Insulin Administration
What are the 3 types of insulin?
-Rapid-acting insulin -Regular or Short-acting insulin -Intermediate-acting insulin
Name the disease: The body does not produce insulin. The body breaks down the carbohydrates you eat into blood glucose (also called blood sugar), which it uses for energy.
-Type 1 diabetes:
What is the concentration of U-100?
100 units per milliliter of solution.
Inject rapid-acting insulins mixed with NPH insulin within # minutes before a meal?
15 minutes
Many people with diabetes are prescribed insulin, either because their bodies do not produce insulin (what type?) or do not use insulin properly (what type?).
1; 2
What is Afrezza?
A rapid-acting inhaled insulin that is administered at the beginning of each meal and can be used by adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Afrezza is not a substitute for long-acting insulin. Afrezza must be used in combination with injectable long-acting insulin in patients with type 1 diabetes and in type 2 patients who use long-acting insulin.
This test measures your average blood glucose for the past 2 to 3 months?
A1C
Why is the insulin administered by injection subcutaneously?
Because the GI tract breaks down and destroys an oral form of insulin.
A group of diseases that result in too much sugar in the blood (high blood glucose).
Diabetes Mellitus
This is how long insulin continues to lower blood glucose
Duration
True or False Physicians prescribe only one type of insulin to each patient.
False Sometimes patient's require more than one type of insulin. For example: by receiving a short acting (regular) and Intermediate acting (NPH) insulin, a patient receives more sustained control of blood glucose levels over a 24 hours period.
True or False Regular insulin is just one type of insulin that can be given intravenous
False the ONLY TYPE
True or False Reliance on correction insulin is likely to obtain long term glucose control so it should only be used on a temporary basis.
False, unlikely
This test checks your fasting blood glucose levels, this test is usually done first thing in the morning, before breakfast.
Fasting Plasma glucose test, because it is a fasting test
This insulin generally reaches the bloodstream about 2 to 4 hours after injection, peaks 4 to 12 hours later, and is effective for about 12 to 18 hours.
Intermediate-acting insulin
Reaches the bloodstream several hours after injection and tends to lower glucose levels fairly evenly over a 24-hour period. Types: Insulin detemir (Levemir) and insulin glargine (Lantus).
Long-acting insulin
Should you mix insulin with any other medications or diluents?
NO, unless the physician says otherwise
The length of time before insulin reaches the bloodstream and begins lowering blood glucose.
Onset
What are the 3 main characteristics of insulin?
Onset, Peaktime, and Duration
The time during which insulin is at maximum strength in terms of lowering blood glucose.
Peaktime
This test is a blood check at any time of the day
Random plasma glucose test (FSBS)
Begins to work about 15 minutes after injection, peaks in about 1 hour, and continues to work for 2 to 4 hours.
Rapid-acting insulin
__________________ or ________________ provides a dose of insulin based on the patient's glucose level.
Sliding scale insulins or correction insulin
Name some way that insulins come prepared.
Some insulins come pre-mixed (70/30 insulin: 70% is NPH and 30% is regular). Sometimes the insulin have to be mixed in one syringe. Some insulins come in a pen with a dial to adjust the dose
Describe regular or short-acting insulin
This usually reaches the bloodstream within 30 minutes after injection, peaks anywhere from 2 to 3 hours after injection, and is effective for approximately 3 to 6 hours.
True or False At first your pancreas makes extra insulin to make up for it. But, over time it isn't able to keep up and can't make enough insulin to keep your blood glucose at normal levels.
True
What is the most common form of diabetes?
Type 2 diabetes
A chronic condition that affects the way the body processes blood sugar (glucose).
Type 2 diabetes:
Name the types of regular or short-acting insulin
Types: Humulin R, Novolin R
Name types of rapid-acting insulin
Types: Insulin glulisine (Apidra), insulin lispro (Humalog), and insulin aspart (NovoLog)
Types of intermediate acting insulins
Types: NPH (Humulin N, Novolin N)
Insulin is available in different strengths; what is the most common type?
U-100
Verify insulin doses with ______________ ___________ while you are preparing the injection
another nurse
Clear to ____________ when mixing insulins
cloudy
Not having anything to eat or drink (except water) for at least 8 hours before the test.
fasting
-Never mix insulin ____________________ or insulin ____________________ with other types of insulin
glargine (Lantus); detemir (Levimir)
There are different types of insulin depending on what factors?
how quickly they work, when they peak, and how long they last.
Diabetes is a problem with your body that causes blood glucose (sugar) levels to rise higher than normal. What is this also called?
hyperglycemia
This begins working within 12 to 15 minutes, peaks by 30 minutes, and is out of your system in 180 minutes. Types: Technosphere insulin-inhalation system (Afrezza).
inhaled insulin
This is a hormone that the body needs to get glucose from the bloodstream into the cells of the body.
insulin
If you have type 2 diabetes your body does not use insulin properly. This is called ____________ _________________.
insulin resistance
The term correction insulin is preferred because?
it indicates that small doses of short or rapid acting insulin are needed to correct a patient's elevated blood sugar.
All insulin available in the United States is manufactured in a _______________.
laboratory
Insulin is a ____________ occurring hormone secreted by the _______________.
naturally; pancreas
The timing of the injections attempt to imitate what?
the normal pattern of insulin release from the pancreas.
What are the advantages of being diagnosed by the AIC test?
you don't have to fast or drink anything.
