InQuizitive

Which of these are amongst the main routes to citizenship in the US?

Is a Path to Citizenship in the US employment humanitarian protection family reunification Is Not a Path to Citizenship in the US entering as an undocumented immigrant

What is the name of the program that protects young adults who came to the US as undocumented immigrants (known as "Dreamers" from deportation?

Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals

Which of these are egalitarian arguments in favor of immigration cosmopolitanism, and which are libertarian arguments in favor of immigration cosmopolitanism?

Egalitarian Argument Allowing open borders is the key to eliminating the vast economic inequalities in the world. Everyone— both compatriots and noncitizens— is entitled to equal moral rights and consideration. Libertarian Argument Restricted immigration impedes foreigners' right to freedom of movement. Restricted immigration interferes with citizens' right to allow foreigners to enter their property.

Refugees must leave the US after 5 years.

False

The immigration policy of the US has been consistent throughout its history.

False

The utilitarian claims against immigration have robust empirical support.

False

According to a a report on the subject released jointly by the American Civil Liberties Union, Human Rights Watch, and the National Immigrant Justice Center, what are some of the conditions inside the U.S. immigration detention centers run by the Trump administration?

Reported Conditions in Detention Centers Under the Trump Administration -lack of basic sanitation and cleaning supplies -less access to attorney than under previous administrations -almost impossible odds from being released from detention on parole -dangerously low levels of medical staffing and access to health and mental health care -people being confined to solitary confinement for months for minor infractions Not the Reported Conditions in Detention Centers Under the Trump Administration -regular, nutritious meals, good drinking water, and a high quality of sanitation -a fun, camp-like atmosphere -regular access to educational opportunities and vocational training

According to a a report on the subject released jointly by the American Civil Liberties Union, Human Rights Watch, and the National Immigrant Justice Center, what are some of the conditions inside the U.S. immigration detention centers run by the Trump administration?

Reported Conditions in Detention Centers Under the Trump Administration almost impossible odds from being released from detention on parole lack of basic sanitation and cleaning supplies less access to attorney than under previous administrations people being confined to solitary confinement for months for minor infractions dangerously low levels of medical staffing and access to health and mental health care Not the Reported Conditions in Detention Centers Under the Trump Administration regular, nutritious meals, good drinking water, and a high quality of sanitation regular access to educational opportunities and vocational training a fun, camp-like atmosphere

What did Donald Trump's ideological litmus test of "extreme vetting" specifically focus on identifying?

Something Donald Trump's "Extreme Vetting" Test was Attempting to Identify a hostile attitude toward US principles supporters of Sharia law Not Something Donald Trump's "Extreme Vetting" Test was Attempting to Identify a commitment to diversity and acceptance White supremacy

In 2016, the US resettled almost 85 000 refugees. From which countries did they come?

The US Accepted Refugees from Here Democratic Republic of Congo Myanmar Syria Iraq Somalia This Is Not a Country that Contributed to US Refugees Turkey Canada

Complete the passage on US immigration below.

The immigrant portion of the overall U.S. population was actually larger in 1890 than it is now, when it was 14.8 percent, the highest in U.S. history.

Match the term about approaches to immigration to its definition.

Wealthy nations able to ease the suffering of the world's poor and oppressed have a moral obligation to do so, but they also have moral obligations to their own citizens that may be weightier than those concerning foreigners. Correct label: anticosmopolitanism The view that wealthy nations able to ease the suffering of the world's poor and oppressed have a moral obligation to do so, and that this obligation is as strong concerning a nation's own citizens as it is concerning foreigners. Correct label: cosmopolitanism

Read the passage on immigration ethics by Christopher Heath Wellman and click on the sections that provide a moral justification for limiting immigration or closing borders. We take for granted that each individual has a right to choose his or her marital partner and the associates with whom he or she practices his or her religion. . . . [ J]ust as an individual has a right to determine whom (if anyone) he or she would like to marry, a group of fellow- citizens has a right to determine whom (if anyone) it would like to invite into its political community. And just as an individual's freedom of association entitles one to remain single, a state's freedom of association entitles it to exclude all foreigners from its political community.

a group of fellow- citizens has a right to determine whom (if anyone) it would like to invite into its political community. a state's freedom of association entitles it to exclude all foreigners from its political community.

