Infection

The nurse is caring for a client who has just been diagnosed with chlamydia and is very upset. The client says, "I don't understand this. The person I had sex with did not have any symptoms at all. How could I have known?" What is the best response by the nurse to this client?

"Many people with chlamydia won't have symptoms for up to 3 weeks after being infected."

The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with herpes zoster. Which statement by the client needs further clarification by the nurse?

"Once I get the infection, I cannot get it again."

A client the nurse is caring for has developed a bladder infection while in the hospital. The client has had a Foley catheter for two weeks. The client's family asks you how the client got this infection. What would be the nurse's best response?

"People in hospitals are often more susceptible to infections because they are already ill and they are exposed to germs while they are in the hospital."

A client with pneumonia develops respiratory failure and has a partial pressure of arterial oxygen of 55 mm Hg. The client is placed on mechanical ventilation with a fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) of 0.9. What setting would be the best maximum FIO2 setting?

0.5

You are a clinic nurse caring for a client with acute tracheobronchitis. The client asks what may have caused the infection. Which of the following responses from the nurse would be most accurate?

6 to 12 months

A nurse is providing discharge instruction to a victim who has been exposed to anthrax but does not have any symptoms. The nurse's teaching includes that prophylactic antibiotics must be taken for:

60 days.

A nurse is caring for four clients on the cardiac unit. Which client has the greatest risk for contracting infective endocarditis?

A client 4 days postoperative after mitral valve replacement

A nurse is caring for a client admitted with symptoms of an anorectal infection; cultures indicate that the client has a viral infection. The nurse should anticipate the administration of what drug?

Acyclovir

A client is suspected to have bacterial meningitis. What is the priority nursing intervention?

Administer prescribed antibiotics.

A nurse is having a yearly employee tuberculin skin test. Which skin test results would indicate a positive result?

An induration of 12mm

A nurse educator is teaching a group of nurses about assessing critically ill clients for multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). The nurse educator evaluates understanding by asking the nurses to identify which client would be at highest risk for MODS. It would be the client who is experiencing septic shock and is

An older adult man with end-stage renal disease and an infected dialysis access site

A client is postoperative day 3 after surgical repair of an open abdominal wound and traumatic amputation of the right lower leg following a motorcycle crash. What is the highest priority nursing intervention?

Assessing WBC count, temperature, and wound appearance

A client with a trichomoniasis infection is prescribed metronidazole. Which teaching will the nurse provide to the client about this medication?

Avoid all alcohol for 24 hours after taking the medication.

A client is diagnosed with Legionnaire's disease. The nurse anticipates which medication to be prescribed?

Azithromycin

Which of the following is the most common organism implicated in prostatitis?

Escherichia coli

A client with a spinal cord injury says he has difficulty recognizing the symptoms of urinary tract infection (UTI). Which symptom is an early sign of UTI in a client with a spinal cord injury?

Fever and change in urine clarity

A nurse is assessing a male client diagnosed with gonorrhea. Which symptom most likely prompted the client to seek medical attention?

Foul-smelling discharge from the penis

A client comes to the outpatient department complaining of vaginal discharge, dysuria, and genital irritation. Suspecting a sexually transmitted disease (STD), the physician orders diagnostic testing of the vaginal discharge. Which STD must be reported to the public health department?

Gonorrhea

A nurse has heard that there have been three cases of pertussis in the community and wants to make sure his or her inoculations are up to date. What action should the nurse take?

Have a single-dose Tdap administered.

A nurse is preparing a presentation for a local community group about hepatitis. Which of the following would the nurse include?

Hepatitis C increases a person's risk for liver cancer.

Which is the most common cause of acute encephalitis in the United States?

Herpes simplex virus (HSV)

Which nursing diagnosis takes highest priority for a client with a compound fracture?

Infection related to effects of trauma

Which stage or period of syphilis occurs when the infected person has no signs or symptoms of syphilis?

Latency

A client is diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). After recovering from the initial shock of the diagnosis, the client expresses a desire to learn as much as possible about HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). When teaching the client about the immune system, the nurse states that humoral immunity is provided by which type of white blood cell?

