Informatics ch 21-29
Usability
The extent to which a product can be used by specified users to achieve specified goals with effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction in a specified context of use.
data mining
a step in the knowledge discovery process of finding correlations or patterns among dozens of fields in large relational databases
pay for performance
a strategy to pay healthcare providers for high-quality care as measured by selecting evidence based standards and procedures. A network of doctors and hospitals share responsibility for providing care to a specific group of patients and in return receive bonuses when these providers keep costs down and meet specific quality benchmarks
data analytics
a systematic approach to answering interesting questions across large datasets
Workaround
a temporary and potentially unsafe fix for a problem which fails to provide a genuine solution the problem
Informatics capability maturity model
a well defined resource that can be used for conducting an assessment
Anti-Kickback Statute
A criminal law that prohibits the exchange of anything of value to reward the referral of a patient sponsored by a government insurance plan.
Covered Entity
A health plan, a healthcare clearinghouse, or a healthcare provider who transmits any health information in electronic form in connection with a transaction
Human Factors
A scientific discipline concerned with understanding how humans interact with elements of a system. It can also be considered the practice of designing products, systems or processes to take account of the interaction between them and their users. It is also known as comfort design, functional design and user-friendly systems.
false claims act
Imposes civil liability on those who submit false claims to government for payment and can exclude violators from participating in government programs.
User Interface
a boundary between users and products, typically a display or computer screen or interaction device. It allows humans and products to cooperatively perform tasks
Accreditation
a form of recognition provided to a healthcare or educational institution by an accrediting agency indicating that the institution has meet the standards of that agency
Design Thinking
a formal process of addressing ill-defined problems through creative design, using an iteration process of creating and testing multiple designs, as in UCD, to evaluate their fit as an appropriate solution
availability
a general term used to describe the amount of time that computer system resources are available to users. This is usually calculated for a 1-year period
Stark Law
a law passed in 1992 that governs physician self-referral for Medicare and Medicaid patients. It generally prohibits a physician form referring patients for certain designated health services (DHS) to entities where the physician has a financial relationship
Bar Code Medication Administration
a method for administering medications using medication administration software, barcodes, and scanners, with the goal of reducing errors during the medication administration process
Contextual Inquiry
a method of usability testing that involves interacting with users in their actual sites or setting
Ontology
a model of a domain that defines the concepts existing in that domain as well as taxonomic and other relationships existing between the concepts. Within health Informatics an ontology would be formal, computer understandable description of a domain
risk
a person or situation that poses a threat to the security of an information system
Terminology harmonization
a process of ensuring consistency of terms and the definitions of those terms within and across different terminologies
health IT capability maturity assessment
a qualitative model that can be used to assess an organization's capabilities with respect to five dimensions, measured on a scale of 1(basic) to 5(innovative)
reference terminology
a set of atomic level designations, representing a domain knowledge of interest, structured to support representation of both simple and compositional concepts independent of human language (within machine) that facilitates data collection, processing and aggregation
interface terminology
a set of designations or representations structured to support representation of concepts for data entry and display on the graphical user interface
discount usability methods
a set of usability methods that offer economies of time, effort, and cost and can be completed at any point in the system's life cycle
Classifications
a single hierarchical terminology that aggregates data at a prescribed level of abstraction for a particular domain
user-centered design
a structured application development process with three primary emphases: an early and central focus on users in the design and development of products, iterative design, and systematic measures of the interactions between users and products
risk assessment (risk analysis)
a systematic process for examining an information system to identify the security vulnerabilities and potential risks to an information system or organization
think-aloud protocol
a usability method in which users talk aloud about what they are doing as they interact with a product. These interactions are observed or recorded and then analyzed
vulnerability
a weakness in an information system, system security procedures, internal controls, or implementation that could be exploited
wearable devices
accessories, sensors, or clothing that have embedded computer or advanced technologies
machine learning
adjustment of a computer or algorithm based on exposure to training examples
donation safe harbor
allows certain referral recipients to donate an EHR system to referral source
Exploratory Data Analysis
an approach to analyzing datasets to summarize their main characteristics
business associate
an organization supporting the work of a covered entity and having access to personal health information
adverse events
an unintended and unfavorable event associated with the provision of medical care, use of a medical product, or treatment protocol
Heuristic Evaluation
assessments of a device or product against accepted guidelines or published usability principals
terminology cross mapping
assigning an element or concept in one set to an element or concept in another set through semantic correspondence
integrity
data are complete and have not been altered in an unauthorized manner
Data Standards
data processes that have been approved by a recognized body and provide for common and repeated use, rules, guidelines, or characteristics for activities or their results, aimed at achieving the optimum degree of order in a given context
Confidentiality
ensuring that the data or information is disclosed only to authorized personnel
standards setting organizations
entities whose primary activities are developing, coordinating, disseminating, and maintaining standards addressing a large group of users.