How many immigrants enter the US every year?

about 1 million

What is a pro-immigration position that appeals to equality and freedom called?

cosmopolitan egalitarianism

Read the passage below on immigration by Stephen Macedo and click on the sections that provide a justification for limiting immigration or closed borders. I argue that if high levels of immigration have detrimental impact on our least well-off citizens, that is a reason to limit immigration, even if those who seek admission seem to be poorer than our own poor whose condition is worsened by their entry.

detrimental impact on our least well-off citizens

Which of these principles does Stephen Macedo use to justify his argument against immigration?

distributive justice

Read and complete the passage on US immigration below. In general, green-card immigrants can apply for citizenship after living continuously in the country for five years. Most of them are sponsored by family members who are already U.S. citizens.

five years family members U.S. citizens.

Complete the passage on the US definition of refugees below. The US Federal Government defines a refugee as "someone who has fled from his or her home country and cannot return because he or she has a well-founded fear of persecution based on religion, race, nationality, political opinion or membership in a particular social group."

fled fear of persecution religion, race, nationality, political opinion or membership in a particular social group

Complete the passage on US immigration policy below. In 2015, for example, the per-country visa limit for the US was 25,900, but there were 1,323,978 applicants from Mexico alone.

limit 25,900

Complete the passage on US refugee policy during World War II below. The US (and other countries in the Western Hemisphere) could have saved thousands of Jews from the Nazis. They didn't. At one point, the US literally turned away a ship of 900 German Jews. Shortly afterward, it rejected a proposal to allow 20,000 Jewish children to come to the US for safety. The name of the ship was the St. Louis and of the original passengers, 254 perished in the Holocaust.

literally turned away 900 German Jews St. Louis

Complete the passage by Stephen Macedo about immigration ethics below. Stephen Macedo uses a nonconsequentialist argument against immigration. He argues that seeing to the needs of one's own citizens is generally a weightier obligation than helping noncitizens.

nonconsequentialist against weightier obligation

What was one of the primary goals of Australia's Immigration Restriction Act 1901?

to limit the number of non-white immigrants to Australia

Read and complete the passage on US immigration below. In 2015, the number of undocumented immigrants was about 11 million, making up one-quarter of all immigrants and 3.4 percent of the country's overall population. The other immigrants were lawful residents (temporary or permanent) and naturalized citizens—nearly 34 million.

undocumented immigrants 11 million 3.4 percent

Complete the passage on immigration ethics below. Those who appeal to utilitarian considerations in favor of immigration argue that restricting immigration has adverse consequences, especially economically. Closed borders restrict trade, waste talents, and impede prosperity.

utilitarian adverse consequences Closed borders

While in office, President Trump ordered an end to a program that protected children from deportation.

True

Complete the passage on debates about immigration below.

Utilitarians may argue that open borders would have objectionable consequences. They contend, for example, that immigration must be limited or halted to protect the nation's distinctive culture. However, cultural change— whether caused by immigration or by internal factors—is often difficult to predict, and identifying objectively the features of a culture worth preserving can be tricky.

Both consequentialist and nonconsequentialist theories can be used to formulate arguments and claims about immigration.

True

How many people have died in US immigration detention centers since 2017?

39

Match the percentage of immigrants to the US in 2015 to the region they came from.

Asia Correct label:27% The Middle East Correct label:4% Europe and Canada1 Correct label:14% Mexico Correct label:27%

When was the first US law about naturalization passed?

1790

Stephen Macedo draws on justice to advocate against a cosmopolitan position on immigration. Order his arguments in their most robust arrangement.

1. If high levels of immigration by low- skilled workers make it unlikely that we will fulfill our moral obligations to the poorest Ameri-cans, then we should reduce or stop such immigration. 2. Currently high levels of immigration by low- skilled workers do make it unlikely that we will fulfill our moral obligations to the poorest Americans. 3. Therefore, we should reduce or stop high levels of immigration by low- skilled workers.