Lymphocyte

Which drug is the most effective treatment for trichomoniasis?

Metronidazole

Which type of immunity becomes active as a result of infection by a specific microorganism?

Naturally acquired active immunity

A client is receiving ganciclovir as part of the treatment for cytomegalovirus retinitis. What would the nurse monitor the results of the client's laboratory tests for?

Neutropenia

The nurse is caring for a client with a cystoscopy tube draining urine from the bladder. When reviewing the client's history prior to administering care, which is of most concern?

New diagnosis of urosepsis

The nurse is collaborating with the health care provider on a plan of care for a 54-year-old male client with osteomyelitis of the left femur secondary to uncontrolled type 1 diabetes.

Perform neurovascular checks of lower extremities every 8 hours. Administer IV antibiotic based on culture and sensitivity report. Administer ibuprofen 400 mg orally three times daily, as needed for pain. Make referral to dietitian to discuss nutrition for healing and blood glucose control. Provide education on self-blood glucose monitoring and insulin administration.

The nurse recognizes the clinical assessment of a patient with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) includes observing for signs of infection early. What nursing action will most likely help prevent infection?

Practice vigilant handwashing.

Painless chancres are associated with which systemic disease?

Syphilis

A client has just been diagnosed with condylomata acuminata (genital warts). What information is appropriate to tell this client?

This condition puts them at a higher risk for cervical cancer; therefore, they should have a Papanicolaou (Pap) smear annually.

Which statement reflects the nursing management of pulmonary anthrax (Bacillus anthracis)?

Treatment with ciprofloxacin or doxycycline is suggested after exposure.

Which of the following diagnostics is used to examine cells from herpes zoster?

Tzanck smear

The nurse instructs a client to perform continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis correctly at home. Which educational information should the nurse provide to the client?

Use an aseptic technique during the procedure.

The nurse is instructing the parents of a child with head lice. Which statement should the nurse include?

Use shampoo with piperonyl butoxide.

An older adult patient has just been admitted to a long-term care facility. Which of the following would be most important to reduce the risk for infection?

Use the purified protein derivative test to evaluate for tuberculosis.

The nurse examines a patient and notices a herpes simplex/zoster skin lesion. How does the nurse document this lesion?

Vesicle

Which vitamin is usually administered with isoniazid (INH) to prevent INH-associated peripheral neuropathy?

Vitamin B6

A nurse who works in a gynecologist's office frequently cares for patients who are diagnosed with vulvovaginal candidiasis. The nurse should teach the patients how to manage and treat the most common symptom of:

Vulvar pruritus.

Which of the following is an inappropriate nursing action by the surgical nurse?

Wearing sterile gloves over artificial nails

Which of the following nursing instructions is most important for the nurse to emphasize to the client with a new HSV-2 diagnosis?

You must inform all sexual partners.

During chemotherapy for lymphocytic leukemia, a client develops abdominal pain, fever, and "horse barn"-smelling diarrhea. It would be most important for the nurse to advise the physician to order:

stools for a Clostridium difficile test.

The nurse instructs a client with genital herpes on self-care management. Which client statement indicates that teaching has been effective?

"I will not touch the lesions when they occur."

A client who has started therapy for drug-resistant tuberculosis demonstrates understanding of tuberculosis transmission when he says:

"I'll stop being contagious when I have a negative acid-fast bacilli test."

The nurse obtains a health history from a client with a prosthetic heart valve and new symptoms of infective endocarditis. Which question by the nurse is most appropriate to ask?

"Have you been to the dentist recently?"

A client with aortic valve endocarditis develops dyspnea, crackles in the lungs, and restlessness. The novice nurse discusses this development with the nurse manager. What statement indicates the novice nurse is applying the assessment findings?

"I anticipated this complication and I will call the health care provider right now."

The nurse determines that a client recently diagnosed with subacute bacterial endocarditis understands discharge teaching upon which client statement?

