. Involve the parents in the infant's care. Use a normal nursery nipple for feedings. Discourage breast-feeding.

Involve the parents in the infant's care.

The nurse is caring for a 10-month-old client with Down syndrome. Which intervention by the nurse is most appropriate? Offer assistance and support to the parents. Avoid developing a routine for care because routine causes anxiety. Provide activities that are appropriate for the infant's chronological age. Plan activities based on the client's cognitive abilities alone.

Offer assistance and support to the parents.

Which data collection finding would lead the nurse to suspect dehydration in a preterm neonate? Excessive weight gain Urine output below 1 ml/hour Bulging fontanels Urine specific gravity below 1.012

Urine output below 1 ml/hour

Which complications should the nurse be most concerned about in the first 12 hours of life for a neonate born with a myelomeningocele? delayed growth and development infection impaired physical mobility constipation

infection

When collecting data on an infant, which condition would alert the nurse as a subtle sign of hypothyroidism? lethargy severe jaundice tachycardia diarrhea

lethargy

After an infant with a cleft lip has surgical repair and heals, the parents can expect to see which result? minimal scarring a larger upper lip distortion of the jaw misaligned teeth (malocclusion)

minimal scarring

A nurse is caring for an infant with congenital clubfoot. After the final cast has been removed, which member of the health care team will most likely help the infant with leg and ankle exercises and provide the parents with a home exercise regimen? speech therapist occupational therapist recreational therapist physical therapist

physical therapist

The nurse caring for an infant with pyloric stenosis should be alert for which classic sign or symptom? projectile vomiting loss of appetite chronic diarrhea excessive drooling

projectile vomiting

An infant who has been in foster care since birth requires a blood transfusion. Who is authorized to give written informed consent for the procedure? a nurse caring for the infant a nurse-manager the social worker who placed the infant in the foster home the foster parent

the foster parent

When presenting an informational series on infant safety, which appropriate development milestone for the 4-month-old infant would the nurse stress could jeopardize the infant's safety? turns from abdomen to back grabs feet and pulls to the mouth drops objects to pick up another one responds readily to sound

turns from abdomen to back

If an infant's I.V. access site is in an extremity, the nurse should: restrain all four extremities. restrain the extremity to the bed's side rail. use a padded board to secure the extremity. allow the extremity to be loose.

use a padded board to secure the extremity.

A mother is concerned that she might be spoiling her 2-month-old daughter by picking her up each time she cries. Which suggestion should the nurse offer? "Leave your baby alone for 10 minutes. If she hasn't stopped crying by then, pick her up." "Crying at this age indicates hunger. Try feeding her when she cries." "Continue to pick her up when she cries because young infants need cuddling and holding to meet their needs." "If the baby's diaper is dry when she's crying, leave her alone and she'll fall asleep."

"Continue to pick her up when she cries because young infants need cuddling and holding to meet their needs."

The skin in the diaper area of a 6-month-old infant is excoriated and red. Which instructions would the nurse give to the parent? Wash the area vigorously with each diaper change. Decrease the infant's fluid intake to decrease saturating diaper. Apply talcum powder with diaper changes. Change the diaper more often.

Change the diaper more often.

The nurse is caring for an infant returning from surgery after the repair of a cleft palate. Which intervention should the nurse perform first? Remove the arm restraints placed on the infant after surgery. Suction all secretions from the mouth and nose. Position the infant on the side. Offer a pacifier for comfort.

Position the infant on the side.

During a well-baby visit, a mother asks the nurse about starting her infant on solid foods. The nurse should instruct her to introduce which solid food first? Applesauce Rice cereal Yogurt Egg whites

Rice cereal

When administering an oral medication to an infant, the nurse should take which action to minimize the risk of aspiration? Administering the oral medication as quickly as possible Using an oral syringe to place the medication beside the tongue Keeping the infant upright with the nasal passages blocked Placing the medication in the infant's formula bottle

Using an oral syringe to place the medication beside the tongue

An infant is diagnosed with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. What is a priority problem that the nurse expects to see in the plan of care? fluid volume overload effective breast-feeding failure to thrive decreased oxygen saturation

decreased oxygen saturation

The nurse cares for an infant receiving inadequate treatment for congenital hypothyroidism. Which signs or symptoms should the nurse expect to observe? fatigue and sleepiness irritability and jitteriness increased appetite diarrhea

fatigue and sleepiness

Which intervention should be included in the care plan for children with an increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)? pulmonary function testing at regular intervals pulse oximetry while sleeping home apnea monitoring chest x-ray at age 1 month

home apnea monitoring