LearningCurve 9b: Concepts, Categories, and Decision Making

Pataasin ang iyong marka sa homework at exams ngayon gamit ang Quizwiz!

Which name would be the MOST accessible in memory?

Albert Einstein

Exemplar theory is more comprehensive than is _____ theory because it takes into account specific instances of categories in addition to the prototype of the category.

prototype

For many people, a canary is a better _____ of a bird than is an ostrich.

prototype

For many people, a collie may be a better _____ of a dog than is an Irish wolfhound.

prototype

For many people, an ant is a better _____ of an insect than is a praying mantis.

prototype

Rather than using rules of defining necessary and sufficient conditions, the _____ theory categorizes objects together based on how well something resembles a typical category member and its features.

prototype

When someone mentions hamburgers, Trisha immediately thinks of a Big Mac. In this instance, a Big Mac is a(n):

prototype.

Christmas is to holiday as _____ is to _____.

prototype; concept

Sallie can recognize and identify a picture of a cat, a flower, a spider, and her mother, but she cannot respond to a picture of a hammer, a house, a flagpole, and an office. Sallie may have:

a category-specific deficit.

Which type of game is MOST likely the prototype of the concept "sport"?

baseball

A _____ is a mental representation that groups or categorizes shared features of related objects, events, or other stimuli.

concept

When Janet sees a coffee mug, a tall juice glass, and a short whiskey glass, she probably categorizes all these objects together as the _____ of "cup."

concept

If Sascha has trouble acquiring _____, she might not understand that a lion, tiger, calico, and Siamese are all types of cat.

concepts

The _____ theory of categorization argues that people make category judgments by comparing a new instance with their memories for other instances of the category.

exemplar

The prototype theory would predict that a child living in the United States generally would recognize a blue jay as a type of bird _____ this same child would recognize a penguin as a type of bird.

faster than

A concept is a mental representation that groups or categorizes shared _____ of related objects, events, or other stimuli.

features

Victor is trying to convince his parents to buy him a car. He tells them that teenagers are 30% less likely to get into an accident in their own car than in a parent's car, rather than stating that teenagers are 70% more likely to get into an accident in their own car. This example illustrates the:

framing effect.

If Sahalia is consulting a doctor as to whether the mole she discovered on her arm is cancerous, it would be BEST to discuss the chances in terms of _____, rather than of _____.

frequencies; probabilities

_____ theory is more comprehensive than is prototype theory because it takes into account specific instances of categories in addition to the prototype of the category.

Exemplar

_____ assumes that people simplify available information, give great weight to outcomes that are sure things, and compare choices with a reference point.

Prospect theory

People with ______ are LEAST likely to defend their decision-making strategies by citing such adages as "Nothing ventured, nothing gained" or "High risk, high reward."

generalized anxiety disorder

According to family resemblance theory, categories are made based on:

if objects look like they belong together.

People are more likely to buy bananas when they are marked 2 pounds for a dollar than when they are marked 50 cents a pound. What concept does this example illustrate?

the framing effect

An artist can no longer tell the difference between a brush and an easel. The artist probably suffered damage to:

the region where the temporal lobe meets the parietal and occipital lobes.

Meaghan is staying in a very unhappy relationship because she has already lived with her partner for three years. What problematic decision-making process is she using?

the sunk-cost fallacy


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