Place the countries in order of the percentage of immigrants in the total population, from greatest to least.

1. Switzerland 2. Canada 3. Austria 4. US

The first naturalization law in the US laid out the criteria for who could become a citizen. These were refined and supplemented over time. Place the naturalization requirements and limitations in order starting with the first criteria in the initial law.

1. The applicant had to be a resident for two years, a person of "good moral character," and a "free White person." 2. Restrictions limiting or banning immigration from many parts of the world, especially Asia. 3. Laws were passed to limit the number of immigrants from southern and eastern Europe (who were thought to be detrimental to American society) and to favor immigrants from northern and western Europe. 4. A new policy was instituted that favored skilled immigrants and those who, by immigrating, could help reunite families.

Stephen Macedo draws on theories of justice to argue against a cosmopolitan ethics of immigration. According to Macedo, what is the order of priority of obligation that a country has to others, starting with the greatest obligation and moving to the least?

1. citizens who are least well-off relative to other citizens 2. more well-off citizensn 3. non-citizens who are less well-off but could benefit citizens

Match the country to its wait time to bring a sibling to the US in 2015.

23 years Correct label: Mexico 17 years Correct label: The Philippines

Match the administration to the number of deportations that occurred during its leadership.

3 million immigrants Correct label: the Obama administration 2 million immigrants Correct label:the Bush administration

Complete the passage on asylum seekers below. More than 70 percent of people held in detention centers built under the Trump administration are under the purview of the New Orleans field office, which denied 99.1 percent of all applications for release on parole for asylum seekers between March and December 2019.

99.1 asylum seekers

Which of these are moral questions and issues about immigration?

A Moral Question or Issue Around Immigration Are nations morally obligated to accept all immigrants (to have more or less open borders)? What rights, if any, do undocumented ("illegal" or "unauthorized") immigrants have? Do rich nations have a moral obligation to accept refugees— the poor, oppressed, or persecuted? Do immigrants weaken a country's economy? Do immigrants work against rising crime in a country or community? If a nation admits immigrants, what are the selection criteria it can use to decide which immigrants to accept? Is it morally right, for example, to accept all White Christians but turn away all dark- skinned Pakistanis? Are countries obligated to grant citizenship to undocumented immigrants who have for years lived peacefully within their borders, paid taxes, contributed to the economy, supported their community, and never broken a law? Not a Moral Question or Issue ....

Which of the statements below are myths about immigration, and which are facts?

Myth -Undocumented immigrants pay no taxes. -Immigrants are taking jobs away from American citizens. -Unauthorized immigration is getting worse. Immigrants commit more crimes than native- born people do. -In a few years, Hispanic people will be the majority in the United States, and White people will be a minority. Fact -Many immigrants can become permanent residents. -Refugees can stay in the US indefinitely.

Match the argument against immigration to its counterargument.

This predicament of the welfare state does not provide a justification for closing borders. There may be ways to distribute benefits, they say, while keeping borders open— by, for example, delaying welfare benefits to new immigrants until after a few years of residency. Correct label: Some argue that a wealthy nation that offers substantial welfare benefits to its citizens (such as Sweden and other Scandinavian countries) cannot afford to have open borders. If such a welfare state placed no limits on immigration, it would be inun-dated by poor and needy people from impoverished countries seeking benefits. There is substantial disagreement over whether immigration limitations would be an effective security measure. Correct label: Nations are obligated to protect their citizens from external threats (such as terror-ism), and many people regard limitations on immigration as an obvious way to do this. Open borders may harm certain workers but benefit many other workers and the economy as a whole. Correct label: A very common assumption is that allowing immigrants into a country will wreck its economy. The empirical assumptions about cultural identity and change may not actually be true; citizens may not have a moral right either to resist or to impose changes to their culture. Correct label: Many favor closed borders to preserve what they perceive as their nation's distinctive culture.