Standards development organizations (SDOs)
entities whose primary activities are developing, coordinating, disseminating, and maintaining standards addressing a large group of users. Also called standards setting organizations
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
federal legislation, commonly referred to as the stimulus or the recovery act , that was enacted in 2009 to help the United States economy recover.
Patient Safety
freedom from accidental injury due to healthcare, medical care, or medical errors, where error is defined as the failure of a planned action to be completed safely or as intended or the use of a wrong plan to achieve an aim
Eligible professional (EP)
healthcare professionals who meet the eligibility criteria defined by law to receive incentive payments from the CMS for implementing electronic health records
safeguard
in cyber security, this refers to three processes to lessen or alleviate threats to security: administrative, technical, and physical
Ergonomics
in the United States, this focuses on the physical design and implementation of equipment, tools,. and products as they relate to human safety, comfort, and convenience. The term is used interchangeably with human factors in Europe and elsewhere
health policy
includes the decision, plans, and actions that guide the achievement of healthcare goals within a society
Transparency
indicates that the policies, procedures, and technologies affecting health information use for individuals health information are easily accessed and understood
knowledge discovery and data mining
knowledge models can be developed to identify optimal treatments for individuals and groups of patients according to their characteristics
data governance
means decision making and authority over data-related matters
mHealth
medical and public health practice supported by mobile phones patient monitoring devices, personal digital assistants (PDAs), and other wireless devices
security
the administrative, technical, and physical safeguards in an organization or information system to prevent privacy breaches
privacy
the capacity to control when, how, and to what degree information about oneself is communicated to others
quality of care
the degree to which health services for individuals and populations increase the likelihood of desired health outcomes and are consistent with current professional knowledge
Predictive Analytics
the development of analytics models that predict future probabilities or trends based on the analysis of retrospective or real-time data
health IT governance
the process of establishing an overarching structure for health IT in organizations, including establishing goals and objectives; creating policies, standards, and services; and developing mechanisms and processes for the oversight, enforcement of, and coordination of the policies, standards and services
Data Science
the science of extracting knowledge or insights from data in various forms, either structured or unstructured
data exchange
the sharing of data among systems using an agreed upon standard electronic communication, convention, or "rule"
Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)
the study of how people design, implement and evaluate interactive computer systems in the context of users tasks and work. Used interchangeably with the term ergonomics in Europe and elsewhere
health information technology
the use of electronic methods for managing health related date and information
Prescriptive Analytics
the use of models to evaluate and determine new ways of operating in a health system. The models predict system output under a range of system configurations, allowing decision makers to choose the best of potential alternatives
classification matrix
used to derive performance measures, similar to the performance measures use in evaluating clinical diagnostic tests, such as true-positive rate, false-positive rate.
task analysis
a suite of well known usability methods to decompose and understand user's actions and behaviors. Composed of more than 100 different methods, it is used to determine goals, tasks, issues with interactions, the flow of work, and other activities in sociotechnical systems
threat
an act of man or nature that has the potential to cause harm to an informational asset
natural language processing
computer processing of text written or spoken by humans
Sociotechnical systems
coupled with complex health systems, are magnified as users interact with health IT
informed consent
permission given by an individual who has been provided with an understanding of the risks, benefits, limitations, and potential implications of consent
Protected Health Information (PHI)
personally identifiable health information, such as name, birth date, and social security number, created or received by a covered entity
Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP)
provides health coverage to eligible children, through both Medicaid and separate CHIP programs. CHIP is administered by states according to federal requirements
focused ethnographies
research methods borrowed from anthropology and sociology in which the focus is on the person's point of view and his or her experiences and interactions in social settings
meaningful use
set of specific objectives that must be achieved to qualify for federal incentive payments. Meaningful Use means that healthcare providers must show that they are using certified electronic health record technology in ways that can be measured using specific criteria
electronic medication administration record
software used to view and document patient medications
liability
something (typically monetary) for which an organization or person is legally responsible
modified stage 2
specific meaningful use stage 2 requirements updated in 2015 that provide a consolidated list of objectives
meaningful objectives
specific targets that must be achieved for providers and/or hospitals to qualify for incentive payments under the HITECH act. These include the use of certified EHRs and specific usage such as ePrescribing, CPOE, medication reconciliation, information exchange and patient electronic access, and clinical decision support
Joint Cognitive Systems
systems in which information is shared or distributed among humans and technology
standardized terminology
terms and definitions adopted by a national or international standardizing and standards organization and made available to the public
Interoperability
the ability for systems to reliably exchange data and operate in a coordinated, seamless manner
unintended consequences
unplanned and unexpected consequences from a device, process, or event such as the adoption of health IT
Big Data
very large data sets