"I have to call my doctor so I can get antibiotics before seeing the dentist."

A patient has been diagnosed with acute gastritis and asks the nurse what could have caused it. What is the best response by the nurse? (Select all that apply.)

"It can be caused by ingestion of strong acids." "You may have ingested some irritating foods." "Is it possible that you are overusing aspirin."

The nurse is giving an educational talk to a local parent-teacher association. A parent asks how to help the family avoid community-acquired infections. What would be the nurse's best response to help prevent and control community-acquired infections?

"Make sure your family has all their childhood immunizations."

The nurse is administering an ophthalmic ointment to a patient with conjunctivitis. What disadvantage of the application of an ointment does the nurse explain to the patient?

Blurred vision results after application.

A nurse is conducting a health history on a patient who is seeing her health care provider for symptoms consistent with a UTI. The nurse understands that the most common route of infection is which of the following?

By ascending infection (transurethral)

Which term describes a reddened, circumscribed lesion that ulcerates and becomes crusted and is a primary lesion of syphilis?

Chancre

What is the most common presenting objective symptom of a urinary tract infection in older adults, especially in those with dementia?

Change in cognitive functioning

A client with suspected primary syphilis is to undergo diagnostic testing. Which of the following would the nurse expect to be done to confirm this diagnosis?

Direct identification in a specimen from the chancre lesion

The nurse is caring for an older adult who reports xerostomia. The nurse evaluates for use of which medication?

Diuretics

A deep vein thrombosis (DVT) results in vascular vasodilation, local tissue congestion, and increased capillary permeability. The nurse would expect to see which of the following body responses in a client with a DVT?

Erythema and pain

A nurse is teaching a client with genital herpes. Education for this client should include an explanation of:

Importance of informing his partners of the disease

The assessment of a client admitted with increased ascites related to cirrhosis reveals the following: pulse 86 beats per minute and weak, respirations 28 breaths per minute, blood pressure 130/88 mm Hg, and pulse oximetry 90%. Which nursing diagnosis should receive top priority?

Ineffective breathing pattern

A client is scheduled for bowel resection with anastomosis involving the large intestine. Because of the surgical site, the nurse formulates the nursing diagnosis of Risk for infection. To complete the nursing diagnosis statement, the nurse should add which "related-to" phrase?

Related to the presence of bacteria at the surgical site

A nurse is conducting a health history on a client with a primary diagnosis of mitral stenosis. Which disorder reported by the client is the most common cause of mitral stenosis?

Rheumatic endocarditis

What is the most common cause of mitral stenosis?

Rheumatic endocarditis

The nurse working in the clinic has had several incidences of positive chlamydia cultures return in women with pelvic pain. The nurse understands that early diagnosis and treatment are essential measures in which to reduce contagion and limit the complications related to this infection. What type of prevention will the nurse use when these infections are treated?

Secondary prevention

A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) visits the health care center with breathing difficulties. Which part of the client profile relates to the client's view of himself or herself and the impact of COPD?

Self-concept

The nurse is caring for a client who has a diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Part of this client's teaching plan is educating the client about their medications. What is essential for the nurse to include in the teaching of this client regarding medications?

Side effects of drug therapy

Which of the following techniques least exhibits surgical asepsis?

Suctioning the nasopharyngeal cavity of a client

An instructor is teaching a group of students about the incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and those that must be reported by law. The instructor determines that the students have understood the information when they state that which STI must be reported?

Syphilis

A first-line antibiotic used to treat acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS) is

amoxicillin-clavulanic acid.

The six elements necessary for infection include a causative organism, a reservoir of available organisms, a portal or mode of exit from the reservoir, a mode of transmission from reservoir to host, a susceptible host, and

mode of entry into the host.

The nurse is teaching a school community parent group about heart wellness. What risk factor is a common leading cause for mitral stenosis?

rheumatic fever

A client asks a nurse a question about the Mantoux test for tuberculosis. The nurse should base her response on the fact that the:

skin test doesn't differentiate between active and dormant tuberculosis infection.